scholarly journals Radość (gaudium) w nauczaniu św. Augustyna

Vox Patrum ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 307-314
Author(s):  
Augustyn Eckmann
Keyword(s):  
Eternal Life ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
De Re ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject

Notes of St. Augustine on joy (gaudium) are based on both the philosophical tradition and the Bible. Bishop distinguishes the true joy from the false one. These two types of joy differ in the subject of happiness and its quality. True joy is pu­rely spiritual (gaudium spiritale), aimed to eternal life, while the false joy turns to the worldly possessions. In this life is possible the joy that comes from hope (gaudium de spe), a real joy (gaudium de re) meet only in the future life. Everyday joy, which is consistent with reason and truth, leads to the eternal joy. The true joy arises when one attains the highest goal. It meets in God and is permanent.

scholarly journals Martin Luther en teologiebeoefening in die toekoms

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.W.C. Van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Martin Luther ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject

Martin Luther and doing theology in the future. The Netherdutch Reformed Church of Africa prides itself for the fact that she has always appreciated the German-Lutheran tradition. The Reformed Theological College has for 15 years contributed to the appreciation of this tradition. This article wants to encourage the new leadership to keep this legacy alive. The main aspects of Luther’s theology are explained. These aspects are: prayer (oratio), meditation (meditatio), constitation (tentatio), grace of the Spirit (gratia Spiritus), exegesis (sedulalectio), and the use of other sciences in understanding the Bible (bonarum atrium cognitia). Attention is also given to the subject-matter of Theology as well as the notion of humbleness.

Jewish and Muslim Messianism in Yemen

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bat-Zion Eraqi Klorman
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Muslim Society ◽  
Literary Expression ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Jewish Diaspora ◽  
Jewish Society ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

The last three messianic claimants to appear in the Jewish diaspora appeared in Yemen in the 19th century. At this time and place the mutual influences of Jews and Muslims were notable both in messianic movements and in literary expression. Muslim society in Yemen was aware of the messianic tension among the Jews, and individual Muslims even took part in each of the known messianic movements. Conversely—and this is the subject of this article—Jewish society, at least on the popular level, was receptive to Muslim apocalyptic ideas and beliefs and integrated them into Jewish apocalyptic anticipations.The belief in messianism and the sharing of ideas on redemption or of the golden age in the eschatological era (i.e., at the End of Time) have long been maintained by the Jews. Some of the concepts that served as paradigms for later messianic speculations were derived from the Bible. For instance, the concept of rescue—the rescue by God of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt—became the example of God's intervention to help his people and mirrored the rescue at the End of Days. Likewise, the Davidic kingdom was believed to be the fulfillment of an ancient covenant between God and the Israelites—and, therefore, the Davidic kingdom became in the history of Jewish messianism the paradigm for how the future kingdom would be, how the covenant would be fulfilled. Also, the term “messiah” (mashiah)—i.e., the anointed one—was originally the official title for the Davidic kings and the early root for the later messiah; hence, it would be a Davidic descendant who would lead the Jews into the messianic age.

scholarly journals The structure of hermeneutic experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Vira Dubinina
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Space ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Philosophical Methodology ◽  
Language Philosophy ◽  
Special Aspect ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Separate Form ◽  
European Philosophy ◽  
The Subject

The applied aspects of philosophical hermeneutics in connection with the formation of a special hermeneutic space in modern humanitarian culture are considered. The concept of meaning and understanding inherent in the ancient philosophical tradition is analyzed, the terminological aspects of the concept of understanding in its practical plane are considered. The hermeneutic method and its use in the analysis of specific semantic formations is associated with the concept of metaphor, which can be considered as a mediastinum of hermeneutic experience.Hermeneutics is a special aspect or turn in the development of European philosophy, which includes all other levels: ontology, epistemology, transcendental phenomenology and language philosophy. It is language that is the source from which the very possibility of hermeneutics arises. Language is the medium of hermeneutic comprehension of the world and today we observe in modern philosophy the situation of the formation of hermeneutical environment, a special semantic space in which we comprehend all the philosophical systems of the past and present.The hermeneutics constantly raises the question: is understanding possible in principle? It is not even a matter of whether we can understand Hesiod or the Bible. The question is whether we can understand ourselves and what this actually means. How adequate is the expressed meaning to the subject himself? The fundamental basis of hermeneutics, its ability and its necessity is the presence of external and internal in a word, speech, sign, etc. The presence of hidden meaning, metaphoricality, connotations, polysemy, personal meaning, etc. – this makes hermeneutics possible, even regardless of its real achievements. Here the principles of F. Schleiermacher are quite appropriate: 1. Everything that is subject to interpretation should be determined only from the language of the author and the original circle of readers. 2. The meaning of every word in a given place should be determined by its connection with the meaning of the context. For example, the Greek logos may mean, in various contexts, reason and law, prose and the Savior, which is, in general, a traditional problem of translation and translators.As a result, it should be noted that the problem of stratification of hermeneutic experience is fundamental for understanding the very essence of hermeneutics. This experience is not a separate form of it, at present we can talk about the fact that it permeates all humanitarian knowledge, which allows us to talk about the formation of a special hermeneutic cultural, semantic, semantic space in which any person should make sense. This attitude allows a completely different look at the role and tasks of hermeneutics on the way of turning it into a universal philosophical methodology.

scholarly journals Katherine Dunham and Maya Deren on ritual, modernity, and the African Diaspora

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Ramsay Burt
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Experimental Film ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Film Maker ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Katherine Dunham

In the early 1940s, Katherine Dunham engaged the future experimental film-maker Maya Deren to act as her secretary. In 1946 Deren wrote about the importance of ritual in her films, two of which had been made with dancers from Dunham’s company. The following year she made her first visit to Haiti to study and film voodoo rituals that had been the subject of Miss Dunham’s research. These rituals was then generally seen as a survival from a more ‘primitive’ stage of human development that modern educated people, like Dunham and Deren, were not supposed to believe in. This paper shows that Dunham and Deren each used their experiences of voodoo to define a modern approach to spirituality that was grounded in an Africanist approach to the dancing body that was very different from the idea of disembodied transcendence which runs through the European philosophical tradition.

The future role of the psychiatrist in Europe – a UEMS perspective

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
M. Hermans
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personal Opinion ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many

SummaryThe author presents his personal opinion inviting to discussion on the possible future role of psychiatrists. His view is based upon the many contacts with psychiatrists all over Europe, academicians and everyday professionals, as well as the familiarity with the literature. The list of papers referred to is based upon (1) the general interest concerning the subject when representing ideas also worded elsewhere, (2) the accessibility to psychiatrists and mental health professionals in Germany, (3) being costless downloadable for non-subscribers and (4) for some geographic aspects (e.g. Belgium, Spain, Sweden) and the latest scientific issues, addressing some authors directly.

INVESTIGATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GRAIN RECEIVING FROM RAILWAY TO THE GRAIN TRANSSHIPMENT TERMINAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
G. Stankevych ◽  
L. Dmytrenko ◽  
A. Kats ◽  
V. Shpak
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Total Duration ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
The Future ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sown Area

In the future, in Ukraine it is planned to increase the sown area for cereals, legumes and oilseeds, to increase the gross grain harvest to 80 million tons, and its export abroad was increased twice. Intensive construction in the southern ports of Ukraine of grain transshipment terminals with large metal silos will solve the problem of increasing grain export in the future. At these powerful terminals, the bulk of the grain comes mainly by rail, and is shipped to water. The aim of the work was to study the characteristics of the grain receiving from railway transport to the grain transshipment terminal of LLC “Ukrelevatorprom” in order to improve its works efficiency. The object of the study was the development of technology of grain receiving at the grain transshipment terminal; the subject of research is cereals, legume sand oil crops, as well as data from daily volumes of receiving and dispensing operations at the grain transshipment terminal of LLC “Ukrelevatorprom” for 2015-2016. The studies were carried out on the basis of processing data from the consignment notes for 2015-2016, according to which there was a summed amount of grain (net) daily transported by the railway. Further processing of the obtained data was carried out by a combined graphoanalytical method, for which, on the basis of tabular values for each studied year, the corresponding histograms and graphs were built and the necessary indicators were determined. Analysis of the structure of grain crops supplied by railway to LLC “Ukrelevatorprom” in 2015 and 2016 and their ratio showed that the main share was occupied by cereal crops (78.0 % and 73.1 % respectively), which were mainly represented by corn, share which was significantly dominated by other crops (wheat of various classes and barley) and amounted to 45.8 % and 44.5 %, respectively, which can be explained by its high demand in the international grain market, in which Ukraine occupies a leading position. Oilseeds (rapeseed) were taken in accordance with 19.1 % and 14.9 %, and legumes (soybeans) — 2.9 % and 12.0 %. An analysis of the timing of the unloading of grain wagons (hopper cars) showed that the total duration of this process, depending on the crops, averages 37...59 minutes. The longest steps for unloading wagons are to determine the grain quality indicators, especially rapeseed, and to spill grain from the wagons, therefore, to reduce their duration, it is necessary to form feeds of wagons with grain batches of the same quality and use more modern express analyzers to determine grain quality indicators, which will increase the productivity of the grain receiving line from the railway. According to the research results, the enterprise has the potential to increase by about 30 % the volume of grain intake. It was established that the periods of the grain receipt at the enterprise in 2015-2016 amounted to 349 and 353 days, respectively, the actual coefficients of the daily irregularity Kdaily for the grain receipt from the railway in these years are equal to 1.47 and 1.52, and the monthly irregularity Kmonth, respectively 1.33 and 1.21, does not exceed the standard values Kdaily = 2.5 and Kmonth= 2.0. This made it possible to clarify the database from the actual characteristics of the process of grain receiving by railway and can be used in design and verification calculations of equipment in technological lines for receiving grain from railway transport, and will contribute to increasing the efficiency of grain transshipment terminals. 

Features of optative modality in Macedonian language (with emphasis on the functionalities of independent da-construction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Context

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.

A Rhetorics of the Word

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Pattison
Keyword(s):  
Political Discourse ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Final Part ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Christian Life ◽  
Call And Response ◽  
Hermann Broch ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

A Rhetorics of the Word is the second volume of a three-part philosophy of Christian life. It approaches Christian life as expressive of a divine calling or vocation. The word Church (ekklesia) and the role of naming in baptism indicate the fundamental place of calling in Christian life. However, ideas of vocation are difficult to access in a world shaped by the experience of disenchantment. The difficulties of articulating vocation are explored with reference to Weber, Heidegger, and Kierkegaard. These are further connected to a general crisis of language, manifesting in the degradation of political discourse (Arendt) and the impact of new communications technology on human discourse. This impact can be seen as reinforcing an occlusion of language in favour of rationality already evidenced in the philosophical tradition and technocratic management. New possibilities for thinking vocation are pursued through the biblical prophets (with emphasis on Buber’s and Rosenzweig’s reinterpretation of the call of Moses), Saint John, and Russian philosophies of language (Florensky to Bakhtin). Vocation emerges as bound up with the possibility of being name-bearers, enabling a mutuality of call and response. This is then evidenced further in ethics and poetics, where Levinas and Hermann Broch (The Death of Virgil) become major points of reference. In conclusion, the themes of calling and the name are seen to shape the possibility of love—the subject of the final part of the philosophy of Christian life: A Metaphysics of Love.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakravarthi Ram-Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Phenomenological Tradition ◽  
The Third ◽  
Western Philosophical Tradition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come

The Introduction outlines the various chapters. It then situates the question of ‘body’ in the modern Western philosophical tradition following Descartes, and argues that this leaves subsequent responses to come under one of three options: metaphysical dualism of body and subject; any anti-dualist reductionism; or the overcoming of the divide. Describing the Phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty as a potent example of the third strategy, the Introduction then suggests his philosophy will function as foil to the ecological phenomenology developed and presented in the book. Moreover, one approach within the Western Phenomenological tradition, of treating phenomenology as a methodology for the clarification of experience (rather than the means to the determination of an ontology of the subject) is compared to the approach in this book. Since classical India, while understanding dualism, did not confront the challenge of Descartes (for better or for worse), its treatment of body follows a different trajectory.

Black Books and Brownies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Milbank
Keyword(s):  
Historical Change ◽  
Religious Change ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Black Book ◽  
James Hogg ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
The Future

Scottish fiction about the Reformation is concerned with the mechanics of historical change, which are rendered through a series of enchanted books and people discussed in Chapter 8. In the novel, The Monastery, describing the Dissolution and Reformation, Scott gothicizes the Bible as a magic book and the White Lady as its guardian to dramatize the mysterious nature of religious change, the dependence of the future on a Gothic past, and the need for interpretation. In Old Mortality, Scott’s protagonist escapes the frozen dualities of Covenanter and Claverhouse, revealing historical change itself as problematic in Humean terms and requiring a leap of faith. James Hogg contests this presentation of the Covenanters by re-enchanting them as supposed brownies, as mediators of history and nature, and in his Three Perils of Man reprises Scott’s wizard Michael Scott pitted against Roger Bacon and his ‘black book’ the Bible to present the Reformation as an eternal reality.

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