scholarly journals Analisis Kandungan Lignin, Sellulosa, dan Hemisellulosa Serat Sabut Kelapa Akibat Perlakuan Alkali

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Yan Kondo ◽  
Muhammad Arsyad
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Alkali Solution ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Hydrolysis Method ◽  
Technical Material ◽  
Descriptive Method

The long-term goal of this research is to makecoconut fiber composite as one of the technical material, forbuilding material such as ceiling board or for automotivematerial such as bumper. While the specific target to be achievedin this research is to determine the influence of the concentrationof alkali solution on soaking coconut fiber to the content of lignin,cellulose, and hemicelluloses of coconut fiber. To achieve theobjectives and targets, the method of implementation of thisresearch is divided into 4 (four) steps, namely (1) preparation, (2)immersion, (3) testing, and (4) analysis. Coconut fiber is treatedby soaking coco fiber for 3 hours in sodium hydroxide (alkali)solution with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%,35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, and 55%. Once soaked, the coconut fiberis rinsed with aqua, then dried in an oven at 60°C for 4 hours.After that, a composition test with hydrolysis method todetermine the content of lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses.Each variable will be tested 3 (three) times. The data obtainedwill be analyzed statistically by applying descriptive method,where all data obtained will be presented in table, graphic, orimage form. Based on the tables, graphs, and images will beanalyzed and drawn conclusions. The results to be achieved inthis study is to determine the content of lignin, cellulose, andhemicelluloses coconut fiber due to alkali treatment for 3 hourswith a variable concentration of alkali solution. Based on theresults and discussion it can be concluded that soaking coconutfiber in alkaline solution degrades the content of hemicelluloses,cellulose and lignin.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perendaman Alkali, Kalium Permanganat, dan Hidrogen Peroksida terhadap Perubahan Diameter Serat Sabut Kelapa Sebagai Bahan Komposit Ramah Lingkungan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arsyad ◽  
Rudy Soenoko
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Solution ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Potassium Permanganate Solution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Digital Microscope

This study aims to determine the effect of alkali treatment and hydrogen peroxide on the change in diameter of coconut fiber as an environmentally friendly composite material. This research was carried out with several stages, namely: preparation of materials and tools, treatments, measurement of diameter, analysis, and discussion. Materials and equipment used are coconut fiber, alkaline solution, hydrogen peroxide solution, distilled water, a set of immersion media, and digital microscopes. Coconut fiber was soaked in alkaline solution with 10% concentration for 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 hours, then dried in a furnace at 90oC for 5 hours. Furthermore, coconut fiber was soaked again in potassium permanganate solution with a concentration of 0.5% for 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 hours, then dried in a furnace at 90oC for 5 hours. Then the coconut fiber was soaked again in a hydrogen peroxide solution with a concentration of 10% for 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 hours, then dried in a furnace at 90oC for 5 hours. After that, using a digital microscope the diameter of coconut fiber is measured. Based on the measurement results, it was concluded that the diameter of coconut fiber was degraded in diameter after soaking in alkaline solution, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide. The highest percentage reduction in diameter was 58.08% in the third treatment.

Bleaching optimization at WestRock mill in Covington, Virginia

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
DOUGLAS C. PRYKE ◽  
JOHN VANDERHEIDE
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Equipment Repair ◽  
Optimization Program ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Improved Performance

The WestRock mill in Covington, VA, USA, initiated a long term diagnostic and optimization program for all three of its bleaching lines. Benchmarking studies were used to help identify optimization opportunities. Capital expenditures for mixing improvement, filtrate changes, equipment repair, other equipment changes, and species changes were outside the scope of this work. This focus of this paper is the B line, producing southern hardwood pulp in a D(EP)DD sequence at 88% GE brightness. The benchmarking study and optimization work identified the following opportunities for improved performance: nonoptimal addition of caustic and hydrogen peroxide to the (EP) stage, carryover of D0 filtrate to the (EP) stage, and carryover of (EP) filtrate to the D1 stage. As a result of actions the mill undertook to address these opportunities, D0 kappa factor decreased about 5%, sodium hydroxide consumption in the (EP) stage decreased about 35%, chlorine dioxide consumption in the D1 stage decreased about 25%, and overall bleaching cost decreased about 15%.

The Effect of Dry Mix Sodium Hydroxide onto Workability and Compressive Strength of Geopolymer Paste

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Z. Mohd Ali ◽  
◽  
N. A. Jalaluddin ◽  
N. Zulkiflee ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
High Emission ◽  
New Material ◽  
Curing Regime ◽  
Solid Form ◽  
Geopolymer Paste

The production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) consumes considerable amount of natural resources, energy and at the same time contribute in high emission of CO2 to the atmosphere. A new material replacing cement as binder called geopolymer is alkali-activated concrete which are made from fly ash, sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The alkaline solution mixed with fly ash producing alternative binder to OPC binder in concrete named geopolymer paste. In the process, NaOH was fully dissolved in water and cooled to room temperature. This study aims to eliminate this process by using NaOH in solid form together with fly ash before sodium silicate liquid and water poured into the mixture. The amount of NaOH solids were based on 10M concentration. The workability test is in accordance to ASTM C230. Fifty cubic mm of the geopolymer paste were prepared which consists of fly ash to alkaline solution ratio of 1: 0.5 and the curing regime of 80℃ for 24 hours with 100% humidity were implemented. From laboratory test, the workability of dry method geopolymer paste were decreased. The compressive strength of the dry mix of NaOH showed 55% and the workability has dropped to 58.4%, it showed strength reduction compared to the wet mix method.

scholarly journals Effect of the Process Parameters on the Adhesive Strength of Dissimilar Polymers Obtained by Multicomponent Injection Molding

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Pisanu ◽  
Leonardo Costa Santiago ◽  
Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa ◽  
Valter Estevão Beal ◽  
Marcio Luis Ferreira Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Adhesive Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Type I ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Experimental Conditions

The growing demand in the consumer market for products with sustainable technologies has motivated new applications using overmolded natural fiber composites. Therefore, studies have been conducted mainly to understand the adhesive properties of overmolded parts. In the present study, a polypropylene (PP) composite with 30% coconut fibers without additives was developed with the aid of a corotating twin screw extruder. Subsequently, a multicomponent injection mold was developed based on the geometry of the ISO 527 type I specimen, in which samples overmolded with PP and PP–coconut-fiber composite, with the overlap in the central area, were obtained to evaluate the adhesive strength of dissimilar materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bond between PP and PP–coconut-fiber composite under different processing conditions using an adhesive strength testing device to perform a pure shear analysis. The experimental conditions followed a statistical design considering four factors in two levels and a significance level of 5%. The results indicated that adhesive strength increased significantly as the overlap area increased. It was observed that temperature and injection flow rate were the factors that most contributed to strengthening the bonds of dissimilar materials.

scholarly journals Implementasi Manajemen Riayah dalam Meningkatkan Kenyamanan Jamaah

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-34
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Corrective Action ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Work Programs ◽  
Descriptive Method

This study aims to find out the riot planning at the Cipaganti Grand Mosque in increasing the comfort of pilgrims, to find out the application of riayah at the Cipaganti Great Mosque in increasing the comfort of worshipers, to find out the evaluation of riayah at the Cipaganti Great Mosque in increasing the comfort of worshipers. This study uses the descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The techniques in collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation studies as evidence of riayah's management in an effort to improve the comfort of pilgrims at the Cipaganti Grand Mosque. Based on the results of research conducted at the Cipaganti Grand Mosque from the implementation of riayah management in improving the comfort of pilgrims it can be concluded: First, that the planning of riayah in the Great Mosque of Cipaganti formulates work programs, facilities, and physical maintenance of the mosque. Second, that implementation means that whatever has been formulated must be implemented. Where in making work programs in accordance with the standards of mosque management so that the physical maintenance of the mosque can be directed and run in accordance with expectations and goals, namely to foster a sense of comfort towards worshipers. Third, that evaluation is a corrective action if the results are not as expected. So in this case the evaluation can be done in the short and long term.

scholarly journals Analisis Payback Period Sebagai Dasar Kelayakan Investasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Murna Wati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Survey Approach ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstract: Investment is the main decision finances for the long term usually requires a large amount of funds that need to be analyzed in depth before running out investment activities, investment can basically refers to the economic activity of a country , the activity of investment is economically is advantageous , Interest Eligibility investing is to find out how large rate advantages gained by using a pay back period, as the basis for this effort is feasible to be implemented. This research uses descriptive method with survey approach is to use secondary data is data that has been processed and the data provided in the company terssebut. The data analysis of this research by using quantitative descriptive method describes the reality of the matter with their efforts to resolve problems in a certain period.   The data to the analysis of this research by using quantitative descriptive method describes the reality of the matter with Reviews their Efforts to resolve problems in a Certain Period Keywords: Feasibility, Investment

scholarly journals Tensile Characterizations of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) Fibres Reinforced Composites in Various Epoxy/Fibre Fractions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6148-6163
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Single Fibers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Treated Fiber

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) single fibers and reinforced composites were comprehensively characterized through tensile tests to assess their performance as potential reinforcing materials in polymer composites. The performances of OPEFB single fibers and reinforced composites with untreated and treated fibers conditions were compared. The fibers were variously treated with 3% sodium hydroxide, 2% silane, 3% sodium hydroxide mixed with 2% silane, and 3% sodium hydroxide prior to 2% silane for 2 hours soaking time. The highest toughness of the single fibers test was then selected to proceed with composites fabrication. The OPEFB composites were fabricated in 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 epoxy-fibre fractions. The result shows that the selected treated fiber composite exhibits better performance. The selected treated fiber composite increased the highest ultimate tensile strength by 145.3% for the 90:10 fraction. The highest Young’s Modulus was increased by about 166.7% for 70:30 fraction. Next, the highest toughness was increased by 389.5% for the 30:70 fraction. The treated fibers provided a better interlocking mechanism between the matrix and fibers in reinforced composites, thus improving their interfacial bonding.

Dissolution of spent nuclear fuel fragments at high alkaline conditions under H2 overpressure

MRS Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (62) ◽  
pp. 4163-4168
Author(s):  
E. González-Robles ◽  
M. Herm ◽  
V. Montoya ◽  
N. Müller ◽  
B. Kienzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Alkaline Solution ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Dissolution Tests ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Long Term Behavior

ABSTRACTThe long-term behavior of the UO2 fuel matrix under conditions of the Belgian “Supercontainer design” was investigated by dissolution tests of high burn-up spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in high alkaline solution under 40 bar of (Ar + 8%H2) atmosphere. Four fragments of SNF, obtained from a pellet previously leached during two years, were exposed to young cement water with Ca (YCWCa) under 3.2 bar H2 partial pressure in four single/independent autoclave experiments for a period of 59, 182, 252 and 341 days, respectively. After a decrease of the concentration of dissolved 238U, which is associated with a reduction of U(VI) to U(IV), the concentration of 238U in solution is constant in the experiments running for 252 and 341 days. These observations indicate an inhibition of the matrix dissolution due to the presence of H2. A slight increase in the concentration of 90Sr and 137Cs in the aqueous solution indicates that there is still dissolution of the grain boundaries. These findings are similar to those reported for spent nuclear fuel corrosion in synthetic near neutral pH solutions.

Effect of alkali treatment on the flexural properties of a Luffa cylindrica-reinforced epoxy composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niharika Mohanta ◽  
Samir K. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Fiber Composites ◽  
Subzero Temperature ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Luffa Cylindrica ◽  
Untreated Fiber

AbstractThis experimental study was conducted to investigate the effect of NaOH concentration and treatment time on the flexural properties ofLuffa cylindricafiber-reinforced epoxy composites. Significant improvement (up to 84.92%) in the flexural properties for the treated fiber composite compared with the untreated fiber composite was observed. Both treated and untreated fiber composites were then subjected to different environmental treatments (saline water, distilled water, and subzero temperature). To find out the changes in flexural strength immediately after treatment, the same test was carried out on the composites. Degradation in the flexural strength of both treated and untreated fiber composites, when subjected to environmental treatments, was observed. They were found within the range of 2%–20% and were found to be least in subzero treatment. The SEM micrograph indicates that alkali treatment is effective in improving the adhesion between the fiber and matrix.

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