scholarly journals Pakistan’s Internal Security Dilemma: Strategic Dimension

2016 ◽  
Vol I (II) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ahmed Sohail ◽  
Bakht Mahwish ◽  
Hussan Sumbal
Keyword(s):  
Political Instability ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Peace Agreements ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Soviet Invasion ◽  
State Of Affairs

The paper reflects on Pakistan's complex security situation and the causes of current challenges that Pakistan is facing due to vacillating foreign policies. It also reviews the role of factors that contributed towards the instability of the country. After Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Pakistan involved in a proxy war and trained Mujahideen to liberate Afghanistan. In 1980's sectarianism floored the state, and since it has rooted in Pakistani society. The country brokered several Post-Soviet peace agreements between different militaristic groups in Afghanistan but in vain. Finally, it recognized Taliban for the cause of peace (though temporary) on its Western border. After 9/11 the country had to reluctantly take a "U" turn on its Afghan policy under immense US pressure. This swing of policy opened a Pandora-box for the country i.e. terrorism, Jihadist, ethnicity, sectarianism, economic and political instability in Pakistan. In this state of affairs corruption, deteriorating law and order situation, political instability and economic fragility, variables of internal security, act as key factors in a peaceful solution of conflicts.

Legal management models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Осинцев ◽  
Dmitriy Osintsev
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Management Procedure ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The Law ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Mind

In this book there is not a single definition, as is typical for publications on traditional jurisprudence, here legal thinking is presented in its development, based not on abstract philosophizing and attempts to connect the legal life of society with the rigid framework of scientific laws. The preceding line of legal thinking is a ceaseless discussion of how to approach the understanding of law, otherwise the collision of methodologies, but not philosophizing, but discipline of the mind aimed at ensuring law and order is needed, therefore the way of working in the legal sphere is always dogmatic - exact and unquestioning execution of regulations supported by various security, guarantee, jurisdictional, deterrent and other means, while even changing the prescription itself is definitely subject to from dogma enshrined in procedural procedural rules. Mankind builds the law and official jurisprudence in order not to be distracted each time to clarify the content and meaning of these phenomena. The right acts as a guideline of life positions of interested parties to the relationship. The law does not change the state of affairs that naturally took shape, does not create new laws of nature, economics, social life, etc., but can give them an official style, and nothing more. The norms of law do not coexist along with other social norms, but give them socially significant official status, replace them, and also create innovations in the regulation of social activity. The right is a sign form of government invested with legal constructions, and the form is transformed. The right is accepted by society methods of invasion of the established socio-cultural situation and giving it a kind of conservative tradition after changing the natural course of affairs and replacing it with the normative management procedure.

A Helpful Fixer in a Hard Place: Canadian Mediation in the U.S. Confrontation with Cuba

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-35
Author(s):  
Asa McKercher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cuban Revolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trading Partner ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Hard Place

With the breakdown of relations between Washington and Havana after the Cuban revolution in 1959, officials in Ottawa found themselves in an unenviable position. Increasingly, Canadian diplomats and politicians felt caught between, on one side, their most important ally and trading partner, and, on the other, a country that had not caused harm to Canada in any significant way. Alarmed by this state of affairs, Canadian officials on several occasions considered mediating the dispute between Cuba and the United States. Ultimately, however, policymakers in Ottawa stopped short of taking this step, largely because they recognized that their U.S. allies disapproved of mediation. Many historians, in playing up the differences between Canadian and U.S. foreign policies toward Cuba, have ignored Canada's caution in choosing an independent stance. This article shows that in dealings over Cuba, Canadian officials were mindful both of Canada's limited capabilities and of its position as a close ally of the United States.

scholarly journals U.S DRONE STRATEGY IN WAR AGAINST TERRORISM AND ITS REPERCUSSIONS ON PAKISTAN’S NATIONAL SECURITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Zubaida Aziz, Dr. Rani Erum
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
International Law ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
The Us

Respective research intended to examine the effect of the US drone strategy on Pakistan’s national security. It is based on the diverse opinion of analysts some of whom suggest that these incursions were the clear defilement of International Law and sovereignty of Pakistan thus enhancing resentment provoking more terrorism. Others argue the effectiveness of drone attacks against terrorists. Though unpopular these strikes have helped U.S. counterterrorism efforts in Pakistan. As a partner of America in the war against terror, Pakistan is being adversely affected by this strategy. It has resulted in not only civilian casualties but has further provoked terrorists to retaliate thus affecting internal security and law and order concerns of Pakistan. Should these strikes continue or be abandoned altogether or be brought within a prescribed format is now the issue of concern. This will be dealt with considering various approaches, implications, and regulations

Law and Order Blues

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don Weatherburn
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Effectiveness Evaluation ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Crime Problem ◽  
Serious Crime ◽  
Australian State ◽  
Political Responses ◽  
State Of Affairs

This paper discusses law and order politics and policy in Australia. It challenges the conventional criminological wisdom that Australia does not have a serious crime problem. It argues that, while political responses to crime are all too frequently irrational, this is not because Australian state and territory governments so often rely on punitive law and order policies. Australian law and order policy is irrational because it usually lacks any clear rationale, is rarely subjected to any effectiveness or cost-effectiveness evaluation, frequently ignores the possibility of unintended side-effects and is occasionally founded on a misdiagnosis of the crime problem that prompts it. The paper concludes by discussing various explanations for this state of affairs and what can be done about it.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Oder–Neisse line status in British and American historiography (1945–1990)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Kaviaka
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
World War ◽  
Western Border ◽  
Post War ◽  
Definition Of

The article analyzes British and American historical records dealing with the Polish-German border after World War II. The establishment of the Polish-German border along the Oder-Neisse line was one of the most widely debated topics in Germany’s post-war history. The article reviews the opinions of British and American historians. It analyzes different periods in the development of both histographies relating to the Polish western border, and discusses the main and key factors that had led to the evolution of the definition of the Oder-Neisse line as the Polish-German border.

scholarly journals Geopolitics of Religion: How Does Religion Influence International Relations and States’ Foreign Policies?

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Hichem Kadri ◽  
El Fatih Abdullahi Abdelsalam
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Regional Powers ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
Foreign Policies ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
The Cost

Undoubtedly, religion is one of the main factors that increasingly contribute to the shaping of international relations. As it was in the European middle ages, religion and geopolitics have always had ties of one sort or another. Imperialism and nationalist doctrines have found purpose and justification in religious differences and, religious zealotry was functioned to be both cause and consequence of the concentration of state power and the rivalries among existing competitors. The involvement of numerous religious groups and movements in the political scene led the situation to be extremely complicated. The purpose of this article is to see to what extent religion as a soft power has a role in forming international politics. Also, to discuss the role the superpowers and regional powers play in dealing with the question of religious issues. With an argument that these issues including religious conflicts are led by international and regional powers which function these groups in a proxy war to be part of their rivalry overpower, and to achieve their national interests through their foreign policies at the cost of considerable environmental degradation and a massive death toll of people.

scholarly journals Departmental media in the information support system of the internal troops of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia in the late XX – early XXI century

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Periodical Press ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
The North ◽  
Internal Affairs

The article defines the role and place of departmental mass media in the system of information support of internal troops the main power component of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in 1992–2016 in ensuring law and order and internal security of the state. Special attention is paid to the activity of periodical press of internal troops to inform soldiers who took part in counter-terrorist operations in the North Caucasian region of Russia. The peculiarities of the activities of the departmental mass media of the Interior Troops of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs are studied by defining the main stages of their development, the most important thematic areas, revealing, in addition to information and educational functions of these publications, the specifics of military journalists’ work to collect material in hot spots. As a result of the study, data were obtained indicating that the departmental print media played an important role in the system of information support for the internal troops and contributed to the strengthening of the moral and psychological condition of military personnel and, as a result, to the successful performance of tasks of the internal troops to combat gangs in the North Caucasus. The results given in the article are based on the pieces of work of domestic researchers, regulatory legal acts of Russian legislation, as well as publications of departmental mass media, the author’s own practical experience as a correspondent of departmental mass media of the internal troops.

scholarly journals Fragility of Labor and Employment in the Modern World

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-71
Author(s):  
Irina L. Sizova ◽  
Irina A. Grigoryeva
Keyword(s):  
Modern World ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Actual Distribution ◽  
Employment System ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Labor System ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Social Labor

This article reveals the key factors (economic, technological, demographic, socio-cultural, gender) and the ongoing/emerging changes in the social and labor system of society. Changes affect all spheres and contexts without exception (labor market, organization and working conditions, population employment system, management and labor processes, content, workplace culture and ethics.) At the same time, they are often contradictory, and not necessarily tangible, perceived or evaluated as changes. Multiplicity and scale, acceleration and capacity of changes form the conditions for the development of a new quality of the system — its fragility. The fragility is understood as the actual distribution of essentially new and uncontrolled processes and phenomena within the social labor system behind the external facade of its integrity and stability. Experts and politicians everywhere are asking questions about whether it is possible to overcome the current state of affairs and what the future is going to be for social labor and employment. It is important for the scientific community to determine the principles of theoretical analysis and the means of modern labor sphere investigating.

Article 72 TFEU

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Kellerbauer
Keyword(s):  
Law And Order ◽  
Member States ◽  
Internal Security

Article 64(1) EC and ex Article 33 TEU This Title shall not affect the exercise of the responsibilities incumbent upon Member States with regard to the maintenance of law and order and the safeguarding of internal security.

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