scholarly journals The effectiveness of applying herbicides incorn growing technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371
Author(s):  
V. M. Sudak ◽  
А. І. Horbatenko ◽  
V. L. Matiukha ◽  
А. О. Kulyk
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Partial Control ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Average Monthly Precipitation

Studies conducted on the chernozems of the steppe zone of Ukraine have revealed a direct relationship between thephytosanitary condition of an agricultural ecosystem and the amount of productive moisture used by corn plants from the 0 to 150 cmsoil layer during the period from sowing to harvest. In absolutely cleancrops, corn plants used soil water to the 156 mm depth, while in the plotsfrom which the weeds were not removedsoil water was used to 203 mm and on theherbicide-treated soilto 168–171 mm depth. Full or partial control of weediness of crops makes it possible to save 320–470 m3/ha moisture reserves, which is equal to the average monthly precipitation that fell during the growing season (2018–2019). Effectiveness of the tested crop chemical protection systems was to a large extend determined by the hydrothermal conditions in April - May. High air temperature, lack of agronomically useful rains and dry winds caused drying out of the upper soil layer and decreasedphytotoxicity of pre-emergence herbicides. In this case (2018), the largest percentage of the first wave weeds (89.1 %) was destroyed by a tank mixture of crop protectionagents contained in Frontier Optima (0.8 l/ha + Stellar (0.8 l/ha) + Metolat (0.8 l/ha). In favorable weather, to ensure manifestation of toxicological properties of soil herbicides (2019), the following combined technological schemes for harmful species control in the first stages of corn organogenesis had an advantage: Dual Gold (1.5 l/ha) (before sowing), Stellar (1.25 l/ha) + Metolat (1.25 l/ha) (after emergence of seedlings) and Acris(3 l/ha) (before sowing), Kelvin Plus (0.35 kg/ha) + Hasten (1 l/ha) (after emergence of seedlings). The technical efficiency of the herbicide application reached 98–100 %. In 2018, the highest yield of corn grain (7.85 t/ha) in the protected plots was obtained after application (in the phase of development of 3–5 corn leaves) of the following tank mixture: Frontier Optima (0.8 l/ha) + Stellar (0.8 l/ha) + Metolat (0.8 l/ha). This combination turned out to be the most effective in terms of cost effectiveness of grain production, providing a profitability of 213 %. In 2019, we managed to increase the yields by combining soil and crop protection herbicides. Given the cost and consumption rate of the herbicides used per 1 ha, a combination of synthetic agrochemicals Avatar (2.5 l/ha) (before sowing) + Prima (0.5 l/ha) (after emergence of seedlings) was the best in terms of the main product cost (1579 UAH/t) and profitability (134 %). Key words: weeds, herbicidal system, technical efficiency, productivity, profitability of production.

scholarly journals Особливості біології та шкідливості вічкової галиці (Thomasiniana Oculiperda Rubs.) і захист від неї саджанців яблуні в розсаднику Лісостепу України

2015 ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Ю. П. Яновський ◽  
С. В. Cуханов ◽  
В. П. Гричанюк
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Effective Temperature ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Lower Threshold ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Leaf Curling ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
Pest Infestation

Наведено результати досліджень з уточнення біо-логічних особливостей вічкової галиці (Thomasinianaoculiperda Rubs.) у розсаднику яблуні в зоні ЛісостепуУкраїни. Встановлено, що зимують личинки в грунтіна глибині 4–5 см, відродження яких спостерігаєтьсяв кінці першої–на початку другої декади квітня, азалялькування – в кінці другої – на початку третьоїдекади квітня. Літ дорослих самок відбувається удругій половині травня – першій половині червня. Че-рез 8–10 днів з’являються личинки, які пошкоджують29,8–37,7 % защеплених бруньок («вічок»). За веґета-ційний період шкідник розвивається у трьох поколін-нях. Для розвитку одного покоління шкідника необ-хідна сума ефективних температур від 274,3°С до290,6°С (нижній поріг складає 15,6°С). Вивчено тех-нічну ефективність застосування препаратів у захис-ті цієї культури від шкідника. Встановлено, що длязниження її шкідливості необхідно застосовуватиінсектициди «Моспілан», РП (0,2 кг/га), «Каліпсо» 480SC, КС (0,25 л/га), «Сумітіон», КЕ (2,5 л/га), «Гло-віс», СК ( 1,5 л/га), «Дурсбан» 480, к.е. (2,0 л/га), «Зо-лон» 35, к.е. (3,0 л/га), «Ланнат» 20, РК (1,2 л/га) та«Пірінекс» 480, КЕ (2,0 л/га). The results of studies were showed to clarify the biological peculiarities, harmfulness of apple leaf curling midge of apple trees’ sapling and efficacy of insecticides in control of pest infestation in Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established, that larva overwinters in the soil on the depth of 4-5 cm, their revival is observed at the end of 1st till the end of second decade of April and pupation – in late second – early third decade of April. Adult female’s  flights take place in the second decade of May – first decade of June. In 8–10 days larva appears, which damage 29,8–37,7 % of grafting buds.  During the vegetation period the pest is developing by three generations. For one generation of pest’s development need the sum of effective temperature from 274,3°С to 290,6°С (the lower threshold of the temperature is 15,6°С).         The technical efficiency of products application in protection of this crop against this pest is studied. It is established that for decreasing of its harmfulness it needed to apply the following insecticides Mospilan, RP (0,2 kg/hа), Calipso 480 SC, (0,25 l/hа), Sumition, КЕ (2,5 l/hа), Hlovis  СК ( 1,5 l/hа), Dursban 480, SC (2,0 l/hа), Zolon 35, KE (3,0 l/hа), Lannate 20,RК  (1,2 l/hа) and Pirineks 480, КЕ (2,0 l/hа).

scholarly journals AVALIAÇÃO DA DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA NA SUB-BACIA DO BOI BRANCO ATRAVÉS DO BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E DE CULTIVO

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mariana Alexandre de Lima Sales ◽  
RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN ◽  
LEONOR RODRÍGUEZ SINOBAS ◽  
RAIMUNDO NONATO FARIAS MONTEIRO ◽  
JOÃO VICTOR RIBEIRO DA SILVA DE SOUZA
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Environmental Planning ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Agricultural Planning ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Average Monthly Precipitation ◽  
E Mail

AVALIAÇÃO DA DISPONIBILIDADE HÍDRICA NA SUB-BACIA DO BOI BRANCO ATRAVÉS DO BALANÇO HÍDRICO CLIMATOLÓGICO E DE CULTIVO  MARIANA ALEXANDRE DE LIMA SALES1; RODRIGO MÁXIMO SÁNCHEZ ROMÁN2; LEONOR RODRÍGUEZ SINOBAS3; RAIMUNDO NONATO FARIAS MONTEIRO4; JOÃO VICTOR RIBEIRO DA SILVA DE SOUZA5. 1 Tecnóloga em Irrigação e Drenagem, Doutoranda em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) – FCA/UNESP. Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu – SP, e-mail: [email protected] Eng. de Irrigação e Drenagem, Prof. Doutor FCA/UNESP. Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu, SP. Fone: (14) 3711-7100. E-mail: [email protected] Eng. Agrônoma, Profa. Doutora ETSIA/UPM, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madri, Espanha. e-mail: [email protected] Tecnólogo em Recursos Hídricos/Irrigação, Doutor em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) – FCA/UNESP. Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu – SP, e-mail: [email protected] Eng. Agrônomo, Doutorando em Agronomia (Irrigação e Drenagem) – FCA/UNESP. Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, CEP 18610-307, Botucatu – SP, e-mail: [email protected].  1 RESUMO Uma das formas de contabilizar a quantidade de água de um determinado sistema é por meio do balanço hídrico, o qual é uma importante ferramenta para o processo de avaliação do ciclo da água em uma determinada região. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o balanço hídrico na sub-bacia hidrográfica do Boi Branco-SP, para servir como ferramenta ao planejamento hidroagrícola e ambiental da região. Para o balanço hídrico climatológico, utilizaram-se dados da série histórica da região (1971 a 1995). Os dados de evapotranspiração foram estimados pelo método de Thornthwaite. O balanço hídrico climatológico mostrou déficit hídrico total anual de 10,1 mm, e um excedente de 319,7 mm, tendo no mês de janeiro um excedente de 92,6 mm, para a precipitação média mensal; com a precipitação efetiva mensal com probabilidade de 75%, déficit hídrico no solo é de 238,8 mm e o excedente 56,8 mm. Quando se adiciona a esses dados os das culturas implantadas na área de estudo, como coeficiente de cultivo e fator de depleção da umidade do solo, observa-se que todas as culturas do estudo apresentaram déficit hídrico em todos os meses em que estiveram no campo. Palavras-chave: Planejamento hidroagrícola, capacidade de água disponível no solo, evapotranspiração.  SALES, M. A. L.; SÁNCHEZ-ROMÁN, R. M.; SONOBAS, L. R.; MONTEIRO, R. N. F.; SOUZA, J. V. R. S.ASSESSMENT OF WATER AVAILABILITY AT BOI BRANCO WATERSHED   THROUGH CLIMATIC WATER BALANCE AND GROWING  2 ABSTRACT One way to calculate the amount of water in a determined system is by means of the water balance, an important tool for the assessment of the water cycle in a specific region. The main goal of this work was to establish the water balance in the watershed Boi Branco-SP, so that it can be used as a tool for the hydro-agricultural and environmental planning of the region. For the climatic water balance, data of the historical series of the region (1971 - 1995) were used. Evapotranspiration data were estimated by the Thornthwaite method. The climatic water balance showed  total annual water deficit  of 10.1 mm, and surplus of 319.7 mm, with January presenting surplus  of  92.6 in the average monthly precipitation; given that the effective monthly precipitation presenting probability of 75%,  water deficit  in the soil  is 238.8 mm and surplus is 56.8 mm. When these data are added to the ones of the crop, as a crop coefficient and soil humidity depletion factor, it is observed that all crops studied showed water deficit  in all the months covered. Keyword: Water agricultural planning, water capability available in the soil, evapotranspiration.

scholarly journals Successions of microbiotic communities of sandy soils in pine stands of different ages in the forest-steppe zone

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 15-15
Author(s):  
Nikolay Nevedrov ◽  
Ekaterina Kuznetsova ◽  
Elena Baidak ◽  
Galina Popova
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Turf Soils ◽  
Response Increase ◽  
Transformation Processes

Peculiarities of transformation processes in soils should be taken into account when developing strategies for their rational use and optimization of their functions. The purpose of the work is to study the successions of soil microbiotic coenosis of azonal Al-Fe-humus sandy soils in pine forest stands of different age in the cities of the Kursk region. Traditional and innovative methods of studying the microbiological activity of soils are used in the work. Al-Fe-humus sandy soils of the forest-steppe covered with 100-year-old stands of Scots pine emit 2.1-2.3 times more CO2 than Al-Fe-humus sandy soils under 25 - and 70-year-old stands of pine and 1.5 times more than similar soils under herbaceous phytocenoses. It has been established that stands of Scots pine during 100 years of vegetation lead to significant changes in the basic properties of soils, changes in response, increase in podzolic process, changes in hydrothermal conditions, as well as increase in the biomass of the main groups of soil microorganisms (up to 38.1 times). Keywords: MICROMYCETES, ACTINOMYCETES, SANDY PODZOLS, GRAY HUMUS (TURF) SOILS, CO2 EMISSION, MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOILS

scholarly journals Influence of climatic conditions on productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 04006
Author(s):  
E L Turina ◽  
T Ya Prakhova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Crimea

The purpose of the research is to assess the productivity and adaptability of Camelina sativa depending on the natural and climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region and the steppe Crimea. The researches were conducted in two regions (Penza and Crimea) with contrasting hydrothermal conditions in 2015–2019 years. Climate conditions in the years of researches were characterized by significant variability in both the degree of humidity and temperature regime in both regions. The hydrothermal coefficient in the Crimea varied in the range of 0.23–1.11, in the conditions of Penza - from 0.45 to 1.10. The index of environmental conditions varied from -0.58 to 1.28 units depending on the natural and climatic zone. On average, in 2015–2019, the productivity of Camelina changed from 1.45 to 1.79 t/ha in Penza and from 0.56 to 1.66 t/ha in Crimea. The highest yield of Camelina sativa was recorded in 2016 in Penza and in 2017 in the Crimea and amounted to 1.79 and 1.66 t/ha, respectively. The value of the index of environmental conditions is 1.17 and 1.28 with hydrothermal coefficient of 0.82 and 0.61, respectively. Depending on the conditions of the year and the region, the oil content varied from 33.9 to 43.9 %. At the same time, there is a tendency to decrease the amount of oil for all years of study in the direction from the Crimea to the zone of the Penza region. Camelina sativa is characterized by a high level of resistance to stressful conditions (0.49– 1.10), differs in environmental adaptability (bi=1.15–1.17), has a high fitness criterion, 41.2–41.5 g/m2, depending on the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of Precipitation Variability and Trends Based on Satellite Estimations for a Heterogeneous Colombian Region

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Enrique Morales-Acuña ◽  
Jean R. Linero-Cueto ◽  
Fausto A. Canales
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Heterogeneous Region ◽  
Average Monthly Precipitation

Adequate water resources management includes understanding patterns and spatiotemporal variability of precipitation, as this variable is determinant for ecosystems’ stability, food security, and most human activities. Based on satellite estimations validated through ground measurements from 59 meteorological stations, the objective of this study is to evaluate the long-term spatiotemporal variability and trends of the average monthly precipitation in the Magdalena Department, Colombia, for the 1981–2018 period. This heterogeneous region comprises many different ecoregions in its 23,188 km2 area. The analysis of spatial variability allowed for the determination of four different subregions based on the differences in the average values of precipitation and the degree of rainfall variability. The trend analysis indicates that the current rainfall patterns contradict previous estimates of a progressive decrease in annual averages due to climate change in the study region, as most of the department does not exhibit statistically significant trends, except for the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta area, where this study found reductions between 10 mm yr−1 and 30 mm yr−1. The findings of this study also suggest the existence of some links between precipitation patterns with regional phenomena of climate variability and solar activity.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of autumn and spring application herbicides in winter wheat crops in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-190
Author(s):  
I. Storchous
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Effective Period ◽  
Negative Impacts

Goal. Justification for autumn and spring application of herbicides in crops of winter wheat in conditions of Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. Methods. Observation, analysis and synthesis in conjunction with special methods. Special methods: field — for evaluation of the properties of weeds to reproduce and regenerate, the study of ontogenesis and morphogenesis, depending on various factors; quantity and weight — to determine the level of contamination of sowing, growth parameters and development of plants, productivity and elements of structure; mathematically-statistical — to determine the reliability of the results. Results. The level of technical efficiency of herbicides and derivatives aromatic amines and sulfonylureas. Improved control segetal vegetation and identifies the effective period for the application of herbicides in crops of winter wheat with the aim of ensuring high crop yield. Studies have confirmed that the timely and maximum destruction of weeds in crops of winter wheat contributed to better growth and development of plants in culture, which showed its competitiveness to counter the negative impacts segetal vegetation throughout the growing season. Conclusions. The optimal timing for herbicide application in the autumn in crops of winter wheat is the phenological phase of development of the culture of the 1—2 leaf, the rate of consumption of sulfonylureas: Marafon KC — 4.0 l/ha was Grodil Maxi OD, and.d. — 0,11 l/ha, Granstar gold 75, v.g. — 0,035 kg/ha, Starane Premium 330 EC, k.e. — 0.5 l/ha. During the autumn application of technical efficiency of 100% had the variant with the application of herbicide Granstar gold 75, VG with a dose rate of 0.035 kg/ha. With the herbicide in the spring, the optimal time was the phenological phase of cultural development — tillering. Technical efficiency of the medicines when spring application in all variants amounted to 90—100%.

scholarly journals ПОКАЗАТЕЛЬ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ БИОТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА АГРОЭКОСИСТЕМ ПРИ УМЕНЬШЕНИИ ПЕСТИЦИДНЫХ НАГРУЗОК

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (03) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
A. M. Sumarokov ◽  
A. V. Zhukov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystem ◽  
Insect Fauna ◽  
Agricultural Ecosystems ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
Pesticide Load

<p>The research paper estimated the reaction of Herpetobiont adult beetles (Coleoptera) on the reducing of the pesticide load in the agro-ecosystems of the steppe zone of Ukraine. We choose the crops of Triticum vulgare Host., Hordeum sativum L., Pisum sativum L., Zea mays L., Helianthus annus L. and Medicago sativa L., being part of field rotation as test cultures. The main long-term constant observations were conducted on Sinelnikovо Selection and Experimental Station of the Institute of Grain Farming, National Academy of Agrarian Sciences (Ukraine), located in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Based on the comparative characteristics of two study periods, namely: 1st - the period of intensive use of pesticides (1983-1989) and 2nd - period of substantial (by 10-12 times) reduce of pesticide press in Ukraine (1999-2005) we succeed to show that during second period in the fields of agrosystems cultures there was significant increase in number of species of beetles, particularly zoophagous, and their abundance. The studies proved the ability of natural populations of predatory beetles to effectively control the population of harmful insect fauna in agricultural ecosystems at economically safe level without the use of pesticides.</p> <p><em>Keywords: agricultural ecosystems, integrated agricultural ecosystem, reducing of pesticide load, reaction of beetles, the steppe zone of Ukraine.</em><em></em></p>

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate and Land Cover on Soil Organic Carbon in the Eastern Qilian Mountains, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5790
Author(s):  
Junju Zhou ◽  
Dongxiang Xue ◽  
Li Lei ◽  
Lanying Wang ◽  
Guoshuang Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Land Cover Types ◽  
The Mean

Soil, as the largest organic carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystem, plays a significant role in regulating the global carbon cycle, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, and global climate change. It is of great significance to scientifically understand the change rule and influence mechanism of soil organic carbon (SOC) to further understand the "source–sink" transformation of SOC and its influence on climate change. In this paper, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and influencing mechanism of SOC were analyzed by means of field investigation and laboratory analysis and the measured data in the Eastern Qilian Mountains. The results showed that the average SOC content of 0–50 cm was 35.74 ± 4.15 g/kg and the range of coefficients of variation (CV) between 48.84% and 75.84%, which suggested that the SOC content exhibited moderate heterogeneity at each soil layer of the Eastern Qilian Mountains. In four land cover types, the SOC content of forestland was the highest, followed by alpine meadow, grassland, and wilderness, which presented surface enrichment, and there was a decreasing trend with the soil depth. From the perspective of seasonal dynamics, there was a uniform pattern of SOC content in different land cover types, shown to be the highest in winter, followed by autumn, spring, and summer, and with the biggest difference between winter and summer appearing in the surface layer. At the same time, our study suggested that the SOC content of different land cover types was closely related to aboveground biomass and negatively related to both the mean monthly temperature and the mean monthly precipitation. Therefore, the distribution and variation of SOC was the result of a combination of climate, vegetation, and other factors.

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