scholarly journals Risk Factors and Aetiological Agents of Urethritis in Men with Urethritis in Brașov County

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (62) (2) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Marius Irimie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Urethral Discharge ◽  
Educational Counseling ◽  
Study Results

"Introduction: Despite advances in the diagnosis and treatment of urethritis, they remain a global public health problem worldwide. Patients with urethritis have a higher risk sexual behavior than the general population. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk factors and the etiological pathogens of urethritis in men among Brașov county. Patients and methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Medlife-PDR Clinic from Brașov, România, from Jan 2016 to Nov, 2020. 111 male patients aged from 17 to 78 years (mean age 34.5±10.26) presenting with dysuria, micturition discomfort and/or urethral discharge were included in the study. Results: The highest incidence of urethritis was among men aged 21-40 years. The acquisition of urethral infection was related to their young age, low educational level, multiple sexual partners and lack of condom use, most having extramarital relations including commercial sex. N. gonorrhoeae was identified as a causative agent in 18 (16.22%) patients with urethritis, C. trachomatis in 39 (35.14%) patients, Mycoplasma spp. in 5 (4.5%) patients, Ureaplasma spp. in 30 (27.03%) patients, Trichomonas vaginalis in 6 (5.4%) patients. A concurrent infection with N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis was identified in one patient (0.01%). In 12 patients (9.9%) other infectious agents were identified and in one case the aetiological agent could not be identified (0.01%). Conclusion: By identifying risky sexual behaviors, clinicians may be able to provide educational counseling as well as assistance in the diagnosis and treatment of urethritis. "

Therapeutic options in male osteoporosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 271-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Farahmand ◽  
J. D. Ringe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Male Osteoporosis ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Modes Of Action ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Male Patients

SummaryOsteoporosis in men is increasingly recognized as an important public health problem but affected patients are still under-diagnosed and -treated. As in women the diagnostic and therapeutic strategy has to be adapted to the individual case. In the practical management it is very important to detect possible causes of secondary osteoporosis, to explain the possibilities of basic therapy counteracting individual risk factors and communicate that osteoporosis is a chronic disease and adherence to a long-term treatment is crucial. In established severe osteoporosis a careful analgesic therapy is important to avoid further bone loss related to immobility. In elderly men with increased risk of falling insufficient Vitamin D supply or impaired activation of Vitamin D due to renal insufficiency must be taken into consideration. Specific medications available today for the treatment of male osteoporosis comprise among antiresorptive drugs the bis phosphonates alendronate, risedronate and zoledronic acid. Denosumab, the first biological therapy is approved for men with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. An important advantage of this potent antiresorptive drug is the increased adherence due to the comfortable application by sixmonthly subcutaneous injections. Study results from the 2-year multi-center randomized controlled ADAMO-Study will very soon allow the use of denosumab in all types of male osteoporosis. Teriparatide, the 34 N-terminal amino acid sequence of parathyroid hormone was approved for men with osteoporosis as an anabolic agent based on proven efficacy by different studies. Among drugs with other modes of action the D-hormone pro-drug alfacalcidol can be used in men alone or in combination with the advantage of pleiotropic effects on calcium absorption, parathyroids, bone and muscle. Recently also Strontium-ranelate was approved for male patients with the limitation to exclude men with clinical relevant cardiovascular risk factors. In general the possibilities to treat male osteoporosis have considerably improved during recent years. Today there is a choice of a spectrum of drugs from mild to strong potency with different modes of action on bone turnover to design strategies for individual male patients.

scholarly journals Medication Error in Anaesthesia – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Montosh Kumar Mondal ◽  
Beauty Rani Roy ◽  
Shibani Banik ◽  
Debabrata Banik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Medication error is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in medical profession . There is an increasing recognition that medication errors are causing a substantial global public health problem, as many result in harm to patients and increased costs to health providers.Anaesthesia is now safe and routine, yet anaesthetists are not immune from making medication errors and the consequences of their mistakes may be more serious than those of doctors in other specialties. Steps are being taken to determine the extent of the problem of medication error in anaesthesia. In this review, incidence, types, risk factors and preventive measures of the medication errors are discussed in detail.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 31-35

scholarly journals Substance Use: Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors among Undergraduate Students in a Tertiary Institution in Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
K.A. Durowade ◽  
O.E. Elegbede ◽  
G.B. Pius-Imue ◽  
A. Omeiza ◽  
M. Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Public Health

Background: Substance use is a global public health problem with increasing burden among university students. This study assessed the prevalence, pattern and risk factors of substance use among undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of undergraduate students of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select respondents. Data collection tool was a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. Statistical significance was set at p value <0.05Results: The respondents’ mean age was 19.5 ± 2.0 years and all 416 (100.0%) were aware of substance abuse. The prevalence of substance use was 299 (71.9%). Alcohol 133 (32.0%) and over-the-counter drugs (29.9%) were the two most commonly used substance. Being male (p=0.017) and in 400 level (p=0.047) were associated with substance use while curiosity 112 (37.5%), peer pressure 95 (31.8%) and school stress 85 (28.4%) were reasons given. Predictors of substance use were being a female (aOR: 2.54; 95% CI=1.89-3.66; p=0.011), civil servant mother (aOR: 5.75; 95% CI=1.90-17.4; p=0.002) and mother with secondary education (aOR: 5.27; 95% CI= 2.20- 12.65; p<0.001).Conclusion: There was high prevalence of substance use with curiosity, peer pressure and school stress being influencers of substance use among the study population. Predictors of substance use were being a female, civil servant mother and mother with secondary education. The University authority should institute measures to prevent access to alcohol and other substances by the students.

scholarly journals PERSONAL HYGIENE AND ANTHELMINTIC CONSUMPTION IN PREVENTION OF ENTEROBIASIS AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
Ratna Muliawati ◽  
Mushidah Mushidah ◽  
Siti Musyarofah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Prevalence Odds Ratio

Background: Pinworm infection remains a global public health problem in Indonesia, with the highest prevalence in primary school–aged children. The government has made helminthiasis control efforts through annual deworming every six months, yet data on the enterobiasis prevalence and its risk factors are still limited. Purpose: This research aimed to determine the role of personal hygiene and anthelmintic or worm medicine consumption in the prevention of enterobiasis among primary school children. Methods: This research employed an analytic observational method with a cross-sectional design. The population used was primary school children in the Public Health Center (PHC) of Kaliwungu area, Kendal District, Central Java Province. The research sample was 150 students from first grade to third grade at 1 Primary Elementary School 1 Kutoharjo. The data sources were obtained from interviews of risk factors and perianal swab examinations. The data were analyzed by a chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of pinworm infection among primary school children remains high (37.33%). The results of the multivariate analysis showed that there are three determinant variables of pinworm infections: not washing hands with soap before eating (p < 0.01; Prevalence Odds Ratio (POR) = 6.47; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 2.87 < POR < 14.59); not washing hands with soap after defecation (p = 0.01; POR = 3.36; 95% CI = 1.40 < POR < 8.05); and not consuming anthelmintic drugs within the past six months (p = 0.03; POR = 2.43; 95% CI = 1.08 < POR < 5.50). Conclusion: Hand washing habits and annual deworming are important factors to prevent pinworm infections.

scholarly journals Awareness on Cancer and Barriers to Health Care Seeking Among Adults of Bardiya

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
Chanda Sah ◽  
Srijana Aryal ◽  
Gita Neupane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Health Care Seeking ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

INTRODUCTION: Cancer is a leading public health problem worldwide. Low awareness on cancer leads to increase in burden of cancer diagnosis and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to find out awareness regarding cancer among people. Total 100 samples were selected by using non-probability purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interview schedule was developed with the guide of the Cancer Awareness Measure (CAM) to collect data. Collected data were analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The findings of the study showed that none of the study respondents were aware of all the nine warning signs of cancer. Majority (80%) of the respondents were aware that “a sore that doesn’t heal” and minority (15%) knew about “change in bowel and bladder habit” as warning signs of cancer. Regarding risk factors, majority knew chemical fertilizer and pesticides and unseasonal fruits and vegetables (90%), smoking (88%) as risk factors of cancer and minority (32%) knew about excessive sun exposure. There was statistically significant association between respondents’ level of awareness regarding cancer with education status (p= 0.011). CONCLUSION: Findings of the study revealed that more than half (68%) of the adults had low awareness regarding cancer. Emotional barriers (88%) were known to be affecting health care seeking behaviours for cancer. Therefore, it is recommended to organize health awareness campaigns addressing emotional barriers might improve in early diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence in Bangladesh: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-27
Author(s):  
Jhantu Bakchi ◽  
Satyajit Kundu ◽  
Subarna Ghosh ◽  
Sumaiya Akter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Unwanted Pregnancy ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Study Results

Introduction: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has unfavorable consequences for women as well as for newborn babies, which is very serious and preventable public health problem. It is believed to have an excessive occurrence in lives of women in South Asia. The objective of this study is to describe the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of IPV in Bangladesh. Methods: A scoping review was carried out based on the past 12 years of posted and gray literature about IPV in Bangladesh using Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Only the literature addressing abuses or violence in households or outside including physical, sexual or mental violence on the married woman in Bangladesh were taken into consideration for the study. Results: The overall prevalence of IPV in Bangladesh, the latest reviews of rates ranging from 15.5-82.7%.Most of the IPV in Bangladesh was based totally on the experience of legally married women. The main risk factors of IPV in Bangladesh were women being younger, from lower socioeconomic reputation, from lower academic attainment and lower education of husband, dowry, child marriage, perceived disobedience of wives, family conflict, children had recently been ill, and incapability of to furnish sexual satisfaction. Maternal depressive symptoms, signs of stress, anxiety and constraint to the better health of young children are the main consequences of IPV in Bangladesh. Besides, IPV causes unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy loss in the form of miscarriage, induced abortion, or stillbirth and termination of pregnancy in Bangladesh. Conclusions: Woman’s empowerment may reduce IPV and understanding attitudes towards IPV in cultural context could be crucial for developing interventions to reduce IPV and its consequences.

scholarly journals Factors associated with mortality from tuberculosis in Iran: an application of a generalized estimating equation-based zero-inflated negative binomial model to national registry data

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019032
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sarvi ◽  
Abbas Moghimbeigi ◽  
Hossein Mahjub ◽  
Mahshid Nasehi ◽  
Mahmoud Khodadost
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
Negative Binomial Model ◽  
Generalized Estimating Equation ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Generalized Estimating

OBJECTIVES: Tuberculosis (TB) is a global public health problem that causes morbidity and mortality in millions of people per year. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of potential risk factors with TB mortality in Iran.METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed on 9,151 patients with TB from March 2017 to March 2018 in Iran. Data were gathered from all 429 counties of Iran by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Statistical Center of Iran. In this study, a generalized estimating equation-based zero-inflated negative binomial model was used to determine the effect of related factors on TB mortality at the community level. For data analysis, R version 3.4.2 was used with the relevant packages.RESULTS: The risk of mortality from TB was found to increase with the unemployment rate (βˆ=0.02), illiteracy (βˆ=0.04), household density per residential unit (βˆ=1.29), distance between the center of the county and the provincial capital (βˆ=0.03), and urbanization (βˆ=0.81). The following other risk factors for TB mortality were identified: diabetes (βˆ=0.02), human immunodeficiency virus infection (βˆ=0.04), infection with TB in the most recent 2 years (βˆ=0.07), injection drug use (βˆ=0.07), long-term corticosteroid use (βˆ=0.09), malignant diseases (βˆ=0.09), chronic kidney disease (βˆ=0.32), gastrectomy (βˆ=0.50), chronic malnutrition (βˆ=0.38), and a body mass index more than 10% under the ideal weight (βˆ=0.01). However, silicosis had no effect.CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide useful information on risk factors for mortality from TB.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8877
Author(s):  
Noppon Popruk ◽  
Satakamol Prasongwattana ◽  
Aongart Mahittikorn ◽  
Attakorn Palasuwan ◽  
Supaluk Popruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Blastocystis Infection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health problem with an increasing prevalence. DM increases the risk of infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. We examined the prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in patients with and without DM in central Thailand. Stool samples and questionnaires were obtained from 130 people in the DM group and 100 people in the non-DM group. Blastocystis infection was identified via a nested polymerase chain reaction and subtyped via sequencing of the partial small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Analysis of potential risk factors was conducted via binary logistic regression. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 10.8%, including rates of 9% and 12.3% in the non-DM and DM groups, respectively. The most prevalent subtype was ST3, followed by ST1, and ST4. Factors that potentially increased the risk of Blastocystis infection include patients being >65 years old, the presence of DM, a DM duration of ≥10 years, a low level of education, and animal ownership. In conclusion, this is the first study of Blastocystis infection in DM, and a high prevalence was found among this population. Therefore, health education promoting sanitation and hygiene is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND DETERMINATION OF ITS RISK FACTORS IN KORANGRAPADY, UDUPI DISTRICT, COASTAL KARNATAKA, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Steffi Veientlena ◽  
Prabu P
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Anthropometric Measures

Objective: Hypertension is a global public health problem that estimates about 4.5% of overall disease burden. It is a general health challenge in economically developing and developed countries. High blood pressure prevalence is increased from 11.2% to 28% (p<0.001) and 23–42.2% in rural and urban area according to the study done in Delhi for about 20 years. It is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim was to identify the significant correlates of hypertension in a rural village in south India. Methods: Data were collected through a door-to-door survey among the residents of the village. Data collected was related to demographics and anthropometric measures. Blood pressure was measured with the help of the medical supervisor. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test for comparison between attributes. The potential hazard factor of hypertension was found by performing binary logistic regression model.Result: Of 299 participants considered for the study, 50 were hypertensive contributing to the overall prevalence of 16.72% with 95% confidence interval of 0.1292–0.2137, in which females have the prevalence rate of 17.8% and males with the prevalence rate of 15.5%. The study outcome identified education level, occupation, and family history of hypertension is the predicted risk factors.Conclusion: The high blood pressure prevalence is low and comparable with the studies conducted in other rural regions of India. More studies are, however, required to decide the appropriation and determinants of hypertension in different parts of this region.

Global Public Health Problem: Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-25
Author(s):  
Laxmidhar Moharana ◽  
Shakti Ketan Prusty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Hypertension is a big global public health problem. This research concentrates on exploring hypertension prevalence and its related causes in a Yemetu community located at Oyo States’ local in Nigeria. Hypertension is one of the most significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Growing on hydroxyl-butyrate as the primary source of carbon and nitrogen offered a strong competition for clones carrying new degrading enzymes, and antibiotic resistance competition established new determinants of antibiotic resistance from soil and oral flora. A descriptive & cross-sectional design was referred. Research included 804 participants of 171 households aged 18-90 years, chosen by cluster sampling methodology. It was a survey of the building to the building. World Health Organization (WHO) used STEP smart approach for tracking risk factors for chronic diseases (STEPS 1 & 2) to assess behavioral risk factors. Systolic blood pressure was described as hypertension. Overall hypertension prevalence was 33.1 percent (36.8 percent for males and 31.1 percent for females). The percentage of hypertension that is self-reported is 12.2%, as anti-hypertensive treatment actually accounted for 5.1%. The respondents mean age is 38.7 ±14.5 years. Respondents' BMI found to be 6.3%, 53.0%, 30.5% and 14.2% respectively for underweight, average, overweight and obese.

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