scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF MANIFESTATION OF THE SKIN FORM OF LEISHMANIASIS OF MAXILLOFACIAL LOCALIZATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
M.G. Skikevych ◽  
L.I. Voloshyna
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
The Face

Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease in humans. Simple intracellular parasites cause the disease. Risk factors: socio-economic conditions, poverty. The disease is associated with malnutrition, with population displacement, with poor housing conditions, with a weak immune system, poor sanitary conditions, and lack of waste disposal. Up to 1 million new infections and up to 65,000 deaths from this disease occur annually. About 95% of cases of skin form disease occur in the countries of the American continent. Leishmaniasis occurs in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. The carriers of this disease are female mosquitoes. In the mosquito, parasites are in flagellate form. The natural reservoirs of Leishmania can be around 70 species of animals and humans. Infection occurs through mosquito saliva. After a bite, the parasite invades human mononuclear phagocytes. There may be infection of a person in contact with ulcers and other types of damage. Veterinarians have noted a dramatically increasing number of cases of disease in domestic animals. The following forms are clinically distinguished: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, diffuse cutaneous and visceral forms of leishmaniasis. After the disease develops, a stable immunity to this particular type of leishmaniasis develops. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form. Ulcers form in open areas of the body. Typical places of localization: face, ears, knees, elbows. Some nodules may have a warty surface or resemble xanthomas, keloids. After healing of these ulcers, scars remain for life. The nasopharynx, oral cavity, or nasal mucosa can be affected without destroying the nasal septum. For cutaneous leishmaniasis, the formation of an infectious granuloma is also characteristic. Treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis can be local or systemic, depending on the damage and pathogen. Local treatment is suitable for minor and uncomplicated lesions. Local treatment options: heat therapy, cryotherapy. Systemic therapy is used in patients with multiple extensive rashes. Patient K. turned to the maxillofacial department. The patient came home to Ukraine for the purpose of diagnosis and treatment. The patient works in Poland at a construction site. According to the patient, several courses of treatment. The treatment had no result. The pharmacotherapy of our Polish colleagues is not known to us. Clinically: superficial skin lesions on the face. On the face are three ulcers of different sizes. Two ulcers on the cheeks and one on the nose. Palpation of the edges of the ulcers is very painful. Diagnostic search for the etiology of this process. Consultation of a rheumatologist  ̶ the goal of eliminating Wegener's disease, rheumatological diseases. Hematologist consultation  ̶ exclude hematology. Infectionist consultation  ̶ rule out parasitic diseases. Laboratory examination: biochemical blood test, immunogram, rheumatic tests. CT scan of the abdomen. Consultation of a parasitologist. The diagnosis was not in doubt.The patient refused examination and treatment in the infectious diseases hospital. The further fate of this patient is not known to us. We want to draw the attention of doctors to the need for a thorough history taking. An epidemiological history is crucial in such cases. Treatment of leishmaniasis is long and toxic. No method of treatment gives 100% of the result. The choice of treatment method will depend on the type of pathogen and the geographical location of the infection.This disease can be brought by tourists, students from relevant countries of the world to Ukraine.

scholarly journals Esophageal Sarcoidosis: A Review of Cases and an Update

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albin Abraham ◽  
Rabab Hajar ◽  
Ravi Virdi ◽  
Jaspreet Singh ◽  
Paul Mustacchia
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Cranial Neuropathy ◽  
Esophageal Wall ◽  
Esophageal Involvement ◽  
Extrinsic Compression ◽  
Chronic Disorder ◽  
Noncaseating Granulomas ◽  
Future Therapy

Sarcoidosis is a chronic disorder that can virtually affect any organ system in the body. Histologically, it is characterized by the presence of T lymphocytes, mononuclear phagocytes, and noncaseating granulomas. Most commonly affected are the intrathoracic structures, with 90% of the reported cases involving the lungs. Esophageal involvement in sarcoidosis is extremely rare. Dysphagia is the most common presentation in these patients and can be attributed to various mechanisms such as direct esophageal wall infiltration, extrinsic compression, cranial neuropathy, and brainstem involvement. A thorough online literature review revealed only 23 reported cases of esophageal involvement in sarcoidosis. This paper reviews these reported cases in detail along with newer diagnostic and treatment options, including direction of future therapy.

scholarly journals Extensive Lepromatous Lymphadenitis Preceding Lesions on the Face and Earlobes: An Unusual Presentation of Leprosy in Singapore

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Shi Yao Sam Yang ◽  
Wai Mun Sean Leong ◽  
Cruz Maria Teresa Kasunuran ◽  
Jing Xiang Huang ◽  
Sue-Ann Ju Ee Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
The Face

Leprosy is also known as Hansen disease, as in some countries the diagnosis of leprosy carries a negative stigma and patients fear being shunned as outcasts. Presently, leprosy is primarily limited to specific geographical regions in resource-poor countries. As a result, there is increased difficulty for the younger generation of physicians today to correctly identify leprosy due to a lack of exposure and a low-index of suspicion, particularly in developed countries. In this case, the indurated lesions over the face demonstrated a preference for the outer lateral aspects over the maxillary areas, the nose bridge, and the pinna of the ears consistent with the organism’s preference for cooler regions of the body. This was also evident in the other skin lesions affecting the more acral regions of the limbs in the early stage of disease progression. There is a need to keep this infective condition as an alternate diagnosis to all unusual cutaneous lesions.

scholarly journals A case of Trixacarus caviae mange in a guinea pig (Caviaporcellus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. PERRAKI (Μ. ΠΕΡΡΑΚΗ) ◽  
M. SARIDOMICHELAKIS (Μ. ΣΑΡΙΔΟΜΙΧΕΛΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
C. KOUTINAS (X. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
A. KOUTINAS (Α. ΚΟΥΤΙΝΑΣ) ◽  
M. PAPAZACHARIADOU (Μ. ΠΑΠΑΖΑΧΑΡΙΑΔΟΥ)
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cavia Porcellus ◽  
The Past ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Animal Medicine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pruritic Skin

A male, peruvian, 1.5-years old, guinea pig {Cavia porcellus) was admitted to the Clinic of Companion Animal Medicine with a history of intensively pruritic skin lesions lasting for the past two months. Physical examination disclosed hypotrichosis, erythema, hyperpigmentation, scales, crusts, ulcers and papules in a focal to diffuse pattern on both the dorsal and ventral aspects of the body trunk. Whenever the handling of the animal was attempted, it started vocalizing, cycling and rolling in a frenzy manner. Pruritic papules were also observed on some parts of the glabrous skin of the owner. The diagnosis of Trixacarus caviae mange was based on the observation of the parasite in superficial skin scrapings. The subcutaneous administration of three weekly ivermectin injections, at the dose of 0.4 mg/Kg BW, resulted in the disappearance of the lesions and pruritus within a six-week period.

scholarly journals Interpretability of a Deep Learning Based Approach for the Classification of Skin Lesions into Main Anatomic Body Sites

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6048
Author(s):  
Joanna Jaworek-Korjakowska ◽  
Andrzej Brodzicki ◽  
Bill Cassidy ◽  
Connah Kendrick ◽  
Moi Hoon Yap
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Face

Over the past few decades, different clinical diagnostic algorithms have been proposed to diagnose malignant melanoma in its early stages. Furthermore, the detection of skin moles driven by current deep learning based approaches yields impressive results in the classification of malignant melanoma. However, in all these approaches, the researchers do not take into account the origin of the skin lesion. It has been observed that the specific criteria for in situ and early invasive melanoma highly depend on the anatomic site of the body. To address this problem, we propose a deep learning architecture based framework to classify skin lesions into the three most important anatomic sites, including the face, trunk and extremities, and acral lesions. In this study, we take advantage of pretrained networks, including VGG19, ResNet50, Xception, DenseNet121, and EfficientNetB0, to calculate the features with an adjusted and densely connected classifier. Furthermore, we perform in depth analysis on database, architecture, and result regarding the effectiveness of the proposed framework. Experiments confirm the ability of the developed algorithms to classify skin lesions into the most important anatomical sites with 91.45% overall accuracy for the EfficientNetB0 architecture, which is a state-of-the-art result in this domain.

scholarly journals Psycho-social impacts, experiences and perspectives of patients with Cutaneous Leishmaniasis regarding treatment options and case management: An exploratory qualitative study in Tunisia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242494
Author(s):  
Aicha Boukthir ◽  
Jihene Bettaieb ◽  
Astrid C. Erber ◽  
Hind Bouguerra ◽  
Rym Mallekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Management ◽  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Access To Treatment ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
The Impact

Although non-fatal and mostly self-healing in the case of Leishmania (L.) major, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is mainly treated to reduce lesion healing time. Less attention is paid to the improvement of scars, especially in aesthetically relevant areas of the body, which can dramatically affect patients’ wellbeing. We explored patients’ perspectives about treatment options and the social and psychological burden of disease (lesion and scar). Individual in-depth interviews were conducted with ten confirmed CL patients at two L. major endemic sites in Southern Tunisia (Sidi Bouzid and Gafsa). Participants were selected using a sampling approach along a spectrum covering e.g. age, sex, and clinical presentation. Patients’ experiences, opinions and preferences were explored, and their detailed accounts gave an insight on the impact of CL on their everyday lives. The impact of CL was found to be considerable. Most patients were not satisfied with treatment performance and case management. They expected a shorter healing time and better accessibility of the health system. Tolerance of the burden of disease was variable and ranged from acceptance of hidden scars to suicidal thoughts resulting from the fear to become handicapped, and the stress caused by close relatives. Some believed CL to be a form of skin cancer. Unexpectedly, this finding shows the big gap between the perspectives of patients and assumptions of health professionals regarding this disease. This study provided valuable information for better case management emphasizing the importance of improving communication with patients, and accessibility to treatment. It generated context-specific knowledge to policy makers in Tunisia to implement effective case management in a country where access to treatment remains a challenge due to socio-economic and geographic barriers despite a long tradition in CL control.

Microsporum canis. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1965 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Tinea Unguium ◽  
The Face ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Bright Green

Abstract A description is provided for Microsporum canis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Primarily a pathogen of the cat and dog, frequently transmitted to man. Also recorded from the chimpanzee, chinchilla, fox, lion, monkey, pig, rabbit, sheep and tiger. Experimental animals are susceptible to infection. DISEASE: Ringworm (dermatophytosis, tinea). Infected hairs and animal claws usually fluoresce bright green under Wood's light and hairs are surrounded by ectothrix sheaths of small spores in a mosaic arrangement. In cats the lesions are usually inconspicuous. They may occur on any part of the body, but particularly the face and paws, and the whiskers and claws may be involved. In dogs infection is more noticeable, and is characterized by small circular areas of scaling and alopecia, sometimes with oedema and crust formation, on any part of the body. The claws may also be infected. Infections in dogs have a well defined seasonal incidence with a peak in Oct. -Feb., but the incidence in cats is poorly defined (Kaplan & Ivens, Sabouraudia 1: 91-102, 1961). In man the scalp (tinea capitis), glabrous skin (tinea corporis), and rarely the beard (tinea barbae), foot (tinea pedis) and nails (tinea unguium, onychomycosis) may be infected (mycoses). Children are most susceptible, particularly to scalp infection which is very rare in adults. Scalp lesions are scaling, inflammatory areas containing broken hairs or with total hair loss. Pustulation and kerion formation are not uncommon. Skin lesions are circinate, with a scaling centre and vesicular border. Kligman (RMVM 1, 2510; 2, 2484) studied the pathogenesis of tinea capitis caused by M. canis. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa (Algeria, Angola, Cape Verde Islands, Egypt, French W. Africa, Sahara, Tunisia, Union of S. Africa); Asia (Ceylon, India, Philippines, Turkey); Australasia & Oceania (Australia (N.S.W.), New Zealand); Europe, North America, Central America and West Indies (Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico); South America (Argentina, Brazil (south of Pernambuco), Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela).

scholarly journals Sweet syndrome: a sweet disease with a bitter diagnosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 2863
Author(s):  
Eswar Ganti ◽  
Shalima Pinnamaneni ◽  
Santhosh Kumar A. ◽  
Syam Venkat K.
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neutrophilic Dermatosis ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Sweet Syndrome ◽  
Superficial Skin ◽  
Chief Complaints ◽  
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis

Sweet syndrome is an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis first described by Robert Douglas Sweet in 1964. Sweet syndrome presents in three clinical settings: classical (or idiopathic), malignancy-associated, and drug-induced. It has been associated with hematopoietic malignancies and myelodysplastic disorders. A-28-years married woman presented to us with chief complaints of Fever and Multiple swellings over the body since 2 months. At presentation she has Pallor; venous hum present. Multiple, tender, erythematous subcutaneous swellings, firm in consistency noted in both forearms. Skin over the swellings is pinchable; superficial skin is normal. Sweet syndrome can occasionally cause an intense systemic response involving the lungs, liver and musculoskeletal system. The skin lesions in Sweet syndrome typically start as erythematous papules, plaques, and nodules. The lesions can take on pseudovesicular or pseudopustular appearance, and sometimes fully formed vesicles or pustules develop. The lesions can be subcutaneous mimicking erythema nodosum which can’t be differentiated unless a biopsy is taken. Because the diagnosis of Sweet syndrome can be challenging, particularly when associated with other connective tissue disorders such as SLE, a set of diagnostic criteria were proposed initially by Su and Liu and then revised by Von den Driesch. The diagnosis is based upon the presence of two major and two of the four minor criteria. Concurrent Sweet syndrome and SLE are exceedingly rare. Twelve patients with both Sweet syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been previously reported. We report a case of sweet syndrome associated with SLE diagnosed in our hospital. In our patient, diagnostic criteria are satisfied for Sweet syndrome as well as for SLE (ACR criteria-patient had polyarthralgia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, ANA and Ds DNA positive. Four out of 11 are fulfilled for SLE). Patient responded to corticosteroids.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictors of Use of Herbal Medication for Dermatological Conditions in South-South Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Bolaji I. Otike-Odibi ◽  
Enu Timipre ◽  
Dasetima Altraide
Keyword(s):  
Skin Lesions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Dermatology Clinic ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Age Range

Aims:  To assess the prevalence of herbal use and factors that predispose (predictors). dermatology patients to the use of herbal preparations and medications at the Dermatology clinic of University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. Study Design: A descriptive cross sectional design was used. Place and Duration of Study: The Dermatology clinic in UPTH over a four-month period. (September 2020- December 2020). Methodology: Data was collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire designed by the study researchers. It consisted of demographic characteristics, dermatologic history and participant’s awareness, use, duration of use, outcome, side-effects and cost of remedy to herbal medications as well as overall satisfaction. Results: One hundred and seventy patients were recruited for the study over the four-month period. The age range was 1 to 75 years with mean age of 30.8years ±14.9   with a male to female ratio of 1:1.7. There were females 63.5%, with participants being mostly in their third decade 28.2%, single 65.3% with tertiary level of education 64.1%.  Most dermatologic lesions started as rashes 50.6%, itching 48.8% with the hands (48.2%) and the legs (47.6%) being the most affected parts of the body. 85% of participants were aware of herbal use and 37.6% had used them to treat dermatological lesions. Some herbs used include “gbogbonise”, ginger, garlic, paw-paw leaf, lemon, lime moringa and turmeric. Predictors for herbal use were lesions on the face and duration of skin lesions for (1-5 years).    Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of herbal use for dermatologic conditions in this locality with a female preponderance. Healing of dermatological lesions with the herbs was not recorded.  Duration of skin lesion and lesion location on the face were identified predictors of herbal use for dermatologic conditions in this locality. This study is important because it shows that people are interested in herbal treatments and8 are looking for suitable alternatives to medicinal oral and topical therapies.   

Impairment Tutorial: Dermatological Impairment Assessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
Laura Welch
Keyword(s):  
Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Contact Allergy ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Occupational Contact Dermatitis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Face

Abstract The main function of the skin is to protect the body that it encloses. Anatomically and physiologically, the skin's regions differ to the extent that skin is not one organ but a combination of multiple systems. The skin has a limited range of reaction patterns, but these may express a wide range of clinical syndromes. The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) states that the morphology of the lesion and the pattern of distribution suggest the differential diagnosis. Skin lesions can be characterized as macule, papule, change in pigmentation, plaque, erythema, or eczema. The evaluating physician should consider relevant characteristics, including: Is the condition localized or generalized? Does in involve the face or spare it? Does the condition involve or spare the palms and soles? Approximately 95% of occupational skin disease involves contact dermatitis from irritation, contact allergy, or both. The remaining instances usually arise from biological, physical, mechanical, or other miscellaneous causes. The AMA Guides directs the evaluating physician to complete a detailed work description and conduct a physical examination with biopsy or patch testing as needed. Because most cases of occupational contact dermatitis involve irritants, a systematic approach to examination of the skin and use of good dermatology tests can pinpoint the diagnosis in the majority of cases.

scholarly journals THE CASE OF SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF DISSEMINATED FORM OF ZOONOTIC CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS

2016 ◽  
pp. 90-93
Author(s):  
V. M. Mitsura ◽  
E. L. Krasavtsev ◽  
I. A. Razuvanova
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Multiple Ulcers ◽  
Rapid Relief

Objective: using a clinical case of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis to characterize the possibilities of its diagnosis and treatment options. Material and methods. Data on the medical history, clinical and laboratory parameters of the examination of the patient with a disseminated form of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied in comparison with data from literary sources. Results. The patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis was infected in Turkmenistan. Skin lesions (multiple ulcers, lymphangitis, edema) progressed and led to disability. After Itraconazole course failure, the treatment with Glucantime was prescribed, including its systemic and local (with Dimexidum) application, after which the local manifestations decreased significantly. Conclusion. Imported cases of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis into the Republic of Belarus have become more frequent. Doctors specializing in dermatology, infectious diseases, and general practitioners must know the principles of diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Combined systemic and local application of Glucantime can promote rapid relief of local symptoms.

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