scholarly journals Abdominal Tuberculosis

2004 ◽  
Vol 43 (151) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mani Prasad Gautam ◽  
P Karki ◽  
S Rijal
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Clinical Feature ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Clinical Awareness

Tuberculosis is a common disease and its incidence is in rising tendency in developed world because of AIDSand transglobal migration. Abdominal tuberculosis is more common in immunocompromised populationand manifests as infection of peritoneum, hollow or solid abdominal organs and abdominal lymphatics withmycobacterium tuberculosis organism. The peritoneum and ileo-cecal region are the most likely sites ofinfection and are involved in the majority of cases by hematogenous spread or through swallowing of infectedsputum from primary pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is evident in less than half of patientseither in active or latent form. Abdominal tuberculosis has a protean manifestation although the mostcommon clinical feature is the triad of abdominal pain, fever and weight loss. The diagnosis is often delayedbecause of non-specific presentation and is usually made through a combination of radiologic, microbiologic,histopathologic, endoscopic and molecular techniques. None of them provide a gold standard by themselves.However, an algorithm of these diagnostic methods leads to considerably higher precision in the diagnosisof abdominal tuberculosis which primarily necessitates a clinical awareness of this serious health problem.Abdominal tuberculosis is a serious condition and if untreated outcome is fatal. Early diagnosis and immediateinitiation of treatment along with dietary support is crucial for better outcome. Antimicrobial treatment isthe same as for pulmonary tuberculosis and management often requires combination of antituberculardrugs and surgery – for diagnosis as well as therapy.Key Words: Tuberculosis; Abdominal Tuberculosis; Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Retrospective Evaluation of Pediatric Patients With Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Single Center Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-211
Author(s):  
Sevgi Yaşar Durmuş ◽  
Gönül Tanır ◽  
Ayşe Seçil Ekşioğlu ◽  
Türkan Aydın Teke ◽  
Yasemin Taşçı Yıldız ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Abdominal tuberculosis is a kind of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that can usually occur during the lymphohematogenous spread of first Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, develop by neighborhood from an abdominal focus or a mesenteric lymph node. The aim of this study is to evaluate pediatric cases diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis. Material and Methods: Between 2012-2018, seven patients diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis through patients who diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital, were included in study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, commenced treatments and clinical follow up of patients were listed from medical records. Results: Of patients, four were female. The mean age was 144.2 ± 42.7 months. None of the patients had a history of tuberculosis contact. The median complaint time was 20 days (5-180). The most frequent complaint was abdominal pain and the most frequent physical examination finding was abdominal tenderness. Mean white blood cell count was 9.26 x 103 ± 4.77 x 103 μ/L, C reactive protein level: 79.9 ± 54.9 mg/dL, erytrocyte sedimentation rate: 45 ± 30 mm/h. Tuberculin skin test was positive in two patients, interferon gamma releasing assay was positive in three patients, and in two patients, both tests were positive. There were findings suggesting tuberculosis on pulmonary imaging in five patients and abdominal imaging in all patients. Histopathological examination of the specimens of six patients revealed findings consistent with tuberculosis. The presence of M. tuberculosis was confirmed microbiologically in clinical specimens taken from three patients. The most common abdominal tuberculosis type was mesenteric lymphadenitis. The mean time from admission to diagnosis was 15 ± 12.8 days. All patients recieved antituberculosis treatment. Conclusion: Abdominal tuberculosis should be kept in mind, in patients presenting with abdominal complaints lasting more than five days. Ultrasonography and computed tomography are useful to determine abdominal tuberculosis type. The disease can be sucsessfully treated with standart antituberculosis treatment.

A STUDY ON EXTRA PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: SITE DISTRIBUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-26
Author(s):  
Chhotala Yagnik ◽  
Vishal Oza ◽  
Chetal Suva
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Background:Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis can affect the lymph nodes, pleura, bones, joints, genito-urinary tract, nervous system (meningitis, tuberculoma), abdominal tuberculosis (intestines, mesentery, solid organs), skin. Materials and Methods: It is a record based, observational prospective study which assesses the presentation and evaluation of the site of distribution of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and management of it in a tertiary care hospital. Result:In present study, 26% of cases from lymph node TB, 20% cases from CNS and pleural TB, 18% cases from GIT, 8% cases from skeletal TB, 4% cases from GUT, 2% cases from ocular and 2% cases from pericardial TB Conclusion:The frequency of extrapulmonary TB in this study was highest in lymph node followed by pleural, CNS, GIT, skeletal and others respectively

scholarly journals Abdominal tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
O.D. Nikolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Ileocecal Region ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Abdominal Organs

ABSTRACT. The problem of detecting and diagnosing abdominal tuberculosis (TB) remains difficult. Recently in Ukraine there has been an increase in extrapulmonary TB, including abdominal TB. In modern conditions, this localization of TB is a manifestation of a generalized process in HIV-infected people. The most commonly diagnosed lesions of the lymphatic system and the peritoneum. The liver and spleen in abdominal TB is affected in every third case (32.3 %). In most patients, TB of the abdominal organs develops as a result of lymph-hematogenous dissemination from the primary focus, progresses through contact from the mesenteric lymph nodes to the peritoneum and intestines. According to statistics, TB of the mesenteric lymph nodes is most often diagnosed (70 %), the ileocecal region and the peritoneum are affected in 12 % of cases. The clinical picture of abdominal TB is polymorphic, there are no pathognomonic symptoms, therefore, the diagnosis of damage to the abdominal organs is the most difficult in the field of phthisiology. Diagnostic methods that are used: X-ray examination of the small intestine with a contrast agent, irrigoscopy, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), laparoscopy and laparotomy with sampling of material for morphological and bacteriological researches. The diagnostic value of CT with bolus enhancement is quite high: sensitivity is 95 %, specificity is 67.5 %. Given the difficulty of confirming the diagnosis of TB, in the case when the diagnosis is not confirmed culturally or histologically, and there is a reasonable suspicion of a specific lesion, which is based on clinical, endoscopic and radiological data, it is recommended to prescribe empirical treatment. Most patients respond positively to anti-TB treatment within 2 weeks. A clinical case of abdominal TB in an HIV-infected patient is described in this article.

scholarly journals Intra-abdominal lymphatic tuberculosis as a rare case of small intestine volvulus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 2050313X1984437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filitsa Konstantara ◽  
Sotiria Stamopoulou ◽  
Ioannis D Gkegkes ◽  
Ioannis Kotrogiannis ◽  
Eleftherios Fotiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
The Developed Countries

Tuberculosis used to be uncommon in the developed countries but seems to be still on rampant in developing countries. However, there seems to be an increasing occurrence in the developed countries too mainly due to low living conditions, increased migration, HIV immune-compromisation and inappropriate use of antitubercular drugs. Lymphatic tuberculosis is the second commonest extrapulmonary location of tuberculosis followed by genitourinary, bone and joint, miliary, meningeal and abdominal. Abdominal tuberculosis represents nearly 11%–16% of all extrapulmonary tuberculosis locations. Furthermore, abdominal tuberculosis co-exists with pulmonary tuberculosis in 10%–30% of patients. Abdominal tuberculosis remains difficult to diagnose due to non-specific symptoms, variable anatomical locations and lack of specific sensitive diagnostic tools. Diagnosis can be rarely suspected, especially in cases of isolated abdominal tuberculosis without clinical or radiological findings. We present a rare case of a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with intra-abdominal lymphatic tuberculosis causing small intestine volvulus.

A STUDY ON EXTRA PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: SOCIO ECONOMIC CLASS DISTRIBUTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Chhotala Yagnik ◽  
Chetal Suva ◽  
Vishal Oza
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Extra Pulmonary

Background:Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis can affect the lymph nodes, pleura, bones, joints, genitourinary tract, nervous system (meningitis, tuberculoma), abdominal tuberculosis (intestines, mesentery, solid organs), skin. Materials and Methods: It is a record based, observational prospective study which assesses the presentation and evaluation of the socio-economic distribution of extrapulmonary tuberculosis and management of it in a tertiary care hospital. Result: In present study, out of 50 cases 52% patients were from low socio-economic class, 44% patients were from middle socioeconomic class and 4% were from high socio-economic class. Conclusion:The frequency of extrapulmonary TB in this study was highest in low socio-economic class followed by middle and high socio-economic class.

scholarly journals Retrospective Evaluation Of Pediatric Patients With Abdominal Tuberculosis: A Single Center Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Sevgi Yaşar Durmuş ◽  
Gönül Tanır ◽  
Ayşe Seçil Ekşioğlu ◽  
Türkan Aydın Teke ◽  
Yasemin Taşçı Yıldız ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Antituberculosis Treatment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Objective: Abdominal tuberculosis is a kind of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that can usually occur during the lymphohematogenous spread of first Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, develop by neighborhood from an abdominal focus or a mesenteric lymph node. The aim of this study is to evaluate pediatric cases diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis. Material and Methods: Between 2012-2018, seven patients diagnosed with abdominal tuberculosis through patients who diagnosed with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in our hospital, were included in study. Demographic and clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, commenced treatments and clinical follow up of patients were listed from medical records. Results: Of patients, four were female. The mean age was 144.2 ± 42.7 months. None of the patients had a history of tuberculosis contact. The median complaint time was 20 days (5-180). The most frequent complaint was abdominal pain and the most frequent physical examination finding was abdominal tenderness. Mean white blood cell count was 9.26 x 103 ± 4.77 x 103 μ/L, C reactive protein level: 79.9 ± 54.9 mg/dL, erytrocyte sedimentation rate: 45 ± 30 mm/h. Tuberculin skin test was positive in two patients, interferon gamma releasing assay was positive in three patients, and in two patients, both tests were positive. There were findings suggesting tuberculosis on pulmonary imaging in five patients and abdominal imaging in all patients. Histopathological examination of the specimens of six patients revealed findings consistent with tuberculosis. The presence of M. tuberculosis was confirmed microbiologically in clinical specimens taken from three patients. The most common abdominal tuberculosis type was mesenteric lymphadenitis. The mean time from admission to diagnosis was 15 ± 12.8 days. All patients recieved antituberculosis treatment. Conclusion: Abdominal tuberculosis should be kept in mind, in patients presenting with abdominal complaints lasting more than five days. Ultrasonography and computed tomography are useful to determine abdominal tuberculosis type. The disease can be sucsessfully treated with standart antituberculosis treatment.

scholarly journals A 20-year-old Lady with Peritoneal Tuberculosis Presented as Acute Abdomen and A Review of Peritoneal Tuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
GKM Shahiduzzaman ◽  
Tahmin Akhter ◽  
CM Shamim Kabir ◽  
Mohsena Akter ◽  
Roksana Akhter Zaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Acid Fast Bacillus ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Peritoneal Tuberculosis ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Caseating Granuloma

Tuberculosis can entail any component of the gastrointestinaltract and is the sixth most common site of extra pulmonaryassociation. Both the incidence and severity ofabdominal tuberculosis are predictable to amplify withgrowingnumbers of HIV infection. Peritoneal tuberculosis, a type of abdominal tuberculosis, occurs in three forms: wet typewith ascites, dry type with adhesions, and fibrotic type withomental thickening and loculated ascites. Clinically, peritoneal tuberculosis ischaracterized by fever, abdominal pain, anorexia, weightloss, and ascites. Nevertheless, not any of these symptoms is accuratefor the disease, so it is frequently misdiagnosed, especiallyas carcinomatous peritonitis in the elderly. Diagnosisnear the beginning of peritoneal tuberculosis is of keyimpact in the control of thedisease. Chest X-rays demonstratesupport of associated pulmonarylesions in less than 25% of cases. Laparoscopywith direct biopsy is an exceptionalinvestigativetechniqueand should be considered for each patient with unsolvedascites. A classicconclusion requires detection ofbacilli in ascitic fluid or peritoneum tissue. However, acidfaststaining is frequently negative and cultures are positivein 30-40% of cases, making bacteriological evidence ofthe disease extremely difficult. In recent times, advances in moleculartechniques have provided aninnovative approach to the fast diagnosisof tuberculosis by nucleic acid probes and polymerasechain reaction. But if molecular techniques fail or unavailable, then presence of caseating granuloma in biopsy material is accepted as hallmark of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis and as significant as positive Acid Fast Bacillus (AFB) in pulmonary tuberculosis. Management is with conventionalanti-tubercular treatment for at least six months.J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, December 2016, Vol.8(2); 63-68

Sociodemographic, Clinical Profile and Outcome of Tuberculosis in Baramulla District of North Kashmir of India

JMS SKIMS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Abdul Ahad Wani ◽  
Javeed Iqbal Bhat ◽  
Muzafar Naik ◽  
Nisar Ahmed Dar ◽  
Syed Masood Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Education ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment ◽  
Night Sweats ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: India accounts for one-fourth of the global tuberculosis (TB) burden. Since the countrywide implementation of RNTCP, tuberculosis care has received renewed focus. Directly observed treatment short-term (DOTS) is a cornerstone of RNTCP program. Objective: To evaluate demographic profile, clinical presentation and outcome of TB in district Baramulla of North Kashmir. Methods:  A prospective study over a period of seven years in patients diagnosed with TB in district Baramulla of North Kashmir. Results: This study was conducted prospectively over seven years from March 2011 to February 2017. A total of 802 patients were enrolled in the study. Among them, there were a total of 638 adult patients and 164 paediatric patients with a male: female ratio of 1:0.99. Majority of patients belonged to rural areas of north Kashmir and had received no or elementary education. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed in 530 (66 %) patients and 272 (34%) patients were diagnosed as extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Sputum for AFB was important mode of diagnosis in our series and was positive in 525 (65%) our patients. Majority of patients presented with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. None of the patients had Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). There was a consistent improvement in AFB isolation among TB patients over the study period. Majority of our patients were cured completely of disease Conclusion: Sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis remains the most common presentation of tuberculosis in North Kashmir. There is a steady increase in the proportion of bacteriologically confirmed TB cases over the study period. Furthermore, DOTS treatment is successful in all forms of tuberculosis. JMS 2018;21(1):11-16

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies Seroprevalence and Sera Neutralizing Activity in MEXICO: A National Cross-Sectional Study during 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 850
Author(s):  
José Esteban Muñoz-Medina ◽  
Concepción Grajales-Muñiz ◽  
Angel Gustavo Salas-Lais ◽  
Larissa Fernandes-Matano ◽  
Constantino López-Macías ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neutralizing Activity

Until recently, the incidence of COVID-19 was primarily estimated using molecular diagnostic methods. However, the number of cases is vastly underreported using these methods. Seroprevalence studies estimate cumulative infection incidences and allow monitoring of transmission dynamics, and the presence of neutralizing antibodies in the population. In February 2020, the Mexican Social Security Institute began conducting anonymous unrelated sampling of residual sera from specimens across the country, excluding patients with fever within the previous two weeks and/or patients with an acute respiratory infection. Sampling was carried out weekly and began 17 days before Mexico’s first officially confirmed case. The 24,273 sera obtained were analyzed by chemiluminescent-linked immunosorbent assay (CLIA) IgG S1/S2 and, later, positive cases using this technique were also analyzed to determine the rate of neutralization using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We identified 40 CLIA IgG positive cases before the first official report of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico. The national seroprevalence was 3.5% in February and 33.5% in December. Neutralizing activity among IgG positives patients during overall study period was 86.1%. The extent of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in Mexico is 21 times higher than that reported by molecular techniques. Although the general population is still far from achieving herd immunity, epidemiological indicators should be re-estimated based on serological studies of this type.

scholarly journals Quo Vadis Advanced Prostate Cancer Therapy? Novel Treatment Perspectives and Possible Future Directions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2228
Author(s):  
Jana Kvízová ◽  
Vladimíra Pavlíčková ◽  
Eva Kmoníčková ◽  
Tomáš Ruml ◽  
Silvie Rimpelová
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Advanced Prostate Cancer ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Prostate Cancer Therapy ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
Antiandrogen Therapy

Prostate cancer is a very common disease, which is, unfortunately, often the cause of many male deaths. This is underlined by the fact that the early stages of prostate cancer are often asymptomatic. Therefore, the disease is usually detected and diagnosed at late advanced or even metastasized stages, which are already difficult to treat. Hence, it is important to pursue research and development not only in terms of novel diagnostic methods but also of therapeutic ones, as well as to increase the effectiveness of the treatment by combinational medicinal approach. Therefore, in this review article, we focus on recent approaches and novel potential tools for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer; these include not only androgen deprivation therapy, antiandrogen therapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, multimodal therapy, but also poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, Akt and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.

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