scholarly journals WHEN SMALL BECOMES BIG – FIFTEEN YEARS OF SLOVENIA IN NATO

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-122
Author(s):  
ALIJA KOZLJAK
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Small States ◽  
Integration Path ◽  
Paper Briefly ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
Large Organization ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Balkan Countries

Abstract This paper analyzes Slovenia’s membership of NATO from an external, rather regional perspective. The conceptual context is based on theories of international relations, simplifying the understanding of developments related to the NATO integration processes. The methodology used for this analysis is mainly qualitative research, by means of several primary and secondary sources. In this context, the paper contributes to debates on whether small states serve as consistent security providers in the Alliance; hence, it examines Slovenia’s case in its efforts to be a reliable member of the Alliance. Correspondingly, it studies Slovenia’s attempts and its role in the Euro-Atlantic efforts of the Western Balkan countries. Likewise, the paper further examines to what extent, using the large organization as a platform, Slovenia pursues its own national interests, contributes to achieving the NATO ambitions of neighbouring countries, and strengthens regional stability. After some preliminary arguments, the paper briefly describes Slovenia’s integration path, from Yugoslavia to NATO. It then elaborates Slovenian engagements in the neighbourhood, before attempting to provide a short illustration of the role of Slovenia as an advocate of the region. The paper concludes that, despite its size and scope, Slovenia provides specific capacities that have verified the country as a respected member of the Alliance. Key words Slovenia, NATO, region, Balkan, membership.

scholarly journals Education and science as a soft power tool in Slovakia and V4 countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 131-148
Author(s):  
Peter Čajka
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Interests ◽  
High Level ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Relationship

Already in the Middle Ages, in times of the first universities, education was an important source of knowledge and social status. Nowadays, education, together with its quality and level of teaching, is used as a means of pursuing national interests abroad, as well as influencing local elites, and sometimes even a larger population. High level and good quality of education is one of factors contributing to the relationship between states. The role of education as regards international prestige and the position of individual states has risen in recent years chiefly due to major changes in the global economy and a corresponding shift of values, values which have become important for the modernization of societies. Thus, education has become increasingly important, especially due to the growing significance of knowledge in the globalized world. Education has become an increasingly important factor in international relations and it translates into the soft power of a state.

ABOUT THE CREATIVE ROLE OF N. NAZARBAYEV IN CREATING AN EFFECTIVE GOVERNANCE SYSTEM IN INDEPENDENT KAZAKHSTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Tuleutai Suleimenov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The Political ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Governance System ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Effective Governance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Creative Role

Kazakhstan at the present stage has the status of a large regional state in the Eurasian space, plays an active role in the system of international relations, occupying a worthy place on the political map of the world. The strategy of independence of N. A. Nazarbayev formed the basis for the vision of modernizing modern Kazakhstani society and strengthening the independence of our country in the new world. The values ​​of our independence: multinationality of a single people, common national interests, education and science, demarcation of state borders, peaceful foreign policy.

The role of parliament in international relations and WTO negotiations: the case of Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
OLUF LANGHELLE ◽  
HILMAR ROMMETVEDT
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
National Level ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Domestic Affairs

According to traditional constitutional theory, foreign affairs is the prerogative of the executive. However, globalisation and the dual process of internationalisation of domestic affairs and domestification of international affairs imply that the days when foreign policy was the exclusive domain of the executive are over. The article explores the effects of globalisation on the role of Parliament in international relations in general, and WTO negotiations specifically, using the Norwegian Parliament as an illustration. Three findings are presented. First, at the international level attempts are made to develop a ‘parliamentary dimension of the WTO’. Second, at the national level the Norwegian Parliament has become more actively engaged in international relations. And, third, the Norwegian Parliament plays an important role in the processes of defining national interests and determining national negotiation positions in the WTO, especially with regard to possible trade-offs between the offensive interests of fisheries and the defensive interests of agriculture.

Secretary-General

2018 ◽  
pp. 230-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Newman
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Secretary General ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
Historical Origins

This chapter describes the evolution of the role of the UN Secretary-General in the context of international relations, paying particular attention to the historical origins of the office within the international civil service. It explores the challenges faced by the Secretary-General in seeking to act independently on behalf of the global interest, in a political environment characterized by competing national interests and power politics. It also considers whether the process that resulted in the appointment of António Gutteres in 2016—seen as the most transparent, meritocratic, and inclusive in the history of the UN—might enable the Secretary-General to be more effective in the face of the many pressures upon the office.

scholarly journals The Ranking of the Western Balkan Countries According to the Degree of Globalization

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Goran ZENDELOVSKI
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
National Power ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Different Levels

Globalization does not have the same impact on countries, it acts differently in countries with different levels of political, economic, social and technological development. Its unequal distribution by region, country or community confirms that it is a complex and deeply asymmetric process. It is confirmed by numerous theories and debates that only explained and defined the phenomenon, but paid little attention to the complexity of globalization and measuring its extent. Empirical indicators can be used to measure the differences between the national and the international in different domains. In this way, it is possible to see to what extent the countries are globalized, i.e., to see the strong influence of globalization processes on the overall state of society. That is why a large number of countries try to use the processes of globalization to promote national interests and improve their position in international relations. Therefore, the analysis of the indexes of globalization will help us to understand with which components of national power the countries dominate on the regional and global scene. The focus of the research is on the analysis of several globalization indexes that include the countries of the Western Balkan. Namely, the degree of globalization of countries is empirically analyzed through the prism of several different indicators that are constructed to measure the overall index of globalization, as well as to measure the political, economic and social dimension of globalization. The inclusion of a larger number of variables enables a more objective and accurate ranking of countries. As the results of the globalization rating of the Western Balkan countries show, it is concluded that the processes of globalization greatly contribute to strengthening and improving cooperation between countries, intensify interdependence, affect Euro-Atlantic integration processes, stimulate economic growth and improve the situation in societies. However, according to the elaborated data, these countries are still in the phase of adjustment or “maturation”, therefore, they are in the category of partially globalized countries.

scholarly journals PERAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM MEMPERKUAT KEAMANAN MARITIM INDONESIA TAHUN 2009-2019 [THE UNITED STATES' ROLE IN BOLSTERING THE INDONESIAN MARITIME STRUCTURE FROM 2009-2019]

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Michelle Vicky Gunawan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Relations ◽  
National Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Neoclassical Realism ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Security Sector

<p>Maritime security is an issue that is considered important by the United States. The role of the United States in the maritime sector is driven by its national interest. This encourages the United States to work with countries that have strategic geopolitical conditions such as Indonesia. This thesis aims to discuss the interests of the United States in Indonesia's maritime security sector, the role of the United States in the Indonesian maritime security sector, and Indonesia's considerations in establishing cooperation with the United States. The purpose of this thesis is to provide a comparison of the role of the United States in the Indonesian maritime sector in the period of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono II and Joko Widodo I. Following the theory of neoclassical-realism and neo-realism International Relations is the product of states’ national interest and this includes Indonesian interest in cooperation. This research uses a qualitative approach and descriptive and comparative methods with data collection techniques through literature study and online search. The thesis finds an increase in the role of the United States in strengthening Indonesia's maritime security in 2009-2019 after the presence of the Global Maritime Fulcrum policy. This increase is accommodated by and is based on the pursuit of the national interests of each party.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: </strong>Keamanan maritim merupakan salah satu isu yang dianggap penting oleh Amerika Serikat. Peranan Amerika Serikat dalam sektor maritim merupakan salah satu upaya pemenuhan kepentingan nasional negara. Hal tersebut mendorong Amerika Serikat menjalin kerja sama dengan negara yang memiliki kondisi geopolitik strategis seperti Indonesia. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai kepentingan Amerika Serikat dalam sektor keamanan maritim Indonesia, peran Amerika Serikat dalam sektor keamanan maritim Indonesia dan pertimbangan Indonesia untuk menjalin kerja sama dengan Amerika Serikat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan perbandingan peran Amerika Serikat dalam sektor kemaritiman Indonesia di periode Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono II dan Joko Widodo I. Teori neoclassical-realism dan neo-realism menjelaskan bahwa Hubungan Internasional dapat terjadi karena dorongan kepentingan nasional. Sesuai dengan kenyataan, Indonesia juga memiliki kepentingan dalam kerja sama tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif serta metode deskriptif dan komparatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka dan penelusuran daring. Terdapat tiga hasil analisis dalam penelitian ini yang merupakan jawaban dari rumusan masalah yang dibuat oleh penulis. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan adanya peningkatan peran Amerika Serikat dalam memperkuat keamanan maritim Indonesia tahun 2009-2019 setelah adanya kebijakan Global Maritime Fulcrum. Peningkatan ini diwadahi oleh dan dilandasi tujuan untuk memperjuangkan kepentingan nasional masing-masing pihak terkait.</p>

scholarly journals CAMEROON’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE AFRICAN UNION’S SECURITY PLAN (2000-2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Jean Cottin Kouma
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Regional Approach ◽  
Unilateral Approach ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The World

The article addresses the question of how a regional approach to dealing with current safety threats could contribute to the consolidation of security and stability in Cameroon, and Africa as a whole. The problem with states like Cameroon is that they are no longer able to fulfill some of their official functions and are consequently powerless against new security threats. Some of those threats are temporary phenomena, however, other dangers, such as poverty growth or environmental degradation, are more chronic issues. Therefore, in order to cope with the latter, efforts should be made to reinforce regional structures. The author presents a different approach to explaining the relevance of cooperation, particularly in the field of security, and looks at it from the perspective of the institutionalist theory. Relying on the anarchic conception of the world, which is similar to the realistic conception, institutionalists see the role of co-operation in reducing uncertainty and mistrust between states. As confrontation and struggle for power lead only to a situation of constant uncertainty, states have to seek an appropriate way to reduce this insecurity by establishing institutional structures, common rules and standards in order to further regulate their coexistence and interactions. However, the evolution of international relations from unilateralism to a system of stable alliances would only be possible if cooperation is more advantageous than the unilateral approach. In other words, Cameroon's decision to integrate community structures and adhere to a number of principles and rules is, in the first place, in its national interests.

International Recommendatory Instruments in the Russian Legal System: Limits and Possibilities of Application

10.12737/7547 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Анна Каширкина ◽  
Anna Kashirkina ◽  
Андрей Морозов ◽  
Andrey Morozov
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
National Interests ◽  
International Recommendation ◽  
The Russian Federation

In the scientific article discusses issues related to the nature, the main characteristics and features of international acts of recommendation. Analyzes the legal problems arising from the application of international recommendation acts in contemporary international relations. Explores the role of international organizations in the development of various acts of recommendation. Substantiates the growing influence of international acts on the recommendation of the legal system, including the Russian Federation. Contains proposals for the establishment of an effective mechanism for the use of international acts of recommendation, taking into account the legal system of the Russian Federation, its constitutional principles and the protection of national interests.

scholarly journals Neo-classical Realism in International Relations

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Jalal Dehghani Firoozabadi ◽  
Mojtaba Zare Ashkezari
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
International System ◽  
Policy Studies ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Classical Realism ◽  
Distribution Of Power

<p>Neo-classical realism is result of foreign policy studies through studying both structure of international system and domestic factors and their complex interactions with each other. The main goal of neoclassical realism is to find out how distribution of power in international system, motivations and subjective structures of states toward international system shape their foreign policy. Neo-classical realists reject the idea of neo-realism in which it is argued that systemic pressures will immediately affect behaviours of units. They believe that the extend of systemic effects on states behaviour depends on relative power and also internal factors of states in anarchical system. This article is to study how neo-classical realism applies assumptions such as anarchy, effects of structure-agent, role of power in creating behaviours, national interests, survival and security in order to analyse international politics.</p>

Small States: A Tool for Analysis?

1975 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter R. Baehr
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Small States ◽  
Elementary Stage

The usefulness of the concept of “small states” as an analytical tool is discussed in a review of books by Edward Azar and Marshall Singer. The size of states has both domestic and international ramifications. Authors who use the concept of “small states” struggle with the problem of defining it. Such definitions can be clear and unambiguous but arbitrary at the same time; more sophisticated definitions are also more ambiguous and difficult to apply to concrete cases. Inquiry into the role of small states in international politics is shown to be still in a very elementary stage. Although there does of course exist a continuum of size of states in international relations, small states form too broad a category for purposes of analysis.

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