scholarly journals Effect of reporting a diagnosis on the behavior of HIV-infected people

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
D. A. Neshumaev ◽  
I. A. Olkhovskiy ◽  
V. P. Chubarov ◽  
L. V. Ruznyaeva ◽  
S. E. Skudarnov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Moment

Relevance. According to US scientists, the percentage of people who do not know about their positive status is 20% of all people living with HIV. Moreover, this group provides 49% of new infections. Therefore, it can be assumed that information about HIV status has a significant epidemiological effect. Aim. To assess the change in risk behavior of HIV-infected persons after informing about the diagnosis and the frequency of occurrence of nonspecific symptoms of HIV infection. Materials and methods. For information on changing the behavior profile was developed, consisting of three sections. The first and third sections are aimed at elucidating the characteristics of sexual and drug behavior from the moment of probable infection to the moment of diagnosis, in comparison with the time period from the moment of reporting the diagnosis to the present. The second section of questions is aimed at determining the frequency of occurrence of nonspecific symptoms of early HIV infection. In the survey agreed to participate in 79 HIV-infected patients. The reliability of the results obtained was determined using the Wilcoxon Sign Test. Results. The message of the diagnosis of HIV infection contributed to the desire to abandon the systematic use of intravenous drugs. The proportion of people who denied drug use increased from 13 to 65% (p < 0.05). The number of people infected intensively (30 and more doses / month) using drugs has more than halved – from 38 to 17% (p < 0.05). The number of people denying drug use in groups increased from 10 to 45% (p < 0.05). From 55 to 12% (p < 0.05), the proportion of people who pass their syringe (needle) to another person to inject drugs has decreased. The number of persons who noted the presence of more than 5 partners per year after diagnosis decreased three times (p < 0.05). Only 23% of the respondents did not present any complaints in the period preceding the detection of HIV infection. Symptoms of acute respiratory disease marked 48%, 37% had fever, and other non-specific clinical manifestations of HIV infection. Conclusion. Communicating a positive HIV status to a patient reduces the likelihood of HIV transmission by drugs by 3–4 times and sexually by 2–3 times by changing risky behavior. Nonspecific symptoms of an acute viral disease before the detection of HIV infection were recorded in 48% of cases.

Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection of stage 4 (severely symptomatic stage) in the practice of a health professional

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
A. Nikitina ◽  
A. Rusanova ◽  
A. Zhilenkova
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Future Practice

HIV infection is a significant problem in the modern world, because there are more and more infected people every year. This article will consider: the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of this disease in different countries. Based on these data, the following conclusions will be made to help doctors in their future practice correctly approach the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this disease.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted infections among HIV positive patients: a five year retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
N. Saravanan ◽  
Murugan Swamiappan ◽  
Rajkumar Kannan ◽  
G. Arul Raja
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinical Records

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are the most well established risk factors for the spread of HIV infection. STIs act as cofactors and facilitators for HIV transmission. The effects of HIV infection on immunity can increase susceptibility to other STIs. The aims and objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of co-infection of sexually transmitted infections among people living with HIV and AIDS.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective chart review of the data collected from the clinical records of all HIV patients who had attended the STI clinic of Chengalpattu Medical College, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu during the five years period, from January 2013 to December 2017, was carried out. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, co-infection of STIs among HIV patients, laboratory investigations and treatment were collected. The data collected were computed and analyzed statistically.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> During the study period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017 the total number of patients attended the STI clinic were 10825, among that males were 4534 (41.88%) and females were 6291 (58.12%). STIs/RTIs were seen in 2560 (23.65%) cases among the total number of patients attended. HIV was found to be positive in 294 cases, in that 168 (57.15%) were males and 126 (42.85%) were females. In male HIV patients, 51 (30.36%) had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. In female HIV patients, 57 (45.24) % had co-infection with other STIs/RTIs. Viral STIs was the common co-infection seen in males and vaginal cervical discharge was common in females.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> STI/RTI co-infection, both symptomatic and asymptomatic are common among PLHIV. Hence they should be regularly counselled regarding the significance of periodic screening for STI/RTIs avoidance of high risk sexual behaviour.</p>

scholarly journals The role of drug use in the spread and course of HIV-infection: a comprehensive view of the situation

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
N. A. Belyakov ◽  
V. V. Rassokhin ◽  
O. E. Simakina ◽  
S. V. Ogurtsova ◽  
N. B. Khalezova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Long Term Study

Intention. To conduct an analysis of HIV infections spread among drug users and subsequently show how HIV spreads in the society under interaction of drug addicts with other people.Methodology. An analysis of studies related to the area of research made by leading scientists in the field of epidemiology, infectology, narcology, psychiatry for a long-term period has been performed.Results and Discussion. Long-term study and thorough analysis demonstrate a persisting role of drug use and drug users in the spread of HIV infection and viral hepatitis through sexual contact and injection equipment and show main mechanisms of involvement all social groups in infection process.Conclusion. Injecting drug users represent a large number of people living with HIV, the least adherent to antiretroviral therapy and setting the stage for HIV transmitting in healthy population and maintaining the epidemic process at a high level.

scholarly journals Reported health, lifestyle and clinical manifestations associated with HIV status in people from rural and urban communities in the Free State Province, South Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michélle Pienaar ◽  
Francois C. Van Rooyen ◽  
Corinna M. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Involuntary Weight Loss

Background: HIV infection impacts heavily on the infected individual’s overall health status.Aim: To determine significant health, lifestyle (smoking and alcohol use) and independent clinical manifestations associated with HIV status in rural and urban communities.Methods: Adults aged between 25 and 64 years completed a questionnaire in a structured interview with each participant. Blood specimens were analysed in an accredited laboratory using standard techniques and controls. Anthropometric measurements were determined using standardised methods.Results: Of the 567 rural participants, 97 (17.1%) were HIV-infected, and 172 (40.6%) of the 424 urban participants. More than half of HIV-infected rural participants used alcohol and more than 40% smoked. Median body mass index (BMI) of HIV-infected participants was lower than that of uninfected participants. Significantly more HIV-infected participants reported experiencing cough (rural), skin rash (urban), diarrhoea (rural and urban), vomiting (rural), loss of appetite (urban) and involuntary weight loss (rural). Significantly more HIV-uninfected participants reported diabetes mellitus (urban) and high blood pressure (rural and urban). In rural areas, HIV infection was positively associated with losing weight involuntarily (odds ratio 1.86), ever being diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) (odds ratio 2.50) and being on TB treatment (odds ratio 3.29). In the urban sample, HIV infection was positively associated with having diarrhoea (odds ratio 2.04) and ever being diagnosed with TB (odds ratio 2.49).Conclusion: Involuntary weight loss and diarrhoea were most likely to predict the presence of HIV. In addition, present or past diagnosis of TB increased the odds of being HIV-infected. Information related to diarrhoea, weight loss and TB is easy to obtain from patients and should prompt healthcare workers to screen for HIV.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Surveillance over HIV-infection Including Patients Co-infected with HIV and Viral Hepatitis in the Far Eastern Federal District

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
E. A. Bazykina ◽  
V. B. Turkutyukov ◽  
O. E. Trotsenko ◽  
I. O. Taenkova ◽  
L. A. Balakhontseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Viral Hepatitis B ◽  
Far Eastern

Relevance. HIV-infection continues to be one of the unsolved issues of modern healthcare. In the Russian Federation, an annual increase in the number HIV-infected people including co-infected with HIV and viral hepatitis is registered. This is associated with common transmission mechanisms of the diseases. Objective: to conduct a retrospective analysis of the main HIV-infection epidemiological indices that included prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C among people living with HIV in the Far Eastern Federal district during years 2006–2018. Materials and methods: the conducted retrospective epidemiological analysis was based on evaluation of materials provided by AIDS prevention and control regional centers as well as in the official statistical data form № 61 «Data on HIVinfected contingents». Analysis of the obtained data included parametric and nonparametric statistics. Results. A deterioration of the epidemic situation concerning HIV-infection with and without viral hepatitis B and C was registered in the Far Eastern Federal district. The fraction of HIV-positive people aged 40 years and older increased up to 24.68 ± 0.26% in 2018. Feminization of HIV-infected population was observed. The fraction of HIV-positive women increased from 32.30 ± 0.50 % in 2006 to 36.82 ± 0.29% in 2018. The fraction of sexual transmission mechanism of the HIV has increased during the observed period of time and totaled 40.60 ± 0.30% in 2018. This fact plays a significant part in the spread of HIV in the Far Eastern Federal district. Conclusion. The revealed tendencies indicate a necessity of changing the preventive measures strategy against HIV.

scholarly journals EPIDEMIOLOGY OF HIV INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
V. B. Turkutyukov ◽  
N. A. Lipskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Natykan ◽  
I. I. Pavlova ◽  
N. A. Glebova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Amur Region ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Epidemiologic Features

The HIV infection prevalence rate suggests that in the Russian Federation the number of new cases of infection continues to grow. The retrospective epidemiological analysis of HIV infection in the Amur region was performed during a 5-year period from 2013 to 2017. The study included evaluation of incidence and prevalence rates, morbidity and mortality patterns. A positive HIV status has 0,14% of the region population. In 2017, the HIV-incidence rate equaled to 10,97‰00. Similar incidence rates were registered during 2015 and 2016. During 2013–2017 annual growth of HIV-prevalence that reached its peak in 2017 and exceeded the previous year’s rate at 18,3±0,65% (p=0,001) was registered. The highest HIV prevalence was detected at age from 30 to 39 years (45%). Among the HIV-positive people, sexual transmission route was dominant and during 2017 and totaled to 87%. Among people living with HIV registered for outpatient treatment, the most frequent stages of the disease (representing 97,7% of all clinical forms) were subclinical stage diagnosed in 251,3‰ [95% CI 232,2–270,3] and second stage (of secondary manifestations) totaled to 216,1‰ [95% CI 191,5–240,5]. This indicates on the development of the concentrated stage of HIV infection in the Amur region. Epidemiologic features of infection spread in the Amur region derives not only from active cross-border movements of citizens, but also from the specifics of demography processes.

scholarly journals The Association between CD-4 Level, Stress and Depression Symptoms among People Living with HIV/AIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 3459-3463
Author(s):  
Elmeida Effendy ◽  
Mustafa M. Amin ◽  
Lidya De Vega ◽  
Nurul Utami
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: The lives of individuals diagnosed with HIV and the subsequent illness, AIDS, were often chaotic because these individuals deal with the physical, emotional, and interpersonal sequelae of this illness. Depressive symptoms and stress were common and impact on functioning, quality of life, and health status, highlighting the importance of diagnosis and treatment of patients with HIV infection. Psychiatric clinical practice and rating scales have come to play an ever-increasing role both in determining specific symptoms and diagnosing an individual condition. Descriptive reports of psychiatric morbidity among those with HIV infection, that relied primarily on self-report rating scales, described high rates of symptomatic depression and stress. AIM: This study aimed to determine the proportion of depression among people living with HIV/AIDS using the BDI-II and PSS to determine a relationship between symptoms of depression and stress with CD4 counts. METHODS: This study was a numerical correlative analytic study with a cross-sectional study approach that assessed the correlation between stress, depression and CD4 level in people with HIV/AIDS that were receiving ARV therapy in the Voluntary Counselling Test (VCT) Polyclinic of General Hospital Haji Medan by recruiting 46 subjects. CD4 level was examined in the Pramita Medan laboratory. RESULTS: When analysis of BDI-II level and CD4 scores were done, a significant correlation was found (P < 0.05). The strength of the relationship between the BDI score and the CD4 score was 0.548 revealing a positive correlation with moderate correlation strength CONCLUSION: We have shown a significant relationship between depression, stress and CD4 level among people with HIV/AIDS in Medan, Indonesia. Psychological distress may affect the immunity in infected people, leading to the disease progressivity.

scholarly journals Psychological care for HIV-infected patientsat the St. Petersburg AIDS Center: history and the present time

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
O. V. Koltsova
Keyword(s):  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Psychological Care ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Treatment Interruptions ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Living With Hiv

The psychological state of people living with HIV is suffering from the moment when the diagnosis of HIV infection is perceived to the onset of remission during treatment. To achieve real effectiveness of HIV treatment, it is important to use not only the potential of modern pharmacotherapy, it is equally important that all people living with HIV receive psychological support in overcoming the difficulties arising from daily regular intake of drugs throughout their lives. Psychologists who are working at the AIDS Center are ready and conduct crisis counseling, extended counseling on adherence to treatment, psychological diagnostics to identify disorders which prevent the initiation and continuation of drug therapy, psychological correction in case of treatment interruptions. The use of traditional psychological methods should be based on knowledge of the characteristics of the disease and the specific treatment of HIV-infected people, which is currently being acquired in real clinical conditions. The article summarizes the many years of experience of the team of psychologists at the St. Petersburg AIDS Center and presents a model of modern psychological care for HIV-infected people based on knowledge of the characteristics of the disease, its prevention and specific treatment. 

scholarly journals Barriers to Disclose HIV Status to Family Members Among People Living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kusman Ibrahim ◽  
Laili Rahayuwati ◽  
Yusshy Kurnia Herliani
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Family Coping ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
District Hospitals

Disclosing HIV status has inhibited HIV infected persons from getting access to sufficient prevention, care, treatment, and support, which in turn can contribute to poor HIV/AIDS control. This study aims to explore the reasons underlying the barriers to disclosing HIV status to family members among people with HIV infection. This is a qualitative exploratory study. Forty participants participated in the study which was divided into five focus group discussions. They were purposively recruited from two district hospitals in West Java. FGDs were audiotape recorded with permission from participants and were verbatim transcribed. Data were analyzed qualitatively by thematic analysis technique. Four major themes emerged from the data; 1) Negative feelings about being a HIV-infected person, 2) Feeling fear of being rejected by family members, 3) Avoiding being a burden on the family, 4) Desiring to maintain a good relationship with family members.<strong> </strong>The study suggested that nurses and health care providers need to consider family as the primary source of support and encouragement for people with HIV infection. Strengthening the self-confidence of PLWH and family coping strategies needs to be more emphasized when caring for people with HIV infection particularly in the first stage after being diagnosed as HIV positive.

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