scholarly journals The current epizootic situation of rabies in Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
A.A. Muminov ◽  
O.D. Nazarova ◽  
O.G. Petrova ◽  
F.B. Kamolzoda ◽  
F.Kh. Pulotov
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Terrestrial Animal ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

According to the Terrestrial Animal Health Code and the Veterinary Legislation of the Republic of Tajikistan, veterinary authorities register, give passport and vaccinate dogs and cats, but not to the full extent, which increases the risk of infection and death of people and animals with the rabies virus. This article presents the results of retrospective analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation and the role of carnivores and other animals in the circulation of the rabies virus in natural foci in Tajikistan’s regions close to big cities and areas under protection. Research and monitoring of the manifestation of rabies among carnivorous mammals in 4 regions of the country were carried out and the role in spreading of rabies infection was studied. As a result of study it was found that the most disadvantaged areas with high levels of rabies infection are Khatlon region and Central Tajikistan, and was explored connection between diseases of dogs and farm animals, especially cattle.

scholarly journals A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PREVALENCE OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (388) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Shabdarbaeva G., ◽  
◽  
Yalysheva S., ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The South ◽  
Accounting Systems ◽  
Full Extent ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Extensive Surgery ◽  
Epidemiological Situation ◽  
Production Losses

Echinococcosis is a zoonotic helminthiasis of humans and animals caused by Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm. Echinococcosis is often expensive and complicated to treat and may require extensive surgery or prolonged drug therapy. In addition, echinococcosis causes serious annual livestock production losses. More than 1 million people are affected with echinococcosis at any one time. Kazakhstan is one of the countries with adverse epidemiological situation for echinococcosis. The aim of the study is a retrospective investigation of changes in the incidence of cystic echinococcosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Scientific articles on prevalence and data from scientific reports were analyzed. Current situation has changed and remains complicated. Echinococcosis is present in all regions of the country; however, the most endemic area is the south of Kazakhstan, which is a large livestock husbandry center. The highest rates are observed in South Kazakhstan (Turkestan), Zhambyl, Almaty regions. The least prevalence of echinococcosis is in Pavlodar, Kostanai region and Nur-Sultan city. In general, from 1984 to 2016 the incidence rate in the country has grown by more than 5 times. Since 2007, there has been a gradual decrease in the number of newly registered cases. However, in endemic areas of the south, rates remain high. Existing accounting systems for patients with echinococcosis and statistical data cannot fully reflect the real number of people infected with echinococcosis, since only surgical cases are taken into account. Monitoring of the natural foci of Echinococcosis required for taking coordinated actions to combat disease. Cooperation between medical and veterinary specialists is necessary in order to get a full extent of the situation with zoonotic helminthiases.

scholarly journals REGIONAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE NOSOLOGICAL PROFILE OF INFECTIOUS ANIMAL DISEASES IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
O. B. Badmaeva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Natural Focus ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Carnivores

On the territory of the Republic of Buryatia, the epizootological profile is formed by 8 nosological forms of infectious pathology of farm animals. The dominant epizootic significance is rabies, leptospirosis, brucellosis. Rabies was registered in 8 (38.1 %) rural administrative districts of the republic and in the urban district of Ulan-Ude. In the total number of cases of rabies, the disease of farm animals occupies 48.3%, domestic carnivores-3.9, and in 47.6% of cases, epizootic foci began among wild animals. The main reservoir of the rabies virus is the wild fox: 46.2 % in the total number of cases and 97.1 % - in autochthonous epizootic foci. Leptospirosis in the conditions of Buryatia is an indigenous natural focal infection with a pronounced indicator of epizootic manifestation in the form of infection of animals without clinical signs. It is registered in 11 (52.4 %) rural administrative districts of the republic in 1.5 % of cattle and 0.6% of horses. The unfavorable situation with bovine brucellosis persisted from 2009 to 2018, 26 unfavorable points were registered. In the Jida district, 5 km from the state border with Mongolia, brucellosis was first registered in a dog. In this area, the corridor of migration of wild animals across the border passes, which confirms the assumption of the existence of natural foci of brucellosis in the transboundary territories of Russia and Mongolia and the introduction of the pathogen from the natural focus to the territory of the buffer zone farms.

scholarly journals Leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan. Epidemiological Features

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
T. A. Savitskaya ◽  
V. A. Trifonov ◽  
I. V. Milova ◽  
G. Sh. Isaeva ◽  
I. D. Reshetnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Mammals ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Environmental Objects ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

The study presents a characteristic of the current epidemiological situation on leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan, investigation of the circulation of leptospirosis agents among the population of small mammals, and the species composition of Leptospira that caused diseases in humans.Materials and methods. The paper contains the data on the incidence of leptospirosis among the population in the Russian Federation (RF) for the period between 2000 and 2018, in the Republic of Tatarstan – since 1998, submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, materials of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Main Veterinary Administration of the Republic of Tatarstan.Results and discussion. We have carried out the analysis of the epidemiological situation in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period of 1998–2018, by the administrative territories of the republic. The incidence of human leptospirosis caused by various leptospira serogroups has been assessed. In total, 112 people got infected with leptospirosis during the analyzed period. Also the data of epizootiological survey of small mammals inhabiting the natural foci of leptospirosis in the republic are presented. Laboratory tests of 1565 samples from mouse-like rodents for the presence of leptospirosis pathogens have been performed. 1.9 % of the tests gave a positive result. Dominant in the Republic of Tatarstan are the serogroups of Leptospira – Leptospira grippotyphosa and L. hebdomadis. The results of laboratory studies on the carriage of leptospira among small mammals and contamination of environmental objects indicate the circulation of pathogens of leptospirosis in the population of small mammals, habitant in forest shrub, near-water and meadow field stations of the republic. The red vole prevails in this community, the average index of its dominance is 66.7 %. Epizootiological monitoring point to a latent epizootic process in the community of mouse-like rodents.

scholarly journals Ways of Antiepizootic Measures’ Improvement in Case of Cattle Brucellosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11560-11564
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Dosage Frequency

The paper discusses epizootic situation of cattle brucellosis in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the subjects of the Kostanai region. The system of comprehensive anti-brucellosis measures based on the major principles with integrated organizational, economic, general veterinary and sanitary and special measures using specific prevention means according to certain schemes or without them, depending on the current epizootic situation, which transfers brucellosis into the category of controlled or potentially curable ones, is analyzed. Convincing evidence of the role of these factors in relation to the success of prevention and rehabilitation of infected herds is provided. The long-term research results indicate that in the regions largely affected by brucellosis complete recovery of cattle without specific prevention measures is practically impossible. In this regard, to eliminate the risk of infection we proposed schemes of anti-brucellosis immunization in safe regions and the subjects affected to different degrees, as well as that for imported pedigree cattle and its offspring. The schemes stipulate vaccines (dosage, frequency, place of immunization, intervals, timing of revaccination, etc.), timing and methods of examination different gender and age groups of cattle.

scholarly journals Chiroptera as a Potential Reservoir of Dangerous for Humans Viruses in the territory of the Republic of Guinea. Part 1

2018 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
A. M. Porshakov ◽  
Yu. V. Kononova ◽  
V. B. Loktev ◽  
M. I. Boiro
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Republic Of Guinea ◽  
Potential Reservoir ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Behavior

Chiroptera is one of the largest in numbers orders of mammals which can take on the role of natural host and vector of various viruses, bacteria, and pathogenic fungi. Over the period of 2007–2013, 248 new viruses pertaining to 24 families were detected in chiropterans. Lately, a range of novel infections that provoked severe diseases in humans were associated with bats-carriers. Presently they are viewed as a potential reservoir of Ebola, Marburg, and Hendra viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome agents, as well as many other lethal diseases. Chiropterans started drawing particular attention after establishment of the fact that they are involved in circulation of ebolavirus Zaire and possibly participate in the formation of natural foci of this infection. Currently chiropterans are considered to be natural reservoirs of ebolavirus Zaire and some other filoviruses (Filoviridae). Accept from filoviruses, other significant for public healthcare viruses were isolated from chiropterans on the African continent – lyssaviruses (Rhabdoviridae, Lyssavirus), henipaviruses (Paramixoviridae, Henipavirus), and coronaviruses (Coronaviridae, Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus) that can also circulate among chiropterans in West Africa. The data available from literature sources on dissemination of chiropterans in the territory of the African continent, their species diversity, peculiarities of ecology and behavior are analyzed in this paper. The information on the infections for which chiropterans can serve as potential reservoirs is also provided. Specifics of interaction between the population residing on African continent and bats of different species are described too. The review is devoted to the assessment of results of studies on population, ecological, and epidemiological factors contributing to maintenance of circulation of a number of dangerous for humans viruses (filoviruses, lyssaviruses, henipaviruses, and coronaviruses) among African chiropterans. The need for further investigation of the mentioned factors affecting chiropteran populations in the Republic of Guinea is substantiated.

scholarly journals Actual Aspects of Epidemiological Well-Being Support Anti-PLAgue for Population in Altai Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
S. V. Balakhonov ◽  
V. M. Korzun ◽  
S. A. Kosilko ◽  
E. P. Mikhailov ◽  
L. V. Shchuchinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Case ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Optimal Set ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Relevance. Despite significant advances in modern medicine in the treatment of infectious diseases, the plague has not lost its relevance and is one of the socially significant epidemic threats as a particularly dangerous infection. Every year, there are nearly 2.5 thousand cases of plague in the world, and the mortality rate 7 - 13%. Goal. Analysis of the current epizootic and epidemiological situation of the plague, and to determine the optimal set of preventive measures to ensure epidemiological welfare of population of the Republic of Altai on this particularly dangerous infectious disease. Materials and methods. Used the results of monitoring in 1961 - 2015 years of Gorno-Altai natural foci of plague. For more than 50 years bacteriologically were examined more than 290 thousand. small mammals, more than 1545 thousand fleas, isolated 2435 strains of the plague pathogen. Results. In recent years, the Gorno-Altai foci of plague most active of the 11 natural focis, located in Russia. On the Gorno-Altai territory in 2001 to 2014 isolated 801 strain of the pathogen, in 2015 - 23 strains, including 17 main subspecies. currently in the Gorno-Altai natural foci of plague there is a joint circulation of the two subspecies of the plague microbe: Y. pestis subsp. altaica and Y. pestis subsp. pestis. In September 2014 the first time since the detection foci of plague (1961) recorded the local human case of bubonic plague. in August 2015 identified a new case of the plague Conclusions. Introduction of the plague pathogen main subspecies into the ecosystem of the Gorno-Altaisk natural foci of plague greatly increases the possibility of dangerous epidemiological situation

Recent developments in lipid metabolism in ruminants – the role of fat in maintaining animal health and performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beate Hiller
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
And Performance

Optimising farm animal performance has long been the key focus of worldwide livestock production research. Advances in the understanding of metabolism/phenotype associations have outlined the central role of the lipid metabolism of farm animals for economically relevant phenotypic traits, such as animal health (immune status, fertility/reproductive capacity, adaptability/metabolic flexibility, robustness, well being) and performance aspects (meat/milk quality and quantity) and have led to an extensive exploitation of lipid metabolism manipulation strategies (e.g. tailored nutritional regimes, alimentary/intravenous fat supplementation, rumen-protected fat feeding, hormone application). This contribution gives an overview of established concepts to tailor animals’ lipid metabolism and highlights novel strategies to expand these application-oriented approaches via improved analysis tools, omics-approaches, cell model systems and systems biology methods.

Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression (Sponsor: Novartis Pharma GmbH, Nürnberg)

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Keyword(s):  
Lower Incidence ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Mtor Inhibitor ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Expert Meeting ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractImmunosuppression permits graft survival after transplantation and consequently a longer and better life. On the other hand, it increases the risk of infection, for instance with cytomegalovirus (CMV). However, the various available immunosuppressive therapies differ in this regard. One of the first clinical trials using de novo everolimus after kidney transplantation [1] already revealed a considerably lower incidence of CMV infection in the everolimus arms than in the mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) arm. This result was repeatedly confirmed in later studies [2–4]. Everolimus is now considered a substance with antiviral properties. This article is based on the expert meeting “Posttransplant CMV infection and the role of immunosuppression”. The expert panel called for a paradigm shift: In a CMV prevention strategy the targeted selection of the immunosuppressive therapy is also a key element. For patients with elevated risk of CMV, mTOR inhibitor-based immunosuppression is advantageous as it is associated with a significantly lower incidence of CMV events.

QUO VADIS HUKUM ISLAM (ANTARA IDEALITAS DAN REALITAS INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Dinda Izzati
Keyword(s):  
Political Rights ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
The Right

Evidently, a few months after the Jakarta Charter was signed, Christian circles from Eastern Indonesia submitted an ultimatum, if the seven words in the Jakarta Charter were still included in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, then the consequence was that they would not want to join the Republic of Indonesia. The main reason put forward by Pastor Octavian was that Indonesia was seen from its georaphical interests and structure, Western Indonesia was known as the base of Islamic camouflage, while eastern Indonesia was the basis for Christian communities. Oktavianus added that Christians as an integral part of this nation need to realize that they also have the right to life, religious rights, political rights, economic rights, the same rights to the nation and state as other citizens, who in fact are mostly Muslims. This paper aims to determine and understand the extent to which the basic assumptions of the Indonesian people view the role of Islam as presented in an exclusive format.

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