REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF POPULATION’S MIGRATION ACTIVITY IN THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-169
Author(s):  
ROMAN TESLIUK ◽  
◽  
NADIIA RUSHCHYSHYN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Migratory Activity ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Difference

Analysis of the population’s migration activity in the Carpathian region of Ukraine is necessary to determine the spatial basis for the formation and development of territorial communities, development and implementation of demographic and socio-economic policy measures. The level of immigration to the Carpathian region from 2012 to 2020, annually exceeded the level of emigration. During this period, the urban settlements in the region are characterized by a stable migration increase (25 thousand people), while there was a migration reduction of the rural population of the region (by 4 thousand people). The increase is typical for Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk regions, the negative migration balance is for Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions. The share of international migrants in migration flows in the Carpathian region is small, the population of Transcarpathia and Bukovina is more active in this regard. Interregional migration links are close between Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions. There is a noticeable reduction in the difference between the number of arrivals and departures, but in general the Carpathian region continues to be attractive for migration to residents of other country regions. In general, in 2016-2019, the population of the Carpathian region due to migration increased by 4 people per 10,000 population. The population’s migratory activity in the Carpathian region has a suburbanization character, which indicates the suburban areas attractive for living and working. Along with this, there is a significant leaching of human potential from mountainous areas, northern and north-eastern districts in Ivano-Frankivsk and Chernivtsi regions, industrial cities in the Carpathian region. The main threat to the development of the Carpathian region, caused by internal migration, is primarily the depopulation of some villages in the region, which is now manifested in the aging rural population. In the future, the unfavorable demographic situation in rural areas may lead to the decline of the local economy, social infrastructure and a general decline in the quality of life of residents.

Regulation of the population migration activity: priorities for the Carpathian region of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryana Bil
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Stimulation Of

The article reveals the content of the migration activity of the population. Migration activity in the system of migratory terms was proposed to be considered as the ability of the entity (an individual, a household, population of a particular territory) to change the place of residence, which is accompanied by initiative activity (work, study) and changes in human potential according to needs, goals, and views. The key problems of the migration activity of the Carpathian region were identified. They were distributed according to relevance for the population (social insecurity of migrants, distant families, the rapid growth of migration activity of young people in the higher education segment), business (lack of skilled labor, difficulties in hiring young specialists (high expectations for pay, etc.)), societies (additional pressure on the social infrastructure of people arriving in the region, lack of demand for social services (including education), unregulated and asymmetric cross-border space) and power (loss of human potential, dual citizenship, especially the border population, international corridors of illegal migrants, geopolitical speculation with risks for Ukraine's territorial integrity) across the directions of Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Slovakia were identified. The priorities of migration regulation in the Carpathian region were offered – providing of complex and constant monitoring of the level of migration activity (potential, real), implementation of special state programs of the first workplace, implementation of special regional programs of stimulation of educational re-emigration, stimulation of improvement of services quality, especially business development and self-employment in border settlements as alternatives to «shuttle» migration, counteracting issuing passports of citizens of other countries to residents of border settlements, compulsory Ukrainian language use in educational institutions.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZATION AND COOPERATION IN AGRICULTURAL TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-186
Author(s):  
Дафик Хафизов ◽  
Dafik Khafizov ◽  
Марсель Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Agricultural Tourism

The article reflects the main statistical aspects characterizing the state of the modern market economy and the tourist industry. The dynamics of tourism development in Russia is analyzed, the potential of which is revealed on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan. The place of rural tourism in the development of rural areas is promoted, which contributes to the improvement of accomplishment of settlements, the development of engineering and social infrastructure; creation of new jobs; reduction of the level of unemployment in rural areas, growth of incomes of rural residents, development of small business, as well as increasing the ecological attractiveness of rural areas; increase the cultural and cognitive level of the rural population; replenishment of local budgets with additional funds. The problems of organization and cooperation in rural tourism have been identified, which impede the effective use of the tourist destination space. The most acute of them are: the underestimation of the importance of rural tourism in solving a number of national and regional problems, such as the preservation of small settlements, the cultural and historical heritage of the territories, rural life, increasing incomes, improving the living conditions of the rural population, streamlining the use of natural objects ; the absence of a national concept and a well-defined national policy for the development of rural tourism; acute shortage of financial and credit resources, difficulties in obtaining land for these purposes; inadequate degree of regulation of issues of interaction between hosts of guest houses with state, controlling, tax authorities.

scholarly journals THE TAMBOS OF THE PERUVIAN RURAL TERRITORY: A SYSTEMATIC CATALOG PROPOSAL AS DESIGN STRATEGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-94
Author(s):  
Cristian Yarasca-Aybar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Essential Services ◽  
Infrastructure Program

The tambos are small buildings that function as social platforms in Peruvian rural areas to provide essential services to the entire vulnerable and dispersed rural population. The Peruvian government intends to implement more than a thousand new tambos in the national territory. However, this social infrastructure program faces heterogeneous conditions and demands according to Peru’s geographical and population complexity. This article proposes developing a systematic catalog of modular components as a design strategy for the architectural approach of future tambos. Georeferenced data and climate design guidelines were used to conduct this study. As a result, the systematic catalog synthesizes critical variables such as natural regions and programmatic requirements to generate diverse architectural configurations of the new tambos. Therefore, these future buildings would be optimally articulated in different areas of influence under a systematic vision of the Peruvian rural territory.

scholarly journals RURAL TERRITORIES OF KAZAKHSTAN: REALITIES, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Bakhyt Kalykova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Objective Basis ◽  
Effective Development

The study deals with the formation of a model of sustainable and effective development of agriculture and rural areas as the main task of implementing the State agricultural policy. The relevance of the tasks set by the author lies in considering the living conditions in the countryside as an integrated approach to the country's economy in order to diversify the types of activities in rural areas, create new sources of income. The directions representing a new economic paradigm of rural development in Kazakhstan are justified. The ways of implementing a comprehensive policy are shown, which consists in the partnership of public structures, local governments, public organizations and private sector, so that in the future, rural areas will become the most important socioeconomic and ecological subsystem of society. One of the key issues in the development of a model of modernization of the Kazakh countryside - the methodology for assessing the strategy and taken measures are highlighted. It is noted that monitoring of a wide variety of regional situations in rural settlements is of great scientific importance in creating a reliable and objective basis for developing substantiated measures to improve the quality of life of the rural population and determining priorities. The author states that the implementation of the "Auyl - El besigi" program contributes to the development of support and satellite villages, which have the potential to increase the level of life and well-being of rural residents, modernize the social infrastructure of the SNP JSC "Fund for Financial Support of Agriculture" allocated significant amounts to ensure employment of the rural population. The program condition in the funded projects should be startups, proposals for non-agricultural areas of expansion of activities in rural areas.

scholarly journals Demographic situation in rural locality of Ukraine: trends and regional features

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Iryna Hudzelyak ◽  
Iryna Dnistryanska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rural Settlement ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Aspect Social ◽  
Rural Locality

Ukrainian rural locality marks of negative demographic trends, which began to appear in most areas from the 1970-80s and primarily connected with depopulation processes. Forced industrialization and urbanization caused a migratory outflow of rural residents that was additionally predetermined by liquidation policy of hamlets and “unpromising villages”. It led to the exhaustion of the demographic potential, reduction in reproductive cohorts and to the aging population. Most acutely these trends were detected in Chernihiv, Sumy, Poltava, Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions, where natural geography factors also didn’t promote the expansion of rural settlement network. Large negative impact on the reproduction of human potential was famine in 1932-1933. Depopulation of village people in Ukraine has taken place under the influence of unbalanced in spatial aspect social development. Namely, though stable underfunding there was a steady decline in health and education sector and in the other branches of social service completely did not meet the needs of modern society, which has lowered among young people the attractiveness of the villages as place permanent residence. Significant migration losses and lowering of the birth rate defined trends of rural population aging, faster than urban areas. Natural reproduction of rural population has a narrowed nature and is noted by a gradual decline in the birth rate, which remains higher than in urban areas, mainly due to high mortality too distorted age structure. Natural and migration movement of the rural population defined the dynamics of the rural settlement network: reduced the number of settlements in almost all regions of Ukraine except Lviv, Ternopil, Ivano-Frankivsk, Chernivtsi, Volyn, Kherson and Zakarpattia region. The greatest reduction in the number of villages – in Poltava, Sumy, Chernihiv and Kirovohrad regions. Stabilization of depopulation processes in rural areas is possible implementation of social policies and activation of the processing industries related to the agricultural sector. Key words: rural population, rural settlement, depopulation aging, natural reproduction, migration outflow.

scholarly journals TYPOLOGY OF RURAL TERRITORIES BY LEVEL OF ENGINEERING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
S.A. Popova ◽  
◽  
E.E. Smotrova ◽  
E.A. Kolpakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Impact

The relevance of the study is that the poor quality and fragmentary engineering arrangement of rural settlements negatively affects the demographics of rural areas. The aim of the study is to develop a comprehensive methodology for assessing the impact of the state of engineering infrastructure of rural settlements on the demography of rural territories, which is an integral indicator of the proposed rural population density. The paper proposes a method for a comprehensive assessment of rural areas by the level of development of engineering infrastructure. The composite index of rural engineering infrastructure development aggregates seven private statistical indicators calculated for each region of Russia in 2018 and normalized using the linear scaling method. The main difference between the author’s method and the previously conducted research is the combination of the results of ranking Russian regions by the level of development of engineering infrastructure in rural areas with grouping by the density of the rural population. The novelty of the proposed approach is associated with the formation of two-dimensional groupings of rural areas, where population density is regarded as the primary grouping characteristics, and the level of development of engineering infrastructure as a secondary grouping characteristic that gave the possibility to evaluate the correlation between the level of development of social and engineering infrastructure of rural territories and their people. The results of the correlation analysis indicate a moderate relationship between the density of the rural population and the level of development of engineering infrastructure in rural areas. In practical terms, the typology formed serves as an objective basis for identifying and comparing growth points and priorities for sustainable spatial development of rural territories in the future, which creates prerequisites for the unification of state approaches to strategic planning and management of socio-economic development of rural territories of the Russian Federation and regions. The directions of further research are related to the development of the proposed approach in terms of comprehensive coverage of other components of socio-economic development of rural areas (demography, economy, agriculture, social infrastructure) for a more complete assessment of their impact on the rural population density.

scholarly journals Natives and Migrants in the Population Structure of Russian and Bashkortostan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Guldar F. Akhmetova
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Migration Activity ◽  
Rural Migrants ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Based on the data of the All-Russian population censuses of 2002 and 2010, as well as the micro-census of 2015, the author examines the dynamics of the structure of the urban and rural population of Russia and Bashkortostan in terms of the representation of two categories of residents – local natives living in a place of permanent residence without leaving, and migrants, that is, those who live in a place since a certain time or are a local native with migration experience. A comparative analysis of the population census data revealed the following trends in the migration mobility of the population of Russia and Bashkortostan in the first decade and a half of this century. The results of the 2002 census showed the dominance of “non-migrants” in the urban and rural population both in the whole country and in Bashkortostan. They were more represented in the republic than in Russia. The intensification of migration processes in the following years led to the reverse ratio of different categories of the population in 2010 – the predominance of migrants and a decrease in the proportion of local natives living without leaving. During this period, migration flows increased not only to cities, but also to rural areas, which also affected the higher representation of rural migrants. Five years later, the 2015 micro-census data brought the population structure closer to the situation in 2002 – the dominance of local natives, which to a certain extent indicates a decrease in the migration mobility of the population. However, the results of the micro-census could also be influenced by organizational and methodological reasons related to different approaches to accounting for the most mobile categories of the population. At the same time, the decline in migration activity of the population in the period between 2010 and 2015 is also indicated by the results of representative sociological studies both in the country as a whole and in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The general trend of changes in the population structure between 2002 and 2015 is characterized by a lower representation of migrants and a greater representation of local natives in Bashkortostan compared to Russia at the beginning of the period under review and the alignment of national and all-Russian indicators by 2015. To a certain extent, this may be due to the fact that the decline in migration mobility of the population in the republic was not as intense as in the whole country. The upcoming population census will provide an opportunity to get a more complete picture of the nature of changes in the genetic structure of the population over the past decade.

scholarly journals Methodology for the formulation of a set of measures for the development of rural areas

2022 ◽  
Vol 354 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 158-162
Author(s):  
M. G. Leshcheva ◽  
Yu. A. Yuldashbayev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
State Support ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Programs ◽  
Selection Of

Relevance. The current state of rural areas is characterized by poor development of engineering and social infrastructure, low, compared to urban, standard of living, negative forms of migration, natural decline and depopulation of the rural population. Within the framework of state regulation of the process of overcoming the current situation, state support is provided for measures for the development of rural areas put forward on the basis of local initiatives (ofmunicipalities, citizens, professional communities). However, generally accepted scientific recommendations for the formulation of such measures are not currently developed, so the topic of the study is relevant.Methods. The research is based on systematic, dialectical, abstract-logical, and organizational approaches. The object of the study is rural territories, the subject is theoretical and methodological issues related to the formulation of measures for their development.Results. A methodological approach to the formulation of a set of measures for the development of rural areas, taking into account the opportunities provided by the current state programs, is proposed. It includes the following stages: analysis of the state of the rural territory; forecasting the directions and dynamics of its development; determination of objective needs and selection of the most appropriate changes in the properties of the rural territory; formulation of a set of measures and justification of mechanisms for their implementation. In the proposed methodological approach, the rural territory is considered not in isolation, but in a single system of settlement “city — village” based on the use of SWOT and PEST analysis. At the stage of forecasting the directions and dynamics of rural development, a comprehensive use of the normative resource method and the method of extrapolation of time series trends is proposed. The selection of the most appropriate changes in the properties of the rural territory is carried out on the basis of a multi-level approach that allows to identify the problems of rural settlements, individual social groups and rural residents. It is proposed to justify the mechanisms for implementing measures for the development of rural areas based on the resources of municipalities, rural population, private business and state support measures.

scholarly journals The study of epidemiological correlates of hypertension among the rural population of Mehsana district of North Gujarat region, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilesh Thakor ◽  
Pankaj B. Nimbalkar ◽  
Maulik D. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Gender ◽  
North Gujarat

Background: The changing lifestyle factors in rural population are associated with increase in hypertension. Objective was to find out the epidemiological correlates of hypertension among the rural population.Methods: This was cross sectional study and conducted in rural areas of Mehsana district of Gujarat during January 2019 to June 2019. People living rural areas were selected by stratified random sampling. They were screened for hypertension by JNC VII criteria using sphygmomanometer and detailed personal, past and family history was taken after written and informed consent. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and analysis was done using SPSS statistical package.Results: Out of total 602 subjects, 93 (15.4%) were hypertensive. Out of total 93 hypertensive subjects, 50 (53.8%) were females. A blood pressure category and gender difference were not statically significant (p=0.89). Out of 93 hypertensive subjects, 42 (45.2%) subjects were in the age group of ≥60 years. The difference between age groups and blood pressure category was significant (p<0.0001). Out of 93 hypertensive subjects’ majority 85 (91.4%) had negative tobacco history while only 8 (8.6%) consumed tobacco in any form. The tobacco history and blood pressure category were not significantly associated (p=0.211). Out of total 93 hypertensive subjects, 54 (58.1%) subjects were (≥25) body mass index (BMI). Categories of BMI and hypertension were extremely significantly associated (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Hypertension is significantly associated with age, socio economic class and BMI.  

scholarly journals LITHUANIAN REGIONS BY THE TYPE OF RURAL SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilma ATKOČIŪNIENĖ ◽  
Ilona KIAUŠIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Infrastructure System

Rural areas face constant increase of partially used rural social infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as RSI) facilities, coordination of which shows insufficient level of description and professionalism, functions performed by RSI organisations are not aligned. As a result of a bad situation of rural social infrastructure, small rural areas face with decline. The research aim – having theoretically analysed the factors that determine social infrastructure development, to make the analysis of RSI situation and the analysis of the factors that influence development in Lithuanian rural regions. The following objectives have been solved: analysed theoretically the factors determining the development of the rural social infrastructure; analysed the condition of RSI and the factors influencing upon its development in Lithuanian rural regions. The research methods are the survey and the analysis of the scientific literature, scientific literature systemization, matching and comparison, multiple-criteria statistical data analyses and syntheses, expert evaluation. Integrated RSI condition indicators were calculated for each municipality and compared with indicators established for other municipalities in order to determine the RSI development level of each region. Analysis’ results showed that the sector of communications and telecommunications is valued best, while the sector of protection of persons and property is assessed worst. Bad RSI situation is observed in 35.29 percent Lithuanian municipalities. There is no rural territory, showing perfect level of RSI development. This permits to draw a conclusion about the differences of the situation of the whole infrastructure system and social-economic problems. Problems of territorial and social cohesion are formed due to the uneven RSI development in individual regions/municipalities. Regions/municipalities with poor RSI lags behind the needs of local population are less attractive for investments, settling down, living, resting, such areas show higher unemployment rate, lower disposable incomes of households, residents are forced into a corner, limited sustainable development, and weak local economy.

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