scholarly journals Relationship between protein intake and nitrogen balance in obese patients on low energy diet.

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriko OI ◽  
Toyoko OKUDA ◽  
Hideo KOISHI ◽  
Hideki KOH ◽  
Masako WAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Energy and protein utilization for maintenance and growth in Omani ram lambs in hot climates. II. Composition of tissue growth and nitrogen metabolism

2001 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. EARLY ◽  
O. MAHGOUB ◽  
C. D. LU
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Comparative Slaughter ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Low Energy Diet

The effects of dietary energy concentration on tissue composition and nitrogen metabolism were determined by comparative slaughter and nitrogen balance trials in Omani male lambs during the hot summer months (July to October; maximum temperature 48 °C). Weaned lambs (n = 10 per diet) were fed on one of three isonitrogenous (160 CP g/kg DM) diets that contained low (9·98 MJ/kg DM), medium (10·3 MJ/kg DM) and high (11·4 MJ/kg DM) metabolizable energy contents. An initial slaughter group of 10 animals was used to estimate the initial body composition. Treatment animals were slaughtered at 113–114 days. Increasing dietary energy concentrations resulted in a progressive increase in empty body, carcass and non-carcass water, protein and fat contents. Increasing dietary energy concentrations also resulted in a greater deposition of energy in carcass fat and a reduced deposition of energy in carcass protein. Dietary energy concentration did not affect the distribution of energy between protein and fat within empty body and non-carcass tissues. Ratios of energy to empty body, carcass or non-carcass weight were not affected by dietary energy concentrations and averaged 17·1, 18·2 and 15·9 MJ/kg respectively. These data indicate that more energy is required to deposit carcass tissues than non-carcass tissues. Nitrogen balance trials (feed N–faecal N–urinary N) conducted midway through the experiment indicated that dietary energy concentration had no effect on nitrogen digestibility or nitrogen retention. However, nitrogen retention determined by comparative slaughter showed that animals fed the low energy diet retained significantly less empty body nitrogen compared to animals fed the high energy diet. Thus, nitrogen retention determined by nitrogen balance trials overestimated direct measurements of nitrogen retention determined by comparative slaughter and this overestimation was greater on the low energy diet.

scholarly journals Additional protein intake limits weight regain after weight loss in humans

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela P. G. M. Lejeune ◽  
Eva M. R. Kovacs ◽  
Margriet S. Westerterp-Plantenga
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Very Low Energy Diet ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Overweight Subjects ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Since long-term weight maintenance (WM) is a major problem, interventions to improve WM are needed. The aim of the study was to investigate whether the addition of protein to the diet might limit weight regain after a weight loss of 5–10 % in overweight subjects. In a randomised parallel study design, 113 overweight subjects (BMI 29·3 (SD 2·5) kg/m2); age 45·1 (SD 10·4) years) followed a very-low-energy diet for 4 weeks, after which there was a 6-month period of WM. During WM, subjects were randomised into either a protein group or a control group. The protein group received 30 g/d protein in addition to their own usual diet. During the very-low-energy diet, no differences were observed between the groups. During WM, the protein group showed a higher protein intake (18 %v.15 %;P<0·05), a lower weight regain (0·8v.3·0 kg;P<0·05), a decreased waist circumference (−1·2 (SD 0·7)v.0·5 (SD 0·5 ) cm;P<0·05) and a smaller increase in respiratory quotient (0·03 (SD 0·01)v.0·07 0·01; (SD/)P<0·05) compared with the control group. Weight regain in the protein group consisted of only fat-free mass, whereas the control group gained fat mass as well. Satiety in the fasted state before breakfast increased significantly more in the protein group than in the control group. After 6 months follow-up, body weight showed a significant group × time interaction. A protein intake of 18 % compared with 15 % resulted in improved WM in overweight subjects after a weight loss of 7·5 %. This improved WM implied several factors, i.e. improved body composition, fat distribution, substrate oxidation and satiety.

scholarly journals Predictors of successful weight loss with relative maintenance of fat-free mass in individuals with overweight and obesity on an 8-week low-energy diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (04) ◽  
pp. 468-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Toft Hansen ◽  
Mads Fiil Hjorth ◽  
Karoline Sandby ◽  
Sarah Vold Andersen ◽  
Arne Astrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Successful Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Loss Success ◽  
Low Energy Diet

AbstractA low-energy diet (LED) is an effective approach to induce a rapid weight loss in individuals with overweight. However, reported disproportionally large losses of fat-free mass (FFM) after an LED trigger the question of adequate protein content. Additionally, not all individuals have the same degree of weight loss success. After an 8-week LED providing 5020 kJ/d for men and 4184 kJ/d for women (84/70 g protein/d) among overweight and obese adults, we aimed to investigate the relationship between protein intake relative to initial FFM and proportion of weight lost as FFM as well as the individual characteristics associated with weight loss success. We assessed all outcomes baseline and after the LED. A total of 286 participants (sixty-four men and 222 women) initiated the LED of which 82 % completed and 70 % achieved a substantial weight loss (defined as ≥8 %). Protein intake in the range 1·0–1·6 g protein/d per kg FFM at baseline for men and 1·1–2·2 g protein/d per kg FFM at baseline for women was not associated with loss of FFM (P = 0·632). Higher Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) hunger at baseline and reductions in TFEQ disinhibition and hunger during the LED were associated with larger weight loss (all P ≤ 0·020); whereas lower sleep quality at baseline predicted less successful weight loss using intention to treat analysis (P = 0·021), possibly driven by those dropping out (n 81, P = 0·067 v. completers: n 198, P = 0·659). Thus, the protein intakes relative to initial FFM were sufficient for maintenance of FFM and specific eating behaviour characteristics were associated with weight loss success.

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