An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Curd Tension and the Curd Surface Area of Milk

The relationship between body height and body weight has been described by using various terms. Notable among them is the body mass index, body surface area, body shape index and body surface index. In clinical setting the first descriptive parameter is the BMI scale, which provides information about whether an individual body weight is proportionate to the body height. Since the development of BMI, two other body parameters have been developed in an attempt to determine the relationship between body height and weight. These are the body surface area (BSA) and body surface index (BSI). Generally, these body parameters are described as clinical health indicators that described how healthy an individual body response to the other internal organs. The aim of the study is to discuss the use of BSI as a better clinical health indicator for preclinical assessment of body-organ/tissue relationship. Hence organ health condition as against other body composition. In addition the study is `also to determine the best body parameter the best predict other parameters for clinical application. The model parameters are presented as; modeled height and weight; modelled BSI and BSA, BSI and BMI and modeled BSA and BMI. The models are presented as clinical application software for comfortable working process and designed as GUI and CAD for use in clinical application.

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The relationship between brain structure and general psychopathology in preadolescents

10.31234/osf.io/r4pxy ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Louise Mewton ◽

Briana Lees ◽

Lindsay Squeglia ◽

Miriam K. Forbes ◽

Matthew Sunderland ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Surface Area ◽

Brain Structure ◽

Parental Education ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

General Psychopathology ◽

Control Approach ◽

Cortical Volume ◽

Subcortical Regions ◽

The Relationship

Categorical mental disorders are being recognized as suboptimal targets in clinical neuroscience due to poor reliability as well as high rates of heterogeneity within, and comorbidity between, mental disorders. As an alternative to the case-control approach, recent studies have focused on the relationship between neurobiology and latent dimensions of psychopathology. The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between brain structure and psychopathology in the critical preadolescent period when psychopathology is emerging. This study included baseline data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® (n = 11,721; age range = 9-10 years; male = 52.2%). General psychopathology, externalizing, internalizing, and thought disorder dimensions were based on a higher-order model of psychopathology and estimated using Bayesian plausible values. Outcome variables included global and regional cortical volume, thickness, and surface area. Higher levels of psychopathology across all dimensions were associated with lower volume and surface area globally, as well as widespread and pervasive alterations across the majority of cortical and subcortical regions studied, after adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, and parental education. The relationships between general psychopathology and brain structure were attenuated when adjusting for cognitive functioning. There was evidence of a relationship between externalizing psychopathology and frontal regions of the cortex that was independent of general psychopathology. The current study identified lower cortical volume and surface area as transdiagnostic biomarkers for general psychopathology in preadolescence. The widespread and pervasive relationships between general psychopathology and brain structure may reflect cognitive dysfunction that is a feature across a range of mental illnesses.

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The relationship of bitumen content, aggregate surface area, and extraction time using asphalt ignition furnace

Can Tho University Journal of Science ◽

10.22144/ctu.jen.2015.020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 01 ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Nhat, T.T.

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Ignition Furnace ◽

Bitumen Content ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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General Psychopathology, Cognition, and the Cerebral Cortex in 10-Year-Old Children: Insights From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2021.781554 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Yash Patel ◽

Nadine Parker ◽

Giovanni A. Salum ◽

Zdenka Pausova ◽

Tomáš Paus

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

Cognitive Development ◽

Surface Area ◽

Cortical Surface ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

General Psychopathology ◽

Cortical Surface Area ◽

Neurite Density ◽

The Relationship ◽

Strength Of Association

General psychopathology and cognition are likely to have a bidirectional influence on each other. Yet, the relationship between brain structure, psychopathology, and cognition remains unclear. This brief report investigates the association between structural properties of the cerebral cortex [surface area, cortical thickness, intracortical myelination indexed by the T1w/T2w ratio, and neurite density assessed by restriction spectrum imaging (RSI)] with general psychopathology and cognition in a sample of children from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Higher levels of psychopathology and lower levels of cognitive ability were associated with a smaller cortical surface area. Inter-regionally—across the cerebral cortex—the strength of association between an area and psychopathology is strongly correlated with the strength of association between an area and cognition. Taken together, structural deviations particularly observed in the cortical surface area influence both psychopathology and cognition.

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Mpemba Effect- the Effect of Time

10.14293/s2199-1006.1.sor-.ppxtyij.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jianan Wang

Keyword(s):

Gravitational Field ◽

Surface Area ◽

Time Effect ◽

Light Quantum ◽

Unit Surface Area ◽

Heat Flows ◽

Unit Surface ◽

Average Wavelength ◽

Nature Of Time ◽

The Relationship

This paper draws the following conclusions on the nature of time by analyzing the relationship between time and speed, the relationship between time and gravitational field, the gravitational redshift of the photon, and the black-body radiation theorem: Time on an object is proportional to the amount of energy flowing out (or in) per unit time (observer’s time) per unit surface area of the object. When an object radiates energy outward: t'=μB(T) =μσT 4=μnhν/st Where t’ is the time on the object, μ is a constant, B(T) is the radiosity，the total energy radiated from the unit surface area of the object in unit time (observer’s time), σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant, T is the absolute temperature, n is the number of the photons radiated, ν is the average frequency of the photons radiated, s is the surface area of the object and t is the time on the observer. When the object radiates energy outward, the higher the energy density of the space (for example the stronger the gravitational field of the space), the smaller the radiosity B(T) of the object in the space, the longer the average wavelength of the light quantum emitted by the object, the slower the time on the object, the longer the life of the system. When the object radiates energy outward, the faster the object moves relative to the ether, the higher the energy density of the local space in which the object is located, the smaller the radiosity B(T) of the object, the longer the average wavelength of the light quantum radiated by the object, the slower the time on the object, and the longer the life of the system. When the object radiates energy outward, the higher the temperature of the object, the greater the object's radiosity B(T), the shorter the average wavelength of the light quantum radiated by the object, the faster the time on the object, and the shorter the life of the system. Applying the above conclusions about the nature of time, the author analyzes the Mpemba effect and the inverse Mpemba effect, and reaches the following conclusion: the Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from objects into space, and the "inverse" Mpemba effect is the time effect produced when heat flows from space into objects.

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The perforation of the frustules of planktonic diatoms Pseudosolenia calcar-avis and Proboscia alata (Bacillariophyceae)

10.35688/2413-8452-2019-02-003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

Lyakh A.M.

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Geometric Modeling ◽

Direct Determination ◽

Entire Surface ◽

Planktonic Diatoms ◽

Centric Diatoms ◽

Flow Through ◽

Material Energy ◽

The Relationship

Physiological and biophysical characteristics of microalgae should strongly depend on the surface area of the cover of organisms, as all the material-energy streams flow through the surface. However, to determine the relationship between the intensity of the flow of substances with the physiology of unicellular, it is necessary to take into account only the area of perforations, since the rest of the shell is impermeable for substances. The direct determination of the area of perforations on the entire surface of the microalgae is very difficult. Therefore, the indirect method of estimating the perforation area using geometric modeling of the perforation distribution (texture) on the surface was used in this study. The object of the research is two types of marine plankton diatoms with large cylindrical frustules. It was assumed that the frustules are covered with a regular triangular texture of the areola. This texture can be divided into regular hexagons, which allows us to estimate the number of areolas as the ratio of the surface area of the frustules to the area of one hexagon. The model takes into account that each areola is covered with a silicon plate perforated by a smaller pore. The multiplication of the number of areolas on the area of a given pore gives the value of the total area of perforations. Calculations showed that the perforation of the frustules of Proboscia alata was 4%, and Pseudosolenia calcar-avis – 6%. These are the first estimates of the perforation of the entire surface of the diatom frustules. The acquired data confirms the hypothesis that frustules of the most centric diatoms are covered by pores by about 5%, and the other surface is impervious to material flows.

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Change in event horizon surface area as the source of nonmetricity field

International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics ◽

10.1142/s0219887818501049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 15 (06) ◽

pp. 1850104

Author(s):

Yuriy A. Portnov

Keyword(s):

Black Holes ◽

Surface Area ◽

Event Horizon ◽

Test Body ◽

Body Motion ◽

Motion Equations ◽

Gravitational Source ◽

Theory Of Gravitation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Over Time

This paper concerns the relationship between the nonmetricity 1-form and the change in entropy. Motion equations have been obtained for test bodies in a gravitational field created by a massive body with entropy varying over time. It has been shown that increasing entropy of the gravitational source will bring about an increase in the acceleration of the test body. Applied to the theory of gravitation with nonmetricity, black hole dynamics equations based on foundations laid by S. Hawking and J. Beckenstein, enabled identification of changes in black holes event horizon surface area as a putative source of nonmetricity field. The implication is that changes in event horizon area will affect test body motion. The latter property makes it possible to contemplate a completely new method for discovering short-lived microscopic black holes.

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Karakterisasi Katalis CaO dan Uji Aktivitas pada Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Kedelai

METANA ◽

10.14710/metana.v15i2.25106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 57-64

Author(s):

Setiarto Pratigto ◽

Istadi Istadi ◽

Dyah Hesti Wardhani

Keyword(s):

Soybean Oil ◽

Surface Area ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Free Variable ◽

Transesterification Reaction ◽

Base Strength ◽

Velocity Equation ◽

High Base ◽

The Relationship

Penelitian ini akan mengkaji kinetika reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dengan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO dengan parameter rasio mol reaktan terhadap konversi metil ester yang digunakan untuk menentukan persamaan kecepatan reaksi. Katalis CaO digunakan untuk reaksi transesterifikasi karena memiliki kekuatan basa yang tinggi, ramah lingkungan, kelarutan yang rendah dalam metanol. Kinetika reaksi untuk reaktor batch dihitung saat reaksi berlangsung berdasarkan rejim surface area limited yang menentukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bentuk persamaan kecepatan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol menggunakan katalis CaO menurut metode differential reactor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan reaksi transesterifikasi minyak kedelai dan metanol dengan katalis CaO dengan variabel bebas perbandingan mol reaktan. Hasil penelitian mengemukakan metanol teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis dan trigliserida tidak teradsorpsi di permukaan katalis menunjukkan mekanisme reaksi katalitik Eley-Rideal. Persamaan kecepatan reaksi dapat digunakan dalam perancangan reaktor, sehingga hubungan antara konversi trigliserida menjadi biodiesel dengan kebutuhan berat katalis dan volume reaktor yang diperlukan dapat diprediksi. This study will examine the kinetics of the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol using a CaO catalyst with the parameters of the mole ratio of reactants to the conversion of methyl esters used to determine the reaction velocity equation. CaO catalyst is used for transesterification reaction because it has high base strength, environmentally friendly, low solubility in methanol. The reaction kinetics for a batch reactor are calculated when the reaction takes place based on a decisive surface area limited regime. The purpose of this study was to determine the shape of the speed equation for the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol using a CaO catalyst according to the differential reactor method. The research was carried out with the transesterification reaction of soybean oil and methanol with a CaO catalyst with a free variable ratio of reactant moles. The results of the study revealed that methanol adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst and triglycerides not adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst showed an Eley-Rideal catalytic reaction mechanism. The reaction speed equation can be used in reactor design, so the relationship between the conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel with the required catalyst weight and the reactor volume required can be predicted.

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An Analysis of the Bonding Energy through Pull-Out Tests for Aerated Concrete with Various Steel Strip Geometries

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.275.55 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 275 ◽

pp. 55-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dariusz Alterman ◽

Juan Vilches ◽

Thomas Rainer Neitzert

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Steel Strip ◽

Bonding Energy ◽

Ball Joint ◽

Pull Out ◽

Steel Strips ◽

Aerated Concrete ◽

Set Up ◽

The Relationship

The relationship between various steel strip geometries and the bonding energy through pull-out tests of aerated concrete specimens is investigated. Prismatic concrete samples containing embedded steel strips with and without holes of differing sizes and quantities were analysed. Improvements of the bonding energy through pull-out tests by 70% are possible by increasing the number of holes on a steel strip from one to four while maintaining a constant surface area. The energy increased even up to 130% for strips containing holes compared to strips without. In addition, the tests have been carried out with a novel easy to assemble set-up containing a freely adjustable ball-joint and a plate with embedded bolts to avoid eccentricity during pull-out tests.

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The Environmental Significance of Sediment Surface Area as a Controlling Factor in the Preservation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) in Sediments Adjacent to Woodfibre Pulp Mill, Howe Sound, British Columbia

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9110711 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 711

Author(s):

Gareth Chalmers ◽

Rupert Adams ◽

Amanda Bustin ◽

Marc Bustin

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Surface Area ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Sediment Surface ◽

Moderate Correlation ◽

Pulp And Paper Mill ◽

Selective Enrichment ◽

Organic Matter Concentration ◽

The Relationship

A sediment core was retrieved from an area adjacent to a Pulp and Paper Mill in Howe Sound, British Columbia, in order to examine the accumulation dioxins (PCDDs) and furans (PCDFs). Downcore distribution of TOC in the bulk samples is relatively uniform (0.5–1.7 wt. %). Bulk PCDD/F concentration shows selective enrichment and depletion at specific sediment horizons, and a low to moderate correlation with surface area (r2 = 0.23–0.54). TOC in size fractionated sediments ranges from 0.3–11 wt. % and shows a moderate correlation with surface area (r2 = 0.51). The relationship between PCDD/Fs and surface area is congener specific, ranging from no significant correlation (TCDD; r2 = 0.05), to a good correlation (i.e., OCDF; r2 = 0.74). Results indicate that both dioxin and furan concentrations are related to organic matter concentration, molecular chlorination and sediment surface area.

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