scholarly journals MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS OF SIMMENTAL BREED CATTLE IN YAKUTIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
L. P. Koriakina ◽  
N. N. Grigorieva ◽  
V. I. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
The Impact

The authors argue the impact of environmental stress factors on physiological status of Simmental cattle of local selection, adapted to conditions of breeding in Arctic zone, characterized by weak forage base and unfavorable extreme natural conditions. They found out the total number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobulin in the investigated animals in the peripheral blood is 14.55% lower than the standard values on the average. The granulocyte concentration in the leukocyte formula exceeds the standard by 1.2%. The level of total protein in the blood serum is significantly higher than the standard one: in calves - by 38.01, in cows - by 17% (P0.001). In peripheral blood, dysproteinemia is observed in the animals. The impact of environmental stress factors on neutrophil opsonophagocytic reaction (ORP) parameters, such as phagocytic activity of neutrophils (FA), phagocytic number (FN), phagocytic index (PI), in vitro, has been determined. The greatest growth of phagocytic activity was observed in the winter stable period, which exceeded the physiological standard by 5.99%. The FA is relatively high in other seasons and corresponds to the upper limit values of the multiyear average. When studying the qualitative characteristics of microphages - phagocytic number - it was revealed that the maximum values are observed in cows in winter-spring period (10,3±1,6 and 10,0±0,7 m.t.), and the minimum - in summer (7,9±0,9 m.t.). When estimating the phagocytic index in the opsonophagocytic reaction, the authors revealed the profound growth of PI values in winter (8.1±1.4 m.t.), which is 34.56% higher than in summer. The data obtained confirm the severity of the impact of environmental conditions, in particular, seasonal changes that play specific role in the adaptive response and in the preservation of the overall organism resistance.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ULTIMATELY LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF MEDICINES ON THE OPSONOCYTOPHAGIC RESPONSE OF NEUTROPHILS

2019 ◽  
pp. 126-132
Author(s):  
M. V. Lazareva ◽  
N. A. Shkil
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

The paper shows the impact of ultra-low concentrations of medical specimens on neutrophil opsonocytophagic reaction (ORR) parameters, such as phagocytic activity of neutrophils (PA), phagocytic number (PN), phagocytic index (PI), in vitro. The researchers observed the highest phagocytic activity in the control group 3 (placebo-control) in Creosotum C30 and, Ovarinine (P<0.01). When exploring the qualitative parameters of neutrophil opsonophagocytic reaction – phagocytic number – the authors observed the highest index in Ovarinine (26.79±5.13 m.t.), Secale cornutum C6 (16.57±0.46 m.t.) and Thuja D3 (15.58±1.30 m.t.). When estimating the phagocytic index in opsonophagocytic reaction, the inhibitory effect of saline solution (1.64±0.07 m.t.) was observed in relation to the placebo-control group No. 3 (2.42±0.21 m.t.) on 32.23%. The regularities revealed show that the lowest indexes of cellular immunity (FA, FF, FI) are established in Platinum C6; FF and FI - in Lilium tigrinum C12. The highest parameters of opsonocytophagic reaction were observed in the complex specimen Ovarinine, which includes Apis mellifelica C12, Pulsatilla pratensis C30, Sulfur C200, Sepia C6, Creazotum C30, Lachesis C12. Ovarinine is characterized by 9.65% increase in phagocytic activity, 997.95% in phagocytic number and 1106.76% in phagocytic index in comparison with the control group 1 with lactose.

scholarly journals Phagocytic activity of blood monocytes in response to methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557
Author(s):  
O. A. Kolenchukova ◽  
N. I. Sarmatova ◽  
A. V. Moshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Burst ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Blood Monocytes ◽  
Monocyte Subsets ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Hla Dr ◽  
Burst Intensity

Current study performed to estimate the phagocytic activity of blood monocytes of varying phenotypes exposed to MRSA and MSSA strains.  Objects: Blood monocytes were collected from 25 healthy adults (age: 25–45 years). Live suspensions of MRSA/MSSA strains were used at concentration of 106 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL.  Metods. Phagocytic functions were estimated by using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labelled MRSA and MSSA strains followed by running flow cytometry on FC 500 series flow cytometer (Beckman Coulter, USA). Whole peripheral blood cells were directly labelled with immunofluorescently tagged monoclonal CD14-PE/CD45-ECD/HLA-DR-PC5/CD16-PC7 antibodies (Beckman Coulter, USA). Respiratory burst intensity was evaluated in monocytes by measuring activity of lucigeninand luminol-dependent spontaneous and induced chemiluminescence. Monocytes were induced by using live suspension of MRSA/MSSA strains at a concentration of 106 CFU/mL. Results and discussion. While studying luminol-dependent monocyte activities after exposure to MRSA vs. MSSA, it was observed a 3.5-fold decreased curve square, whereas lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence was increased by 6-fold. Compared to MSSA exposure, index of activation (IA) was decreased by 1.1-fold in response to MRSA exposure that was confirmed by lowered release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from monocytes in response to MRSA exposure. Moreover, IRSS increased by 1.3-fold upon MRSA exposure. Examining monocyte oxygen-independent phagocytosis against MRSA vs. MSSA revealed significantly increased phagocytic number and concomitantly decreased phagocytic index. An evaluation of the activities of various monocyte subsets in response to MRSA vs. MSSA revealed increased phagocytic index by 1.5-fold for CD14lowCD16+ and CD14+CD16+ monocyte subsets as well as 3-fold for CD14+CD16– monocytes. Counts for all phagocytic subsets were decreased (1.4-, 1.5- and 4-fold for CD14lowCD16+, CD14+CD16+ and CD14+CD16– monocytes, respectively). To summarize, intensity of the respiratory burst was lowered upon MRSA exposure and percentage of monocyte subsets. Overall deficiency of superoxide anion production was observed in response to MRSA. In contrast, oxygen-independent event revealed phenotypic changes in frequency of peripheral blood monocytes upon MRSA exposure. We observed that CD14+CD16– classical monocytes were more rapidly activated. Conclusion. Thus, we concluded that CD14+CD16– monocytes became more rapidly activated but exhibited less effective phagocytosis, whereas CD14+CD16+ and CD14lowCD16+ monocytes were more slowly activated and demonstrated stronger phagocytic activity.

scholarly journals Preferential and persistent impact of acute HIV-1 infection on CD4+ iNKT cells in colonic mucosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (46) ◽  
pp. e2104721118
Author(s):  
Dominic Paquin-Proulx ◽  
Kerri G. Lal ◽  
Yuwadee Phuang-Ngern ◽  
Matthew Creegan ◽  
Andrey Tokarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Inkt Cells ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv 1

Acute HIV-1 infection (AHI) results in the widespread depletion of CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and gut mucosal tissue. However, the impact on the predominantly CD4+ immunoregulatory invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells during AHI remains unknown. Here, iNKT cells from peripheral blood and colonic mucosa were investigated during treated and untreated AHI. iNKT cells in blood were activated and rapidly depleted in untreated AHI. At the time of peak HIV-1 viral load, these cells showed the elevated expression of cell death–associated transcripts compared to preinfection. Residual peripheral iNKT cells suffered a diminished responsiveness to in vitro stimulation early into chronic infection. Additionally, HIV-1 DNA, as well as spliced and unspliced viral RNA, were detected in iNKT cells isolated from blood, indicating the active infection of these cells in vivo. The loss of iNKT cells occurred from Fiebig stage III in the colonic mucosa, and these cells were not restored to normal levels after initiation of ART during AHI. CD4+ iNKT cells were depleted faster and more profoundly than conventional CD4+ T cells, and the preferential infection of CD4+ iNKT cells over conventional CD4+ T cells was confirmed by in vitro infection experiments. In vitro data also provided evidence of latent infection in iNKT cells. Strikingly, preinfection levels of peripheral blood CD4+ iNKT cells correlated directly with the peak HIV-1 load. These findings support a model in which iNKT cells are early targets for HIV-1 infection, driving their rapid loss from circulation and colonic mucosa.

scholarly journals Influence of Abiotic Stress Factors on the Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenols Profile Composition of Green Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski ◽  
Dominika Radzikowska ◽  
Eva Ivanišová ◽  
Artur Szwengiel ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

The influence of stress factors on the plant can, on the one hand, lead to worse functioning of the plant and loss of its crop, but on the other, it can have a positive effect on the metabolism of compounds with documented biological activity. In this study, the effect of light and drought intensity on photosynthetic activity and physiological status of two barley varieties, as well as the antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and profile of polyphenolic compounds of green barley were analysed. It was shown that under the conditions of water shortage, the KWS Olof variety showed a smaller decrease in CO2 assimilation and transpiration and higher values of these parameters at both light intensities. Only in the KWS Olof variety increased stress as a result of increased light intensity. It has also been shown that both the intensity of radiation and drought-related stress have a significant impact on the profile of polyphenolic compounds from green barley, without a simple relationship between the impact of stress factors on the content of polyphenols. Changes in the profile of polyphenolic compounds augmented the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the material. This, in turn, proposes the possibility of reducing the applied doses of herbal material thanks to a greater content of active substances in extracts obtained from the plants used to produce medicinal preparations.

scholarly journals Antagonistic Effects of CAPE (a Component of Propolis) on the Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Irinotecan and SN38 in Human Gastrointestinal Cancer Cells In Vitro

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Gajek ◽  
Beata Marciniak ◽  
Jarosław Lewkowski ◽  
Renata Kontek
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood ◽  
Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester ◽  
Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes ◽  
Apoptotic Activity ◽  
The Impact

The incidence of gastrointestinal cancers is increasing every year. Irinotecan (CPT-11), a drug used in the treatment of colorectal cancer and gastric cancer, is metabolized by carboxylesterases to an active metabolite, SN-38, which is more cytotoxic. CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) is an active component of propolis, which has a high antibacterial, antiviral, and antineoplastic potential. This study analyses the impact of CAPE on the cytotoxic (MTT assay), genotoxic (comet assay) and proapoptotic (caspase-3/7 activity) potential of irinotecan and its metabolite SN-38 in cultures of gastrointestinal neoplastic cells (HCT116, HT29, AGS). Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity activities of these compounds were carried out in comparison with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) in vitro. The antioxidant potential of CAPE was investigated in relation H2O2-induced oxidative stress in the both neoplastic cells and PBLs. CAPE expressed cytotoxic, genotoxic, and pro-apoptotic activity against AGS, HCT116, and HT29 tumor cells. CAPE, in the presence of different concentrations of irinotecan or SN38, decreased the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and pro-apoptotic activity in these cell lines, but it has no such action on normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Comparison between Progenitor Cells from Mobilized Peripheral Blood (PB) in Healthy Donors and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) Patients.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 5002-5002
Author(s):  
Eva M. Villaron ◽  
Julia Almeida ◽  
Natalia Lopez-Holgado ◽  
Fermin M. Sanchez-Guijo ◽  
Mercedes Alberca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Functional Assays ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Cd34 Cells ◽  
Cell Subpopulations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Pbsc Mobilization

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) mobilization is impaired in patients receiving chemotherapy but, as far as we know there is no data about the impact of chemotherapy on different PB progenitor cell subpopulations. AIM: to ascertain whether or not immature or committed progenitor cell are affected by chemotherapy prior PBSC mobilization in NHL patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: a total of 27 PB samples from NHL patients and 36 PB samples from healthy donors were studied. Immunophenotypic analysis of CD34+ cell subpopulations was performed using the following four colour combinations of monoclonal antibodies (FITC/PE/PC5/APC): CD90/CD133/CD38/CD34 and CD71/CD13/CD45/CD34. In order to study committed progenitor cells “in vitro”, standard colony-forming assays were used and, in order to investigate the behaviour of the uncommitted progenitors Delta Assays of plastic adherent progenitor cells (PΔ) were performed. RESULTS: The comparison between NHL patients and healthy donors is shown in Table 1. The relationship between data obtained by flow cytometry and cultures was statistically significant (p<0.05, r>0.568) for all the progenitors analysed. Table 1: Results of Immunophenotypic and Functional Assays LNH patients Healthy donors p Data expressed as median (range). 1. Percentage among CD34+ cells. 2. Number of CFU/10 5 planted cells. 3. Number of CFU/10 6 planted cells % CD34 0.16(0.04–3.65) 0.57(0.11–1.81) 0.013 Immunophenotypic Data Erithroid 1 0.05(0.01–0.60) 0.14(0.02–0.42) 0.098 Myelo–monocytic 1 0.11(0.02–2.41) 0.37(0.07–1.18) 0.014 Immature 1 0.01(0.00–0.63) 0.05(0.01–0.19) 0.014 CFU-GM 2 70(4–440) 90(0–904) 0.327 Clonogenic and Delta Assays data BFU-E 2 62(6–172) 85(0–240) 0.046 CFU-Mix 2 18(0–124) 42(0–140) 0.018 CFU Δ3 356(0–3509) 953(90–8320) 0.033 CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that in NHL, mobilized committed and above all immature progenitors are impaired when compared with healthy subjects, both analysed by immunological and functional assays. Only granulomonocytic progenitors analysed by a functional approach seemed to be preserved.

scholarly journals Integrative Analysis of Primary SF3B1 mt Ring Sideroblasts Provides Fundamental Insights into MDS-RS Pathogenesis and Dyserythropoiesis

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 146-146
Author(s):  
Pedro Luis Moura ◽  
Teresa Mortera-Blanco ◽  
Isabel Juliana F Hofman ◽  
Gabriele Todisco ◽  
Warren W Kretzschmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Ring Sideroblasts ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) constitute a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disorders characterized by aberrant HSC differentiation, cytopenia, and an increased risk of progression to leukemia. The low-risk subtype MDS with ring sideroblasts (MDS-RS) is specifically characterized by expanded and ineffective erythropoiesis, with more than 80% of patients displaying mutations in the core spliceosome component SF3B1 (SF3B1 mt). A hallmark of the MDS-RS bone marrow (BM) is the progressive accumulation of ring sideroblasts (RS), erythroblasts displaying perinuclear mitochondria loaded with aberrant ferritin-iron complexes. Whilst several in vitro and in vivo model systems exist for studying the impact of SF3B1 mt on erythropoiesis and RS development, primary SF3B1 mt erythroid biology remains largely unexplored due to the inability to purify live SF3B1 mt cells or fully replicate BM conditions in vitro. To address this issue, we developed an innovative two-step method to isolate live ring sideroblasts from SF3B1 mt MDS-RS BM aspiration material with extremely high purity (as determined through droplet digital PCR-based genotyping [Fig. 1A] and morphology-based detection through Prussian blue staining [Fig. 1B,C]). Unexpectedly, evaluation of matching peripheral blood samples showed that circulating ring sideroblasts are strikingly common in MDS-RS (Fig. 1D), with their abundance being significantly positively associated with clinically-determined BM RS frequencies and serum erythropoietin levels, as well as negatively associated with hemoglobin levels. Through high-throughput Chromium 3'-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis of purified RS, we then showed that these cells comprise a heterogeneous population encompassing all stages of the erythroid differentiation continuum, from early progenitors to orthochromatic erythroblasts (Fig. 1E). The RS transcriptome was shown to be dynamically regulated towards the maintenance of cell survival during late terminal erythroid differentiation (exemplified through parkin 1 [PINK1] expression), with SF3B1 K700E erythroblasts employing multiple strategies to preserve homeostasis despite undergoing extreme oxidative stress. These observations were confirmed through a parallel whole-transcript RNAseq investigation comprising CD34 + and GPA +-enriched samples obtained from normal bone marrow (NBM) donors and SF3B1 K700E MDS-RS patients, as well as purified RS samples. This bulk RNAseq experiment validated the RS transcriptomic signature observed in scRNAseq (Fig. 1F) and allowed for a detailed investigation of RNA splicing. SF3B1 K700E-associated alternative splicing in CD34 + and RS was consistent with previous literature, but also highly context-dependent and with substantial changes in scope and magnitude throughout erythroid differentiation (Fig. 1G-I). Finally, we substantiated these RNAseq results through Tandem Mass Tag-based semi-quantitative proteomic analysis of purified RS and GPA-enriched cells from NBM donors and MDS-RS patients. We confirmed that ring sideroblast survival is heavily dependent on redox balance modulation and suppression of ER stress via an increased dependence on glutamine, mirroring the molecular mechanisms observed in malignancy. Additionally, our data strongly indicate that the RS population is a major modulator of the MDS-RS BM microenvironment due to expression of stress factors (with particular emphasis on GDF15, erythroferrone and IL-18). In conclusion, our integrative analysis of primary RS constitutes a unique platform for the study of MDS-RS, with special interest for the investigation of potential drivers of disease severity or treatment avenues. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Kretzschmar: Vanadis Diagnostics, a PerkinElmer company.: Current Employment.

scholarly journals Effect of Massoia (Massoia aromatica Becc.) Bark on the Phagocytic Activity of Wistar Rat Macrophages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triana Hertiani ◽  
Agustinus Yuswanto ◽  
Sylvia Utami Tunjung Pratiwi ◽  
Harlyanti Mashar
Keyword(s):  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
In Vivo Assay

Massoia (Massoia aromatica Becc., Lauraceae) bark has been widely used as a component of traditional Indonesian medicine. The indigenous people boil or steam the bark for traditional applications. Our preliminary research revealed the potency of Massoia essential oil and its major compound, C-10 Massoialactone as potential immunomodulator in vitro. However, no scientific evidence regarding its in vivo effects is available. Therefore, this study evaluated the potential immunomodulatory effects of Massoia bark infusion on the nonspecific immune response (phagocytosis) of Wistar rats. The aqueous extract of Massoia bark was obtained by boiling pulverized bark in water, and the C-10 massoialactone content of the extract was determined through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) densitometry. For the in vitro assay, macrophages were treated with the freeze-dried infusion at the concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 40 &mu;g/mL media. For the in vivo assay, 2-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups. The baseline group received distilled water at the dose of 1 mL/100 g BW with the immunostimulant herbal product &ldquo;X&rdquo; administered as the positive control at the dose of 0.54 mL/rat. The treatment groups received the infusion at a dose of 100, 300, or 500 mg/100 g BW. Treatments were given orally every day for 14 days. The ability of macrophage cells to phagocyte latex was determined as phagocytic index (PI) and was observed under microscopy with 300 macrophages. The in vitro study revealed that the phagocytic activity of the infusion-treated macrophages significantly increased in comparison with that of the control macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Among all treatment concentrations, the concentration of 40 &mu;g/ml provided the highest activity with a PI value of 70.51% &plusmn; 1.11%. The results of the in vivo assay confirmed those of the in vitro assay. The results of the present study indicate that Massoia bark can increase the phagocytic activity of rat macrophage cells. Its potential as a naturally derived immunomodulatory agent requires further study.

scholarly journals Nutrition Related Stress Factors Reduce the Transfer of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Resistance Genes between an Escherichia coli Donor and a Salmonella Typhimurium Recipient In Vitro

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Maria Saliu ◽  
Marita Eitinger ◽  
Jürgen Zentek ◽  
Wilfried Vahjen
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
The Impact

The transfer of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-genes occurs frequently between different bacteria species. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of nutrition related stress factors on this transfer. Thus, an Escherichia coli donor and a Salmonella Typhimurium recipient were co-incubated for 4 h in media containing different levels of the stress factors’ pH, osmolality, copper, zinc and acetic, propionic, lactic, and n-butyric acid, as well as subtherapeutic levels of cefotaxime, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and nitrofurantoin. Conjugation frequencies were calculated as transconjugants per donor, recipient, and total bacterial count. A correction factor for the stress impact on bacterial growth was used. Acetic, lactic, and n-butyric, acid, as well as pH, showed no significant impact. In contrast, increasing concentrations of propionate, zinc, copper, and nitrofurantoin, as well as increased osmolality reduced conjugation frequencies. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and cefotaxime showed increased transconjugants per donor, which decreased after correction for stress. This study showed, for the model mating pair, that conjugation frequencies decreased under different physiological stress conditions, and, thus, the hypothesis that stress factors may enhance conjugation should be viewed with caution. Furthermore, for studies on in vitro gene transfer, it is vital to consider the impact of studied stressors on bacterial growth.

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