Automated Functional Color Field Tester (FCFTester) Trends and Reproducibility – A Multicenter Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 293-301
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Color Field ◽  
Present Pilot Study

Background: The present study was designed to assess a protocol for investigating normative trends of kinetic color visual field sizes and reproducibility of such utilizing the Automated Functional Color Field Tester (FCFTester). Methods: The participants were recruited at three clinical sites. The participants were screened for the study based on a questionnaire designed by the authors to help assess the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 116 adult-only participants, however, only those reporting White race (n = 106) were used for statistical analysis. The mean age was 35.8 (std = 14) and nearly 70% of the sample was female. Results: This study demonstrated that kinetic visual field sizes across all four color isopters are not influenced by gender (p = 0.96) nor eye tested (p = 0.46). Only a slight difference in mean visual field sizes was found between the three clinical sites ranging from less than 2.5 degrees when the target was blue or green to less than 1.5 degrees for white or red targets. Overall, age had limited, yet significant, influence on kinetic field sizes likely related to the relatively young age of our participants. A significant difference in mean field size existed when comparing the four color isopters with an ascending order of green, red, blue, and white. This pattern was consistent across the three testing sites. Variability in field size for each color isopter was slight across the three clinical sites. Conclusion: The present pilot study shows promise that a protocol can be established to provide reproducible data and normative trends in kinetic color visual field testing. The authors recognize that this should be achievable with further refinement of the current testing protocol.

scholarly journals Differences in Demographic and Radiographic Characteristics between Patients with Visible and Invisible T1 Slopes on Lateral Cervical Radiographic Images

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Sadayuki Ito ◽  
Hiroaki Nakashima ◽  
Akiyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Kei Ando ◽  
Masaaki Machino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Vertical Axis ◽  
Sagittal Vertical Axis ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
T1 Slope ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Flexion And Extension

Introduction: The T1 slope is important for cervical surgical planning, and it may be invisible on radiographic images. The prevalence of T1 invisible cases and the differences in demographic and radiographic characteristics between patients whose T1 slopes are visible or invisible remains unexplored. Methods: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the differences in these characteristics between outpatients whose T1 slopes were visible or invisible on radiographic images. Patients (n = 60) who underwent cervical radiography, whose T1 slope was confirmed clearly, were divided into the visible (V) group and invisible (I) group. The following radiographic parameters were measured: (1) C2-7 sagittal vertical axis (SVA), (2) C2-7 angle in neutral, flexion, and extension positions. Results: Based on the T1 slope visibility, 46.7% of patients were included in group I. The I group had significantly larger C2-7 SVA than the V group for males (p < 0.05). The C2-7 SVA tended to be larger in the I group, without significant difference for females (p = 0.362). Discussion: The mean C2-7 angle in neutral and flexion positions was not significantly different between the V and I groups for either sex. The mean C2-7 angle in the extension position was greater in the V group. The T1 slope was invisible in males with high C2-7 SVA.

Validating the usefulness of sectorwise regression of visual field in the central 10°

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317391
Author(s):  
Takashi Omoto ◽  
Hiroshi Murata ◽  
Yuri Fujino ◽  
Masato Matsuura ◽  
Takehiro Yamashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Mean Absolute Error ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Points

AimTo evaluate the usefulness of the application of the clustering method to the trend analysis (sectorwise regression) in comparison with the pointwise linear regression (PLR).MethodsThis study included 153 eyes of 101 patients with open-angle glaucoma. With PLR, the total deviation (TD) values of the 10th visual field (VF) were predicted using the shorter VF sequences (from first 3 to 9) by extrapolating TD values against time in a pointwise manner. Then, 68 test points were stratified into 29 sectors. In each sector, the mean of TD values was calculated and allocated to all test points belonging to the sector. Subsequently, the TD values of the 10th VF were predicted by extrapolating the allocated TD value against time in a pointwise manner. Similar analyses were conducted to predict the 11th–16th VFs using the first 10 VFs.ResultsWhen predicting the 10th VF using the shorter sequences, the mean absolute error (MAE) values were significantly smaller in the sectorwise regression than in PLR. When predicting from the 11th and 16th VFs using the first 10 VFs, the MAE values were significantly larger in the sectorwise regression than in PLR when predicting the 11th VF; however, no significant difference was observed with other VF predictions.ConclusionAccurate prediction was achieved using the sectorwise regression, in particular when a small number of VFs were used in the prediction. The accuracy of the sectorwise regression was not hampered in longer follow-up compared with PLR.

The Effect of Visual Attention Factors on Visual Field Testing for Maintenance of Gaze Fixation

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 701-704
Author(s):  
Jihyoung Lee ◽  
Younggeun Choi ◽  
Xiaopeng Yang ◽  
Gunhee Oh ◽  
Minjae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Visual Field Testing ◽  
Black Dot ◽  
Fixation Rate ◽  
Gaze Fixation ◽  
Subjective Satisfaction ◽  
Eye Fatigue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bipolar Scale

The maintenance of gaze fixation during visual field testing is needed to accurately measure the functionality of the optic nerve. The present study is intended to analyze the performance of gaze fixation and evaluate five gaze fixation induction methods (GFIM) including black dot (BD; conventional method), changing color dot (CCD), alphanumeric characters (AC), flashing black dot (FBD), and bulls-eye with cross hair (BECH). Recruiting 32 participants (16 in 20s and 16 in 30s), the experiment was conducted in four steps: (1) preparation, (2) exercising the visual field testing, (3) main experiment for five GFIMs, and (4) debriefing. The performance of gaze fixation was analyzed in terms of correct fixation rate (CFR), and subjective satisfaction was evaluated in terms of ease of gaze fixation (EGF), eye fatigue (EF), and overall satisfaction (OS) using a 11-point Likert bipolar scale. The CFRs of the four new GFIMs were all higher than that of BD (BD = 86.7%, CCD = 87.9%, AC = 88.8%, FBD = 91.5%, and BECH = 88.0%). However, there was no statistically significant difference among the CFR averages of the five GFIMs, but the variances of CFR of the newly proposed GFIMs were all lower than that of BD. The subjective satisfaction of BECH (EGF = 2.0, EF = -0.4, OS = 1.6) was highest. Therefore, BECH was recommended for an effective GFIM to maintain the examinee’s gaze fixation during a visual field testing in both aspects of the performance and the subjective satisfaction.

Size of the Visual Field in Collegiate Fast-Pitch Softball Players and Nonathletes

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1307-1312 ◽  
Author(s):  
William P. Berg ◽  
Suzanne M. Killian
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Division I ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Kinetic Perimetry ◽  
Skill Test ◽  
Batting Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine whether visual-field size differed between female Division I collegiate fast-pitch Softball players and female college students who were nonathletes. The relationship between visual-field size and batting performance among the softball players was also examined. 24 female undergraduate students (12 varsity fast-pitch softball players and 12 nonathletes) participated. The size of the visual field was measured via manual kinetic perimetry, and batting performance was assessed using a batting-skill test as well as batting averages for an entire competitive season. Analyses indicated that the mean visual-field size of softball players was significantly larger than that of nonathletes. However, there was no relationship between visual-field size and batting performance among the softball players. Results are discussed with respect to the origin of the superiority of visual-field size of softball players.

IMPURITY STATES IN SUPERCONDUCTING SYSTEMS WITH STRIPE LIKE MODULATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (01n03) ◽  
pp. 267-269
Author(s):  
TIANLONG XIA ◽  
QIANG HAN ◽  
YAN CHEN ◽  
Z. D. WANG ◽  
X.-G. LI
Keyword(s):  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Local Density ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Potential Scattering ◽  
Local Density Of States ◽  
Impurity States ◽  
Stripe Phase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Underdoped Region ◽  
The Mean

Based on the extended Hubbard model with the next nearest neighbor hopping term, we study the impurity states in a slightly underdoped (with 0.13 hole) system with competition between d-wave superconductivity and antiferromagnetism by solving the mean field Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations self-consistently. Nickel and Zinc impurities are studied respectively using the potential scattering impurity (PSI) model and the Anderson impurity (AI) model. The significant difference in their local density of states may be useful to predict the impurity states in the stripe phase of the superconductors in the slightly underdoped region.

scholarly journals Creating an English Computer Game as an Interactive Material in Teaching English to Young Learner (TEYL)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Aprilian Ria Adisti
Keyword(s):  
Lesson Plan ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Young Learner ◽  
Learning English

This study aims at explaining the interactive materials that were needed in Teaching English to Young Learner, creating an English computer game into an interactive material, and examining the effective of the implementation of an English computer game as an interactive material in Teaching English to Young Learner to the first-grade students of elementary school. The study used Research and Development (R&D) adapted from Hutchinson and Water (1987:53-56) and by Borg and Gall (1985). The study had seven stages, they were: (1) conducting a need analysis of the first-grade students, (2) writing the course grid such as lesson plan and map of interactive material, (3) developing preliminary form of English computer game, (4) preliminary field testing by English teacher, English learning expert, and ICT learning expert, (5) revising the English computer game, (6) trying out, and (7) writing the final draft of the use of English computer game for Teaching English to Young Learners. The result of the study showed that students got better achievement in learning English. It could be seen from the result between pre-test and post-test using t-test formula. The result showed t value > t table; 7.165 > 2.021, it meant that there was a significant difference between pre-test and post-test. The post-test was higher that pre-test. The mean of pre-test was 65.2 while the mean of post-test was 87.44. It was also strengthened by the result of the interview which concluded that students liked learning English through this interactive material. 

scholarly journals Melanocytic lesions: A pilot study using dual HMB-45/Ki67 staining with a new depth measurement to aid diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell J Johnston ◽  
Phuoc-Tan Diep
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Distance Ratio ◽  
Depth Measurement ◽  
Pigmented Lesions ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Malignant Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hmb 45

Diagnostic pitfalls have been widely documented on atypical naevi, a group of pigmented lesions that occupy a grey portion between benign and malignant variants. As malignant melanoma is associated with a high mortality rate it is vital we have a reliable diagnostic testing method for these challenging lesions. A pilot study was proposed using dual immunohistochemistry staining with a new depth measurement, the Lancaster depth, to develop a validating tool to measure difficult atypical lesions against. The Lancaster depth was recorded for 68 pigmented lesions; 34 benign and 34 malignant, where measurement was taken from the granular layer to the deepest HMB-45/Ki67 dual stained melanocyte. This measurement was compared against the established Breslow depth measurement where the distance between the two was of interest. The mean malignant Lancaster depth at 1.51mm was higher than that of the benign at 0.12mm. There was a statistically significant difference of 1.40mm, P = <.001. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean Lancaster and Breslow depths in both malignant and benign lesions. In the malignant group this was 0.28mm, P = <.001 compared to the benign which was 1.07mm, P = <.001. A narrow distance ratio between the two depths indicated a malignant diagnosis. A wider distance ratio was indicative of a benign diagnosis. As a diagnostic validator the Lancaster depth shows promises but has limitations as a standalone model. Working in conjunction with the Breslow depth we potentially have a useful adjunct to accurately diagnose difficult atypical lesions.

Effect of Distributed Versus Massed Practice on Reaction Time in Collegiate Volleyball Players: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Negi ◽  
SD Shahanawaz ◽  
Priya Chauhan ◽  
Basudeo Rajbhor
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Distributed Practice ◽  
P Value ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Introduction: Reaction Time (RT) is the time taken by an individual to respond to external stimuli. It is one of the most important determinant ability in sports like Volleyball. Shorter RT leads to higher performance and success in Volleyball. Two types of training methods, massed and distributed practice have been used in researches to improve RT and other sports related skills in sports. In massed practice, there is persistent workout with hardly any rest periods even of minimal time period relative to the work interval while in distributed practice; it is interspersed with rest or other skill learning. There are mixed evidences on effectiveness of these practice methods which has led to the present study. Aim: To find the effect of distributed practice and massed practice in terms of RT among collegiate volleyball players. Materials and Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental pilot study that was conducted at the volleyball academy Gurugram, Haryana, India from September 2019 to December 2019. A total of 30 players, aged 18-22 years, from college volleyball team were invited to participate in the study. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received massed practice (n=15), and group B received distributed practice (n=15) for 40 minutes, four days a week for four weeks. Players who were practicing daily for one hour were included in this study and they were excluded if they had any condition that limited their participation in the study or if they are suffering from any type of orthopaedic or neurological illness. RT was measured using Ruler Drop Test (RDT) and Red Light Green Light Test (RLGL). Data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 for statistical analysis. Results: The mean pre and post data of Group A, for RDT was 0.16 and 0.12 seconds, respectively; of Group B, it was 0.16 and 0.13. The mean pre and post data of Group A for RLGL was 0.42 and 0.38 seconds, respectively; Group B data for RLGL pre and post was 0.39 and 0.37 seconds, respectively. Both the groups showed significant improvement in scores of RDT (p-value for Group A=0.01, Group B=0.05) and RLGL (p-value for Group A=0.01, Group B=0.01) measured by the paired sample t-test (p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in between group analysis measured by independent sample t-test (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that both massed and distributed practice was helpful in improving RT of collegiate volleyball players. As there was no significant difference between the two groups, consequently which practice method is superior in improving RT in collegiate volleyball players could not be stated.

scholarly journals Urinary N-telopeptide: The New Diagnostic Test for Osteoporosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. e1-e4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesan Ganesan ◽  
Phagal Vijayaraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Dxa Scan ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Context Osteoporosis is a silent disease until it is complicated by trivial fall fractures. There is an increasing interest within the orthopaedic community in the noninvasive cost-effective measurement of the bone mineral density. Aims The aim of the study is to assess whether urinary N-telopeptide level can be a new diagnostic tool in diagnosing osteoporosis. Methods and Material This prospective study was done at Sri Ramachandra Medical Centre (SRMC) hospital from October 2015 to October 2017. The study was conducted among patients who comes to SRMC as inpatient or outpatient with suspected osteoporosis and underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan and urinary N-telopeptide. The inclusion criteria were women aged 65 or older, women aged less than 65 with risk factors, younger postmenopausal women with one or more risk factors, men aged 70 or older, men less than 70 with risk factors, and any above group patients who comes within 24 hours following trivial fall fractures. The exclusion criteria were pathological fracture, history of any illness affecting bone metabolism. The results from DXA scan were taken as gold standard against urinary N-telopeptide. Then the patients were divided into two groups control and study. The control group contains patients who had normal DXA, while study group contains patients having either osteopenia or osteoporosis. Based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 110 persons were included in the study. We had 60 study and 50 controls patients. We had 88 females and 22 males. The results obtained were statistically analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used The collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS statistics software 23.0 version. To describe about the data descriptive statistics frequency analysis, percentage analysis was used for categorical variables and the mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables. To find the significant difference between the bivariate samples in independent groups, the unpaired sample t-test was used. To find the significance in categorical data, chi-square test was used. In both the earlier statistical tools, the probability value of 0.05 is considered as significant level. Results In our study, we had 18.2% osteopenic and 36.4% osteoporotic patients. The mean value of urinary N-telopeptide in control was 49.8 and in case was 182.5. The standard deviation of urinary N-telopeptide value in case was 159.9. Conclusion Urinary N-telopeptide can give reproducible results and be able to assist in the evaluation of the quantity as well as the quality and be a good judge of someone's risk of fracture. Hence, urinary N-telopeptide can be used as a diagnostic tool for diagnosing osteoporosis.

NON-ABELIAN PERMITTIVITY OF QUARK–GLUON PLASMA DUE TO THE SELF-INTERACTION OF FIELD

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 1843-1849 ◽  
Author(s):  
JI-SHENG CHEN ◽  
JIA-RONG LI
Keyword(s):  
Quark Gluon Plasma ◽  
Kinetic Equations ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Nonlinear Frequency ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Coupling Constant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Color Field ◽  
Mean Field Equation

From the semiclassical kinetic equations and the mean field equation of quark–gluon plasma, the contribution of the color field self-coupling to the non-Abelian permittivity at the leading order in the weak coupling constant is analyzed. The nonlinear frequency drift has been estimated for the k=0 modes.

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