scholarly journals The impact of multi-year straw and green fertiliser application on grain yields in a grain steam crop rotation

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
I. B. Sorokin ◽  
N. Yu. Nikolaeva ◽  
E. A. Valetova ◽  
Y. V. Chudinova
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
Biological Farming ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Better Than

The research proves the advantage of the direction of biological farming using agrocenosis bioresources (straw and green manure) as fertiliser. These studies were carried out in a field stationary experiment of the agrochemical service. Regular application of fertilisers showed a stable tendency to increase grain crop yields. At applying straw with nitrogen for 20 years, the yield increase is reliable 5.0 c/ha (26.8%). The application of green manure fallow on the background of regular application of straw provided an increase in grain yield by 3.6 c/ha (20.6%), which is also significantly higher than the application of straw alone without nitrogen, which provided a steady trend of the average annual increase in yield by 1.1 c/ha (6.3%). Over four rotations (2000-2019) of grain and fallow crop rotation in the conditions of the Tomsk region, there is increasing efficiency of green manure fallow and regular use of straw as a fertiliser. This efficiency leads to the preservation of soil fertility and increased grain crop yields compared with pure fallow. In the first rotation, the grain yield in these variants was at the same level. In the second rotation, the outcome after green manure fallow was higher by 11.7% than after pure fallow. In the third rotation, the yield was 18% higher. In the fourth rotation, the green manure fallow was better than pure fallow in grain yield by 40%. The results were statistically processed by analysis of variance using SNEDEKOR software.

Quantifying carbon sequestration in a minimum tillage crop rotation study in semiarid southwestern Saskatchewan

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
A. J. VandenBygaart ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
B. G. McConkey ◽  
W. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Century Model ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Cropping Frequency ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legume Green Manure

Scientists and the agricultural community require methods of quantifying C sequestration in soils. This is important in assessing the impact of crop management practices on emission of greenhouse gases and for “C trading”. Using simulation models may be a more effective method of quantification as compared with in situ measurements. A 17-yr crop rotation experiment being conducted on a medium-textured Orthic Brown Chernozem at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, in which soil organic C (SOC) was being monitored periodically, was used to assess the effect on C sequestration of cropping frequency, wheat class, legume green manure (LGM), flexible cropping based on available water, and regrassing of crop land. Prior to the study, the experimental site had been cropped to fallow-wheat (F-W) for the previous 60 yr. Crop management in this experiment involved minimum tillage, snow trapping, and N + P fertilization based on soil tests. Three models [Century, the Introductory C Balance model (ICBM), and the Campbell model] were tested for their effectiveness in simulating SOC trends. Because growing season precipitation was average to above average, yields, and thus C inputs from residue, were also above average, and consequently SOC increased in most systems for the first 10 yr before reaching a new steady state. SOC gains (kg ha-1 yr-1) in the 0- to 15-cm depth in 17 yr were directly proportional to cropping frequency (F-W-W = 135, F-W-W-W = 332, and Cont W = 441); LGM-W-W gained SOC at a much higher rate than F-W-W (329 vs. 135 kg ha-1 yr-1 ); Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), although it yielded 26% less than Canada Prairie Spring (CPS) wheat, gained SOC at a higher rate than CPS wheat (135 vs. 0 kg ha-1 yr-1). Further, 2 yr of conventionally-tilled fallow in 17 yr (flexible system) markedly suppressed SOC gain by 46% compared with Cont W (441 vs. 236 kg ha-1 yr-1). There was a 282 kg ha-1 yr-1 gain in SOC under crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L.) (CWG) but most of this gain occurred in the last 7 yr. Though having their inherent weaknesses, the ICBM and Campbell models performed equally well in simulating SOC trends (r2 = 0.55**), but Century was less effective (r2 = 0.21*), in part because of its limited ability to simulate yields. Because C input, and thus yield, is one of the main factors influencing SOC gains, and since measured yields are used in the ICBM and Campbell models, while simulated yields are used by Century, the ICBM and Campbell models have an advantage over the Century model in this comparison. Efficiencies of conversion of input C to SOC increased with cropping frequency, and were higher for LGM-W-W than for F-W-W, and for systems with CWRS wheat rather than CPS wheat. Efficiency of conversion was 8% for F-W-W, 15% for LGM-W-W and 21% for Cont W. Key words: ICBM model, Century model, Campbell model, C sequestration, legume green manure, regrassing

scholarly journals Impact of Organomineral Fertilization Systems on the Yield of Field Crops and Changes in the Productivity of Crop Rotation on Irrigated Ordinary Carbonate Chernozems of the Central Ciscaucasia

2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01039
Author(s):  
Ruslan Bizhoev ◽  
Sarina Konova ◽  
Asiyat Sarbasheva ◽  
Olga Batyrova ◽  
Rada Gazheva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
The Impact ◽  
By Products

The paper presents the research results of the impact of different fertilization systems - mineral and organic, using intercropping of green manure crops, biological resources (straw of grain crops, foliar of maize) on crop yields of grain rotating crops - winter wheat, maize, peas and the productivity of hectare of arable black land of ordinary carbonate chernozem in dryland conditions of the Central Caucasus region with different indicators of growing seasons. The scientific novelty of the paper is the identification of optimum-rational fertilization systems and the justification of the influence of the studied fertilization systems and the use of by-products of the crop rotation, which make it possible to obtain stable crop yields and maintain the humus content in the soil. The work defines the efficiency of the use of different mineral fertilizer doses in combination with organic fertilizers, which form the highest crop yield and crop rotation productivity.

Agroresource potential and rationale for irrigation North-Central Steppe of Ukraine

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Y. Soroka ◽  
Y.A. Tarariko ◽  
R.V. Saydak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
North Central ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of research - a comprehensive assessment of the potential agroresource North-Central Steppe of Ukraine, set limitipuyuschie factors to improve the productivity of agriculture. During the robot conventional research methods were used: field, laboratory, analytical, comparative, kompyuternoy simulation modeling, and system generalization of the results. Experiental part held in a stationary field experiment Zaporozhye experimental station Of Institute oil culture NAAS Studies have shown that the systematic application of fertilizers on a range of agro, chemical, physical, agrohimichesih indicators studied soil has Visokiy potential fertility. Surfacing Systems of soil on crop rotation productivity impact is immaterial. One can only note the trend for the most minor ways of loosening the soil with mulch. The test crop rotation composition simulates one of the most intensive farming options. Indicators of productivity and the variation coefficient of variation it indicates a fairly low level of realization of the potential fertility of chernozem ordinary, which is explained on the one hand, the steady downward trend in the annual water balance, on the other hand, promotion of a balance of humus, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers at the studied systems. The dependence of the yield of the agro-climatic conditions considered by the example of the main cereal region - winter wheat. It was found that the greatest impact on the implementation of crop production potential are hydrothermal conditions of May - June. Analysis of the results of research allowed to evaluate the potential agroresource North Steppe and to establish the impact of the major factors in the formation of crop yields. Irrigation in this zone is the most important factor for improving productivity of crops, and its implementation in 70% of rotations may increase the productivity of not less than 1.8 times.

Herbicide efficacy for control of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) is influenced more by wheat seeding rate than row spacing

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Lemerle ◽  
Peter Lockley ◽  
Eric Koetz ◽  
Simon Diffey
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
The Impact

Conservation cropping systems with no-till and stubble retention improve soil condition and water conservation. However, tillage is replaced by herbicides for weed control in these systems, increasing the threat of herbicide resistance. In the medium to high rainfall zones of the southern wheatbelt of Australia and under irrigation, wider row spacing is used to enable seeding into heavy stubble loads and to avoid stubble burning. Some evidence suggests that wider rows lead to reduced crop competitive ability and crop yields, greater herbicide dependence, and increased spread of resistance. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that increasing seeding rate compensated for reduced competitive ability at wider row spacings, especially when herbicide performance was suboptimal. We examined the impact of two wheat row spacings (18 and 36 cm) and five seeding rates (resulting in a range of densities of ~80–700 plants/m2) on control of Lolium rigidum with five rates of post-emergence application of diclofop-methyl (Hoegrass®), ranging from label rate to lower rates, over two growing seasons. In the presence of L. rigidum, wheat grain yield was unaffected by row spacing but was significantly reduced at low seeding rates, especially at lower herbicide rates. Lolium rigidum was suppressed at higher crop densities but was also unaffected by row spacing. Grain yield was maximised when post-emergence herbicide was applied at 60–100% of the recommended dose at wheat densities >~300 plants/m2. Significant levels of the weed remained in the crop at anthesis in all treatments. Weed dry matter ranged from 525 g/m2 at low crop densities and with no herbicide to 150 g/m2 with the recommended rate of herbicide and high wheat densities. The implications of manipulating crop competitive ability to improve weed control are discussed, especially in conditions where herbicide performance is unreliable due to weeds developing herbicide resistance or adverse environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Comparison of grain yields and N2O emissions on Oxisol and Vertisol soils in response to fertiliser N applied as urea or urea coated with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati ◽  
Mike Bell ◽  
David Lester ◽  
David W. Rowlings ◽  
Clemens Scheer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
North East ◽  
Fertiliser Application ◽  
N Rates

The potential for elevated nitrous oxide (N2O) losses is high in subtropical cereal cropping systems in north-east Australia, where the fertiliser nitrogen (N) input is one single application at or before planting. The use of urea coated with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) has been reported to substantially decrease N2O emissions and increase crop yields in humid, high-intensity rainfall environments. However, it is still uncertain whether this product is similarly effective in contrasting soil types in the cropping region of north-east Australia. In this study the grain yield response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to rates of fertiliser N applied as urea or urea coated with DMPP were compared in crops grown on a Vertisol and an Oxisol in southern Queensland. Seasonal N2O emissions were monitored on selected treatments for the duration of the cropping season and the early stages of a subsequent fallow period using a fully automated high-frequency greenhouse gas measuring system. On each soil the tested treatments included an unfertilised control (0kgNha–1) and two fertilised treatments chosen on the basis of delivering at least 90% of seasonal potential grain yield (160 and 120kgNha–1 on the Vertisol and Oxisol respectively) or at a common (suboptimal) rate at each site (80kgNha–1). During this study DMPP had a similar impact at both sites, clearly inhibiting nitrification for up to 8 weeks after fertiliser application. Despite the relatively dry seasonal conditions during most of the monitoring period, DMPP was effective in abating N2O emissions on both soils and on average reduced seasonal N2O emissions by 60% compared with conventional urea at fertiliser N rates equivalent to those producing 90% of site maximum grain yield. The significant abatement of N2O emissions observed with DMPP, however, did not translate into significant yield gains or improvements in agronomic efficiencies of fertiliser N use. These results may be due to the relatively dry growing season conditions before the bulk of crop N acquisition, which limited the exposure of fertiliser N to large losses due to leaching and denitrification.

scholarly journals Impact of climate change on agricultural crops yield on the territory of the Republic of Armenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 03019
Author(s):  
Varduhi Margaryan ◽  
Gennady Tsibulskii ◽  
Elena Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
The Impact

The article assesses the change in air temperature and precipitation, and also examines the impact of climate change on crop yields in the Republic of Armenia. As a source of information, the actual data of agrometeorological observations of the GEO "Center for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring" of the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Armenia and the National Statistical Service are used. As a result of the study, it turned out that there are trends towards an increase in the average annual values of air temperature and heat provision of crops (in total temperatures above 10.0 ° C). In the studied area, there are no regular changes in the amount of atmospheric precipitation over the year. The impact of climate change will only worsen and lead to various problems in water industry, agriculture, energy, health and other sectors. In the republic in 2000-2018 are observed of both the gross harvest and agricultural crops yield increase, with the exception of the tobacco crop. However, this does not mean that agricultural crops are not affected by climate change.

scholarly journals Effects of green manures during fallow on moisture and nutrients of soil and winter wheat yield on the Loss Plateau of China

2018 ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Naiwen Xue Tianqing Du
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Better Than

The application of catch crops as a green manure can enhance soil fertility owing to improving soil nutrients. We conducted one year field experiment to evaluate the effect of catch crops [Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different sowing rates and Soy bean (Glycine max L.)] with biological organic fertilizer 1,500 kg/ha on wheat yield and soil nutrients. The green manures were sown on 3th July 2015 during summer fallow. At the beginning, there were five treatments as follows: R1 (Rapeseed and sowing rate was 7.5 kg/ha); R2 (Rapeseed and sowing rate was 15 kg/ha); R3 (Rapeseed and sowing rate was 22.5 kg/ha); S (Soy bean and sowing rate was 105 kg/ha); C (Control was bare field). Every green manure treatment was split into two treatments on 27th September 2015. One treatment we turned the above ground biomass of green manure into the soil. And another treatment we harvested the above ground biomass of green manure. The above ground biomass turned into soil treatments were G1, G3, G5 and G7. The above ground biomass harvested treatments were G2, G4, G6 and G8. The treatment C was still the bare field. Soil samples were taken twice to measure soil moisture and nutrients at two stages. One stage was in autumn before winter wheat sowing and another stage was in next year summer after wheat harvest. The significantly highest 1,000-grain weight and grain yield belonged to the treatment C, which were 10.69%-36.87% and 16.86%-72.5% higher than that of the green manures treatments. After wheat harvest, the 0-20 cm soil available N and total N of G7 were 51.40%-20.45% and 95.12%-125.35% significantly better than that of other treatments. The significantly highest soil total P of 0-20 cm belonged to G3 after wheat harvest, which was 25%-45.83% better than other treatments. Before wheat sowing, the treatment C kept the significantly lowest soil available K of five layers. The 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil organic matter of the treatment S was 40.28%-71.12% and 53.92%-122.67% significantly higher than other treatments before wheat sowing. Therefore, growing rapeseed and soy bean during summer fallow in this region significantly reduced 1,000-grain weight and grain yield of subsequent winter wheat. But the incorporation of green manures improved the soil nutrients to some extent.

Manipulation of ley pastures with herbicides to control take-all

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ MacLeod ◽  
GC MacNish ◽  
CW Thorn
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Pasture Yield ◽  
Take All

The effect of grass-selective and broad-spectrum herbicides in pasture:wheat rotation experiments were studied from 1981 to 1986 at Esperance, W.A. The quantity of pasture and the proportion of grass present in the pasture phases were determined. Pastures were grazed by sheep. Incidence and severity of take-all and grain yield were measured in the wheat phases. The rotations studied were either a 2 year pasture: 1 year crop or 1 year pasture: 1 year crop. Herbicide treatments greatly decreased the grass content of pastures in the year of application, and this effect carried over to the second year in the 2 year pasture: 1 year crop rotation. Herbicide reduced total pasture yield in the year of application, but not in the year following. Herbicide treatment of pastures decreased the incidence and severity of take-all in the following wheat crop. Crop yields were increased following treated pastures and to a greater extent than could be exdained bv decreased take-all alone. Incidence of take-all depended primarily upon the quantity of grass in the previous pasture (5.4% incidence of take-all per 100 kg ha-1 grass dry matter in the previous pasture). Incidence of take-all was also related to the incidence of take-all in previous wheat crops and the quantity of grass in the pasture in the preceding two years.

scholarly journals Legumes crop rotation can improve food and nutrition security in Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pokhrel ◽  
S Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Cost Controls ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

An intensive review of the literatures was made to access the importance of crop rotation for sustainable agriculture in Nepal. Result shows that an appropriate crop sequences improves soil fertility, reduces fertilizer cost, controls soil erosion, makes environment healthy, increases crop yields and develop sustainable crop production in the long run. Based on the study, identification of location specific crop sequences, their extension and evaluation of the impact on food production are recommended. Agronomy Journal of Nepal (Agron JN) Vol. 3. 2013, Page 123-127 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajn.v3i0.9014

Nitrogen rate and timing effects on growth and yield of drill-sown rice

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Dunn ◽  
T. S. Dunn ◽  
B. A. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Impact

Eight rice experiments were established at two sites in the Riverina district of south-eastern Australia in the 2012–13 and 2013–14 seasons. Two semi-dwarf rice varieties were drill-sown and nitrogen (N) fertiliser (urea) was applied at different rates at the 4-leaf stage before permanent water (pre-PW) and at panicle initiation (PI). The research assessed the impact of timing of N application on grain yield, compared the apparent N recovery of N fertiliser applied at the two stages, and determined an application strategy for N to obtain consistently high grain yields for current, semi-dwarf rice varieties when drill-sown. The apparent N recoveries achieved were 59% for N applied pre-PW and 25% for N applied at PI, averaged across years, sites, varieties and N rates. Grain yield increased significantly with increased rate of N applied at both stages, but the rate of increase from N applied at PI decreased as the rate of N applied pre-PW increased. The grain yield increase for N applied pre-PW was due to increased number of panicles at maturity and increased number of florets per panicle. Nitrogen applied at PI increased dry matter at maturity and number of florets per panicle. Application of N at PI increased grain yield over that when no N was applied; however, at low PI N-uptake levels, application of N at PI is not enough to achieve high grain yields. Therefore, sufficient N should be available to the crop from a combination of soil- and pre-PW-applied N for the crop to reach a level of N uptake at PI whereby high yields can be achieved. Nitrogen applied at PI did not appear to increase the potential for cold-induced floret sterility as much as pre-PW-applied N. Further research is required to confirm this in other seasons and for other rice varieties.

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