scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION AND DETERMINATION OF ITS RISK FACTORS IN KORANGRAPADY, UDUPI DISTRICT, COASTAL KARNATAKA, INDIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 517
Author(s):  
Steffi Veientlena ◽  
Prabu P
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Anthropometric Measures

Objective: Hypertension is a global public health problem that estimates about 4.5% of overall disease burden. It is a general health challenge in economically developing and developed countries. High blood pressure prevalence is increased from 11.2% to 28% (p<0.001) and 23–42.2% in rural and urban area according to the study done in Delhi for about 20 years. It is one of the important risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which is associated with morbidity and mortality. The aim was to identify the significant correlates of hypertension in a rural village in south India. Methods: Data were collected through a door-to-door survey among the residents of the village. Data collected was related to demographics and anthropometric measures. Blood pressure was measured with the help of the medical supervisor. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test for comparison between attributes. The potential hazard factor of hypertension was found by performing binary logistic regression model.Result: Of 299 participants considered for the study, 50 were hypertensive contributing to the overall prevalence of 16.72% with 95% confidence interval of 0.1292–0.2137, in which females have the prevalence rate of 17.8% and males with the prevalence rate of 15.5%. The study outcome identified education level, occupation, and family history of hypertension is the predicted risk factors.Conclusion: The high blood pressure prevalence is low and comparable with the studies conducted in other rural regions of India. More studies are, however, required to decide the appropriation and determinants of hypertension in different parts of this region.

scholarly journals Malnutrition Precipitated Measles Outbreak in Gewane District, Afar Regional State, Northeastern Ethiopia, 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolde Melese Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Vaccination History

Abstract Background: Measles is a contagious viral and vaccine-preventable disease that is continuing a public health problem. It is occurring as an outbreak not only in developing but also in developed countries.Methods: A 1:2 ratios, unmatched case-control study was conducted from September 19/2016- October 08/2016 in Undufo Kebele, Gewane district, Northeastern Ethiopia. Both confirmed by laboratory and epidemiologically linked measles cases were involved. Controls were those who had no clinical signs of measles during the data collection period and residents of the same community where cases were identified. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Nutritional status was measured using MUAC and the result decided based on the world health organization's nutritional categorization of children by MUAC. Data were entered into Epi-info 7 and analyzed using SPSS-21. Binary logistic regression was done to identify risk factors for measles infection with 95% confident level of Odds ratio.Result: Fifty cases and 100 controls have participated in this investigation. Four out of five samples collected were positive for measles IgM antibody. There were three deaths reported. There was no vaccination history of cases and controls. The majority of cases were female and between 6–15 years of age. In multivariable analysis, malnutrition (AOR = 3.21; 95%CI 1.871,6.334), and contact history (AOR = 12.24; 95%CI 6.992,28.121) increased the risk of contracting measles infection.Conclusion: children under 15-year age were more affected groups. The absence of vaccination in the area precipitated by a high rate of malnutrition was the main cause that aggravates the number of new infections. Contact history and malnutrition were the identified risk factors for measles infection. Therefore, increasing immunization coverage of more than 80%, and securing food security decrease the susceptibility of outbreak occurrence.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Subtype Distribution of Blastocystis Infection in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8877
Author(s):  
Noppon Popruk ◽  
Satakamol Prasongwattana ◽  
Aongart Mahittikorn ◽  
Attakorn Palasuwan ◽  
Supaluk Popruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Blastocystis Infection ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major global public health problem with an increasing prevalence. DM increases the risk of infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. We examined the prevalence, subtypes, and risk factors of Blastocystis infection in patients with and without DM in central Thailand. Stool samples and questionnaires were obtained from 130 people in the DM group and 100 people in the non-DM group. Blastocystis infection was identified via a nested polymerase chain reaction and subtyped via sequencing of the partial small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene. Analysis of potential risk factors was conducted via binary logistic regression. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis infection was 10.8%, including rates of 9% and 12.3% in the non-DM and DM groups, respectively. The most prevalent subtype was ST3, followed by ST1, and ST4. Factors that potentially increased the risk of Blastocystis infection include patients being >65 years old, the presence of DM, a DM duration of ≥10 years, a low level of education, and animal ownership. In conclusion, this is the first study of Blastocystis infection in DM, and a high prevalence was found among this population. Therefore, health education promoting sanitation and hygiene is necessary to reduce and prevent infection in the community.

scholarly journals Period prevalence of hypertension and risk factors in an urban slum of Maharashtra

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 3123
Author(s):  
Ajinkya J. J. Niwal ◽  
Muralidhar P. Tambe ◽  
S. P. Rao ◽  
Malangori A. Parande
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Cooked Food

Background: One in three adults worldwide has high blood pressure and proportion increases with age. Detecting high blood pressure is easy. Hence a study for prevalence of hypertension was conducted in an urban slum of Pune, Maharashtra.Methods: The study was conducted in an urban slum field practice area exclusively under the community medicine department of a tertiary care hospital during the period of February 2014- July 2014. Overall 1043 people fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were interviewed, and anthropometric measurements were taken, followed by blood pressure readings and awareness of own hypertensive status. Data was compiled, edited, classified, and analyzed. The prevalence of hypertensive patients was obtained and physical and behavioral risk factors were analyzed for association.Results: The prevalence of hypertension in adults above 18 years of age was 25.6% with mean age of hypertensive patients was 48.58±15.75 yrs. Hypertension was significantly associated with age, habit of adding extra salt to cooked food, family history, BMI and consumption of smokeless form of tobacco among the study participants. Hypertension was not significantly associated with gender and religion of the participants. Of the 267 hypertensives, 40.82% were aware of their hypertensive status and amongst those aware 61.46% were on anti-hypertensives.Conclusions: Hypertension is a public health problem affecting slum population as well. It is significantly associated with risk factors, which are modifiable. The awareness of hypertensive status is low, the under treatment is lower. The population in slum, with its poor literacy, low awareness and income levels provides an opportunity to make an intervention necessary as well as challenging.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study on prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among rural adults in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
T. K. Raja ◽  
T. Muthukumar ◽  
Anisha Mohan P.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hypertension is one of the non-communicable diseases, which is an important global public health problem and also the most leading cause for cardiovascular disease in both developed and developing countries. The aim and objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and to assess the associated risk factors among adults of rural population.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was done on 225 study subjects, using systemic random sampling method at Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu. Results: The study included 225 participants of which 53% were male and 47% were female. The overall prevalence of hypertension among the study population was 26.2%. Risk among male was greater than female (OR=1.390). Factors like age, body mass index, diet, family history of hypertension had significant association (p<0.05) with hypertension. Conclusions: Regular screening for hypertension among adults should be done in the general OPD as well as in health camps so that they have a knowledge regarding their own blood pressure status. Among those who already have hypertension, anti -hypertensive drugs, timely blood pressure check-up, screening for cardio vascular diseases and self-care management of hypertension need to be promoted. 

scholarly journals Incidence and Prevalence of Hypertension among Inmates in Three Correctional Facilities in Lusaka Province Zambia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 144-162
Author(s):  
Gift Himwaaba
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Hypertension also known as high blood pressure is a global public health issue that has become very common worldwide and can lead to major health outcomes, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and ultimately death. The main objective of this study was to assess the incidences and the prevalence of hypertension among inmates. A correctional facilities based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate the incidence and prevalence of hypertension among the inmates of Zambia’s Lusaka based three correctional facilities. A total of 311 inmates were included in this study of which 228 (73.3%) were males and 83 (26.7%) were females. Data was analyzed using STATA version 15.0 software package. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, fisher’s exact test and Logistic regression were used to examine, demographic characteristics, prevalence rate, correlation, risk factors and association in relation to hypertension. Among the participants 54 (17.4%) were found to be hypertensive. The median blood pressure for the hypertensive was 157.8/102 mmHg and the median blood pressure for non-hypertensive was 116/75 mmHg. Incarceration variables correlated with hypertension were, duration of incarceration p= 0.0001, reasons for detention p= 0.0001, type of inmate p= 0.0150. Old age, unemployed, major crimes, history of hypertension, smoking and body mass index were the risk factors for hypertension found among inmates. The prevalence of hypertension in the three correctional facilities in Zambia was found to be at 17.4%, which was lower than the prevalence rate in most studies reviewed and even lower than the prevalence rate in the general population of some selected districts in Zambia.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of anemia in under five-year-old children in children’s hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 499
Author(s):  
Kanchana . ◽  
Madhusudan Sr. ◽  
Sam Ahuja ◽  
Niranjan Nagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Global Public Health

Background: Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. This study is conducted to assess the proportion of children, aged between 6 months to 5 years having anemia and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among selected children with anemia. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in 500 children between the age of 6 months to 5 years, who were admitted (in patients) to the Department of Pediatrics of Dr. BR Ambedkar Medical College, Bangalore, were selected and screened for anemia by hemoglobin estimation. This study was carried out from November 2012 to April 2014. Among those children with hemoglobin <11 g/dl, were screened for iron deficiency anemia (Serum ferritin estimation is done). Among these 500 children, 100 children with a hemoglobin level of 11 gm/dl and serum ferritin <12 μg/L were taken up for detailed study. All the collected data was tabulated and statically analysed by using appropriate methods Results: 77.8% of screened children were found to have anemia. In studied children 38% had mild anemia, 54% had moderate anemia and 8% had severe anemia. Male outnumbered than female in the ratio of 1.17:1. More than 50% presented with acute gastroenteritis.79% of anemic children had malnutrition. 24% of anemic children were low birth weight. Dimorphic anemia was common in 6months to 5 years age group. Mean hemoglobin level was 9.26. Mean ferritin, mean serum iron, TIBC, transferrin saturation was 7.23 μg/l, 52.60μg/dl, 346.89mg/dl and 16.31% respectively Conclusions: The diet deficient in iron and other essential nutrients is the single most important cause of anemia in children of this age Diarrhea was the chief associated symptom in more than half the cases studied. Hence it is essential to make provision for safe drinking water and to improve sanitary facilities periodic deworming measure is advised, to reduce parasitic infestation which also contributes to the development of anemia.

scholarly journals Food Insecurity and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Mississippi Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Mendy ◽  
Rodolfo Vargas ◽  
Gerri Cannon-Smith ◽  
Marinelle Payton ◽  
Byambaa Enkhmaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors

Background: Food insecurity is a public health problem. There is limited data on food insecurity in Mississippi. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2015 Mississippi Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, which included the Social Context Module for 5870 respondents. Respondents who indicated that in the past 12 months they were “always”, “usually”, or “sometimes” “worried or stressed about having enough money to buy nutritious meals” were considered food insecure. Food insecurity was compared across sociodemographic and health characteristics using chi-square tests, and the association between food insecurity and select cardiovascular disease risk factors was assessed using logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of food insecurity was 42.9%. Compared to the referent group, Mississippi adults with high blood pressure had 51% higher odds, those with diabetes had 30% higher odds, those who were not physically active had 36% higher odds, and those who consumed fewer than five fruits and vegetables daily had 50% higher odds of being food insecure. Conclusion: Among Mississippi adults, food insecurity is associated with high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, fruit and vegetable consumption, physical inactivity, and smoking.

Living Well to Keep Your Pressure Down

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda B. Bobroff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Fact Sheet ◽  
Living Well ◽  
Heart Work ◽  
Major Revision ◽  
Reduce Risk

High blood pressure, or hypertension, can cause serious health problems. It makes your heart work harder and can damage your blood vessels even if you feel okay. Everyone should have their blood pressure checked regularly. If you have certain risk factors, you are more likely to have high blood pressure. This 6-page fact sheet is a major revision that discusses risk factors and ways to reduce risk.

High blood pressure and associated cardiovascular risk factors in France

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1727-1732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Asmar ◽  
Sylviane Vol ◽  
Bruno Pannier ◽  
Anne-Marie Brisac ◽  
Jean Tichet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
High Blood Pressure

scholarly journals Medication Error in Anaesthesia – A Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Montosh Kumar Mondal ◽  
Beauty Rani Roy ◽  
Shibani Banik ◽  
Debabrata Banik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medication Error ◽  
Medication Errors ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Public Health Problem

Medication error is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in medical profession . There is an increasing recognition that medication errors are causing a substantial global public health problem, as many result in harm to patients and increased costs to health providers.Anaesthesia is now safe and routine, yet anaesthetists are not immune from making medication errors and the consequences of their mistakes may be more serious than those of doctors in other specialties. Steps are being taken to determine the extent of the problem of medication error in anaesthesia. In this review, incidence, types, risk factors and preventive measures of the medication errors are discussed in detail.Journal of Bangladesh Society of Anaesthesiologists 2014; 27(1): 31-35

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