PEMANFAATAN DANA ZAKAT PRODUKTIF DALAM TINJAUAN MAQASHID SYARIAH (Studi di Kelurahan Ganting Kecamatan Padang Panjang Timur)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Pegi Elvina Yahya ◽  
Nofialdi Nofialdi
Keyword(s):  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Education Costs ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Cost

Based on research that there are several mustahiq who divert productive zakat funds for daily food needs, for medical expenses, for education, to repair the kitchen and to pay installments for rented stalls. The reason for mustahiq to transfer productive zakat funds is because there is an urgent need and insufficient income for needs. Based on these reasons, the transfer of productive zakat funds is not contradictory and even in line with the theory of al-maqashid al-syariah. Because for the cost of daily food needs and medical expenses in order to maintain the soul which is classified as an element of daruriyyat (primary needs), the transfer of zakat funds for education costs in order to maintain the mind which is classified as an element of hajiyyat (secondary needs), the transfer of zakat funds to repair the kitchen and pay the daily shop installments which are part of the maintenance of assets belonging to the hajiyyat element (secondary need). While zakat is productive in order to maintain property. Hierarchically, preserving religion takes precedence over preserving the soul, preserving the soul takes precedence over maintaining reason, preserving reason takes precedence over nurturing offspring, preserving offspring takes precedence over preserving property.

Waqf concept health clinic – “Uniqueness in disguise” USIM experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Fathima Begum Syed Mohideen1 ◽  
Mohd Radzniwan A Rashid ◽  
Sharifah Najwa Syed Mohamad ◽  
Zuhairiah Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Shamsir Bin Mohd Aris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Community Health ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Disadvantaged People

Waqf or religious endowment is of a benevolence instrument emerged to help reduce the burden of the disadvantaged people. As the cost for medical expenses are exorbitant, the availability of waqf should contribute to the improvement of the community health. The establishment of Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM) Specialist healthcare clinic was founded by the idea of waqf through healthcare for the less fortunate. With collaboration from many agencies the establishment of the clinic has served community in need to access better health care. The primary aim of waqf clinic establishment is to continually uphold the Islamic aspects in its establishment and management for betterment of health among disadvantaged people.

scholarly journals Exercising Musical Minds: Phrenology and Music Pedagogy in London circa 1830

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-124
Author(s):  
David Trippett
Keyword(s):  
Music Pedagogy ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Creative Imagination ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Popular Appeal ◽  
Life Of The Mind ◽  
Dynamical Nature ◽  
Loss Of Contact ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Cost

The icon of the machine in early-nineteenth-century Britain was subject to a number of contemporary critiques in which pedagogy and the life of the mind were implicated, but to what extent was education in music composition influenced by this? A number of journal articles appeared on the topic of music and phrenology, bolstered by the establishment of the London Phrenological Society (1823), and its sister organization, the British Phrenological Association (1838). They placed the creative imagination, music, and the “natural” life of the mind into a fraught discourse around music and materialism. The cost of a material mind was a perceived loss of contact with the “gifts of naturer … the dynamical nature of man … the mystic depths of man's soul” (Carlyle), but the concept of machine was also invested with magical potential to transform matter, to generate energy, and can be understood as a new ideal type of mechanism. These confliciting ideals and anxieties over mechanism, as paradigm and rallying cry, are here situated in the context of music pedagogy during the second quarter of the century, with particular reference to amateur musicians and the popular appeal of phrenological “exercise,” and of devices such as Johann Bernhard Logier's “chiroplast.”

scholarly journals Comparing the cost of essential nutrients from different food sources in the American diet using NHANES 2011–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie M. Hess ◽  
Christopher J. Cifelli ◽  
Sanjiv Agarwal ◽  
Victor L. Fulgoni
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background One reason that some Americans do not meet nutrient needs from healthy eating patterns is cost. Food cost affects how people eat, and healthy diets tend to be more expensive. Cost is also important for diet sustainability. Sustainable eating patterns must be both nutritionally adequate and affordable. The objective of this study was to compare the cost of obtaining shortfall nutrients from different food groups to help identify cost-effective ways Americans can move towards healthy and sustainable eating patterns. Methods This analysis used dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2012 and 2013–2014 (n = 5876 children 2–18 years and n = 9953 adults 19–99 years). Americans’ nutrient intake from food categories in “What We Eat in America” and the 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans was determined using the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. Food cost and the cost of nutrients were obtained from Center for Nutrition Promotion and Policy food cost database 2001–2002 and 2003–2004 (adjusted for inflation). Results The daily mean cost of food was $4.74 ± 0.06 for children and $6.43 ± 0.06 for adults. “Protein foods” and “mixed dishes” were the two most expensive food categories (43–45% of daily food costs), while “grains,” “fruits,” and “vegetables” combined accounted for ~ 18% of the daily cost, and “milk and dairy” accounted for 6–12% of total daily food costs in both adults and children. “Milk and dairy” were the least expensive dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D in the American diet, while “grains” were the least expensive sources of iron and magnesium, and “protein foods” were the least expensive sources of choline. “Fruits” and “vegetables” were the least expensive sources of potassium and vitamin C, respectively, and “snacks and sweets” were the least expensive sources of vitamin E. Conclusion “Milk and dairy” were inexpensive sources of three of the four nutrients of public health concern (calcium, vitamin D, and potassium), while “grains” were the least expensive source of fiber. The results of this work reinforce the importance of consuming a variety of nutrient-rich foods for cost-effective, sustainable eating patterns.

Financial toxicity and its associated patient and cancer factors among women with breast cancer in China.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e19402-e19402
Author(s):  
Jingfeng Jing ◽  
Ran Feng ◽  
Xiaojun Zhang ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Jinnan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cancer Stage ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
The Cost

e19402 Background: The term “Financial toxicity(FT)” is widely used to describe the distress or hardship patients suffering from the financial burden of cancer treatment[1]. Increased evidences have showed that cancer-associated FT is common and has a negative impact on patients’ mental health, quality and length of life[1,2]. The scale of COmprehensive Score for financial Toxicity-Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (COST-FACIT) was used to assess the FT of cancer patients, which has been validated and widely used internationally [3] and China [4]. To our knowledge, little is known about the FT of breast cancer patients in China. The aim of this study is to assess the FT and to investigate patients and cancer characteristic that associated with it in patients in central China. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 188 patients with stage 0-III women breast cancer admitted in Bethune hospital in Taiyuan, Shanxi province during January - May 2019. FT was self-reported using the COST-FACIT. Patients’ socio-demographic factors, clinical examination, and cancer treatment were collected from questionnaire and hospital record. The financial concern and coping strategy was self-reported. Factors associated with FT was identified using linear regression analysis. Results: One hundred and sixty-six (88.2%) completed the questionnaire. The COST score ranged 0-40 with a mean of 21.2 (median 22.5, standard deviation 8.1). On multivariate linear regression analysis, older age (β coefficient: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.10-0.29, p<0.001), higher household income (β coefficient: 3000-5000 Yuan: 6.48, 95% CI: 2.78-10.17, p =0.001; ≥ 5000 Yuan: 11.17, 95% CI: 7.25-15.09, p<0.001) were positively associated with COST scores. Advanced cancer stage was the strongest predictor of FT among the cancer characteristics (β coefficient: -1.81, 95% CI: -3.17, -0.46, p=0.009). To cope with the FT, 131 (78.8%) patients decreased non-medical expenses, and 56 (33.7%) reduced or quit treatment. Conclusions: FT was significantly associated with patient’s age, income, and cancer stage. Women having financial concerns after diagnosis were more likely to reduce their non-medical expenses and even quit treatments. Clinicians should take into account the FT levels in all patients and work out appropriate treatment strategies for optimal clinical outcome.

Increase of parental effort in experimentally enlarged broods of Pallid Swifts

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1387-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Cucco ◽  
Giorgio Malacarne
Keyword(s):  
Brood Size ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Parental Effort ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Brooding Period ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Cost

Variation in parental effort of Pallid Swifts (Apus pallidus) was investigated for 3 years in a colony in northwestern Italy. The masses of adults and of bolus loads brought to chicks were monitored by electronic balances inserted under nests, and feeding rates were monitored by video cameras. Fluctuations in daily food availability were measured with an insect-suction trap. Manipulation experiments on broods originally consisting of three chicks were performed to increase (four chicks) or reduce (two chicks) adult effort, with the aim of determining if parents tend to allocate food primarily to themselves or to their offspring, and if mass loss in adults results from reproductive stress or from adaptive programmed anorexia. With the enlargement of brood size, mean bolus mass remained constant, but the visitation rate increased significantly. Daily food abundance did not influence the amount of food allocated to chicks (neither time spent foraging nor the bolus mass changed), but positively influenced the mass of adults, which showed large daily variations. These results indicate that parents tend to invest constantly in offspring, at their own expense when food is scarce. Our data lend support to the cost of reproduction hypothesis instead of adaptive anorexia, since adults lose mass mainly in the brooding period, when demand is highest, and always regain mass when prey availability is greater.

Collaborative Research on Food Security in the U.S. and Sri Lanka

2010 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Kingsolver ◽  
Sasikumar Balasundaram ◽  
Vijayakumar Sugumaran ◽  
Jennifer Engel ◽  
Timothy Gerber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
National Level ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Food Riots ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cost

The 2009 research project discussed here focused on regional experiences of global food insecurity, and linked students in South Carolina and Sri Lanka to explore a more affordable and inclusive means of transnational research collaboration. In 2008, there was a remarkable increase in food insecurity associated with the global economic crisis. The Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations estimated that the number of undernourished people in the world rose from 864 million to 967 million in just that one year. USAID (2009) reported that 37 countries were experiencing food insecurity at the national level, and that food prices had risen by 43 percent in 2008 alone. Catholic Relief Services (2008) estimated that the cost of basic staples in much of the Global South had tripled in just 18 months, and that the price of daily food requirements exceeded daily wages for many. There were food riots in nearly a dozen countries because of food costs doubling or more.

Discussion on ‘Interactionism in Personality and Social Psychology: An Integrated Approach to Understanding the Mind and Behaviour’ by Reynolds, Turner, Branscombe, Mavor, Bizumic, and Subašić

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-500 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Core Problem ◽  
Social Identity Approach

Reynolds et al. offer a version of interactionism based on social identity theory. Although we applaud both interactionism and the social identity approach, we suspect that the marriage the authors propose is unlikely to succeed. The core problem is that interactionism is optimized when the situation and person are on equal footing and the authors’ model weds robust situational influences to a feckless, empty self. The result is a win for the social identity approach at the cost of what may have been an important new approach to interactionism. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Analysis and Evaluation of Education Costs in Romania: Methods and Techniques

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anca Leontina PAPP (MARINESCU)
Keyword(s):  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Cost Of Education ◽  
Methods And Techniques ◽  
Education Costs ◽  
The Cost

The cost of education may be the smallest monetary value belonging to the system inputs needed to reach a certain level of outputs. In order to understand the concept of cost of education, the notion of suitability of education must be understood in advance.

scholarly journals Nudging in Supermarkets to Reduce Plastic Bag Consumption Among Customers: A Framework for Change

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Lim
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Behavioural Change ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Food Needs

Despite good intentions, the increasing number of plastic bag bans aimed at alleviating marine plastic pollution saw a correlated increase in the number of unintended consequences that emerged alongside the bans, suggesting that human behavior towards plastic bag consumption have not changed, but merely shifted, and are feeding into other major international environmental catastrophes. Nudge theory, which helps people make better choices for themselves without inhibiting their free will, is a potential solution that has been shown to play a subtle but important role in providing options under circumstances where complex information needs to be streamlined for the wider community, avoiding any unintended consequences and behavioural shifts that might arise from instruments that diminishes autonomy. It is therefore timely to look into the insights of nudge theory to encourage a positive behavioural change to reduce plastic bag consumption. Here we apply a systematic literature review to show how successful applications of nudges in supermarkets can be leveraged to reduce plastic bag consumption. We find that the current applications of nudges in various industries worldwide, including supermarkets have produced positive and encouraging results, as well as producing lasting behavioural change among the wider community. Supermarkets are identified as a powerful deployment site of these nudges due to their positioning as a dominant provider of plastic bags to the wider community, as well as being the largest and leading provider of daily food needs. Finally, we synthesise our findings to produce a coherent and testable framework of actionable interventions that supermarkets can employ to nudge customers towards reduced plastic bag reliance, accompanied with a visual timeline of a customer shopping in a supermarket experiencing these nudges.

scholarly journals Analisis Hukum Islam terhadap Pajak Waris dalam Pasal 2 Ayat (2) UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2000 Tentang Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan Bangunan

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Mira Safira Fratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Qualitative Literature

Abstract. Inheritance assets are all assets left by the heir due to his death, which have been free from religious and mundane obligations such as medical expenses when the heir is sick until his death, the cost of managing the corpse, zakat, donations or waqf that he has ever declared, or debts, ransoms and so on. . However, based on the author's research, there is a legal product, namely Law Number 20 of 2000 concerning Amendments to Law Number 21 of 1997 concerning Fees for Acquiring Rights on Land and Buildings (BPHTB). One of the provisions that has just been regulated in the Law is regarding the object of inheritance as stated in Article 2 paragraph (2). Based on the description, the problem points are how the tax concept in Islamic law and positive law, and how to analyze Islamic law on Article 2 paragraph (2) of Law Number 20 of 2000 concerning BPHTB. This research is a qualitative literature research with descriptive-analysis data processing techniques. The results of the research are that in Islamic law there is no term inherited property as a provision for tax objects, and according to Islamic law taxes are allowed to be levied on condition that the collection must be temporary if a state or Baitul Mal is experiencing a vacuum. Abstrak. Harta waris merupakan semua harta yang ditinggalkan pewaris karena wafatnya, yang telah bersih dari kewajiban-kewajiban keagamaan dan keduniaan seperti biaya keperluan pengobatan ketika pewaris sakit hingga wafatnya, biaya pengurusan jenazah, zakat, infak atau wakaf yang pernah dinyatakannya, atau hutang, tebusan dan sebagainya. Namun berdasarkan hasil penelitian penulis, terdapat produk hukum yaitu Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2000 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 1997 tentang Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan Bangunan (BPHTB). Salah satu ketentuan yang baru diatur di dalam Undang-Undang tersebut adalah mengenai objyek warisan yang tercantum di dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana konsep pajak dalam hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif, dan bagaimana analisis hukum Islam terhadap Pajak Waris dalam Pasal 2 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2000 tentang Bea Perolehan Hak Atas Tanah dan Bangunan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bersifat kepustakaan dengan Teknik pengolahan data deskriptif-analisis. Adapun hasil penelitiannya adalah bahwa di dalam hukum Islam tidak ada istilah harta warisan dijadikan sebagai ketentuan obyek pajak, dan menurut hukum Islam pajak diperbolehkan untuk di pungut dengan syarat pemungutannya harus bersifat temporer jika keadaan suatu negara atau Baitul Mal sedang mengalami kekosongan. Kata Kunci: Waris, Hukum Islam 

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