scholarly journals The influence of the combined coulter operation on the quality and yield of grain

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 72-77
Author(s):  
A.A. Kem ◽  
◽  
M.S. Chekusov ◽  
A.N. Shmidt ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
The Difference

The article presents the results of the studies of the effect of the combined paw coulter for multi-level sowing of grain crops and the simultaneous introduction of a starting dose of mineral fertilizers on the quality and yield of grain of soft spring wheat Omskaya 36 carried out in 2019-2020. When sowing using the SKP-2.1M seeder, which was reequipped with combined coulters, where mineral fertilizers were applied below the seeds of spring wheat, the yield increase in the experiments carried out in 2019 by 14% average in comparison with the control sowing with the SKP-2.1 seeder with serial coulters, where mineral fertilizers were applied to the same soil horizon with seeds. The conducted field experiment in 2020 confirmed the previously obtained results of the coulter performance; the increase in grain when using the combined coulters on the SPK-2.1M seeder was 12.5%. The difference in grain yield happened due to the different weather conditions in 2019 and 2020. The qualitative indicators of spring soft wheat when sowing with combined openers in comparison with a serial seeder gave an average increase in protein by 7.9% and 4.7%, and the highest gluten values on the control seeder were in the range of 25.8-27.1%, and on the experi-mental SKP-2.1M seeder it was 26.1−28.5% in 2019-2020, respectively. Thus, according to the re-sults of the laboratory field studies carried out over two years, it was found that the proposed design of the combined coulter for sowing and applying mineral fertilizers below the sowing of seeds is efficient and it contributes to an increase in yield and quality of grain of soft spring wheat.

scholarly journals CROP PROPERTIES AND QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT SEEDS DEPENDING ON THE FOOD BACKGROUND IN THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
Игорь Сержанов ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Фарит Шайхутдинов ◽  
Farit Shaykhutdinov ◽  
Альбина Сержанова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Seed Crops ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article presents the results of studies on the effect of nutritional background on productivity and quality of spring soft wheat seeds of Yoldyz variety. The agrometeorological conditions of the growing season had a decisive influence on the harvest of spring wheat. In more favorable weather conditions in 2017 and 2018 years, the difference in yield compared to the dry 2016 was 0.4-0.42 tons and 0.48-0.59 per hectare on fertilized backgrounds. The use of calculated rates of fertilizers for 3 tons per hectare of grain contributed to an increase in yield of 0.55 tons per hectare. A further increase in the fertilizer dose to obtain 4 tons per hectare of grain did not give a significant increase to the fertilizer background of 3 tons per hectare. The level of mineral nutrition has improved the seed sowing qualities. With an estimated nutrition level of 3 tons per hectare, on average for three years, the seed germination energy increased by 4.8% compared to the control, on the 4 tons per hectare variant - 5.2%, laboratory germination, respectively, by 1.8-1, 4%, growth rate - 4.1-5.7 percent. Seeds grown on fertilized backgrounds per 3 and 4 tons per hectare of spring wheat grain had increased yield properties. The yield increase to the control was 0.67-0.75 tons per hectare. Under the conditions of gray forest soils of Kama of the Republic of Tatarstan, spring wheat of Yoldyz variety should be grown on seed crops at the background of the application of calculated norms for fertilizers of 3 tons per hectare of grain.

scholarly journals Formation of yield and quality of spring wheat grain after foliage application in the Saratov trans-Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Ilya Sergeevich Poletaev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Natalya Nikolaevna Gusakova ◽  
Aleksandr Sergeevich Lynkov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

The features of changing the productivity of spring wheat under the influence of weather conditions and after foliar  application with humic acid fertilizers, mineral and organic-mineral fertilizers are considered. It is shown that at 56% of the norm of precipitation for vegetation and air temperatures fall above the annual average by 4–7 ° C, the yield of spring wheat decreases by 0.85 t / ha or by 41%. After three-year experiments, it was noted that, under the influence of the studied agricultural practices, the yield of spring wheat increases as well as the grain quality of this crop. The highest yield was in the variants after application of Biocomplex and Biohumus; it was 1.76 and 1.71 t / ha, respectively, which is 29.4 and 25.7% higher than the control. Organic and mineral fertilizers containing a complex of microelements and organic acids had a greater effect. Thus, the protein content   was up to 17.6%, dry gluten – up to 30.8%, raw gluten – 33.5%, IDK was 78.2 units.

THE INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON THE GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF LONG-FLAX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Dumych ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Flax Seeds

The purpose of research: to improve the technology of growing flax in the Western region of Ukraine on the basis of the introduction of systems for minimizing tillage, which will increase the yield of trusts and seeds. Research methods: field, laboratory, visual and comparative calculation method. Research results: Field experiments included the study of three tillage systems (traditional, canning and mulching) and determining their impact on growth and development and yields of trusts and flax seeds. The traditional tillage system included the following operations: plowing with a reversible plow to a depth of 27 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage. The conservation system is based on deep shelfless loosening of the soil and provided for chiseling to a depth of 40 cm, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing, pre-sowing tillage. During the implementation of the mulching system, disking to a depth of 15 cm, cultivation with simultaneous harrowing and pre-sowing tillage with a combined unit was carried out. Tillage implements and machines were used to perform tillage operations: disc harrow BDVP-3,6, reversible plow PON-5/4, chisel PCh-3, cultivator KPSP-4, pre-sowing tillage unit LK-4. The SZ-3,6 ASTPA grain seeder was used for sowing long flax of the Kamenyar variety. Simultaneously with the sowing of flax seeds, local application of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 2 c/ha) was carried out. The application of conservation tillage allows to obtain the yield of flax trust at the level of 3,5 t/ha, which is 0,4 t/ha (12.9 %) more than from the area of traditional tillage and 0,7 t/ha (25 %) in comparison with mulching. In the area with canning treatment, the seed yield was the highest and amounted to 0,64 t/ha. The difference between this option and traditional and mulching tillage reaches 0,06 t/ha (10,3 %) and 0.10 t/ha (18.5 %), respectively. Conclusions. Preservation tillage, which is based on shelf-free tillage to a depth of 40 cm and disking to a depth of 15 cm has a positive effect on plant growth and development, yield and quality of flax.

scholarly journals Влияние систем удобрений на урожайность и качество яровой пшеницы

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Bausheva ◽  
I.D. Khalistova
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Support Medium

Исследования проводились на дерново-подзолистой среднесуглинистой почве. В опыте изучалось влияние систем удобрений на урожайность и качество яровой пшеницы. Объект исследования пшеница яровая Дарья. Установлено, что использование органо-минерального субстрата как отдельно, так и в сочетании с минеральными удобрениями (норма минеральных удобрений N80P80K80) способствовало повышению урожайности и улучшению качества зерна яровой пшеницы. По фактору систем удобрений наибольшая урожайность (23,08 ц/га) достигнута при использовании органо-минерального субстрата. В этом варианте урожайность повышалась на 11,77 ц/га в сравнении с контролем. Яровая пшеница сформировала достаточно высокую урожайность (20,17 ц/га) и при внесении минеральных удобрений в норме N80P80K80 в сочетании с органо-минеральным субстратом. В этом варианте урожайность была на 8,86 ц/га выше, чем в контроле. Наибольшее содержание белка (16,44 в пересчёте на абсолютно сухое вещество) и клейковины (39,34 на СВ) в зерне яровой пшеницы отмечалось при использовании органо-минерального субстрата совместно с минеральными удобрениями в норме N80P80K80, что важно для улучшения хлебопекарных свойств пшеничной муки.The researches were carried out on soddy podzolic medium loamy soil. In the trial the effect of fertilizer systems on the yield and quality of spring wheat was studied. The object of research is spring wheat Darya. It was established that the use of an organo-mineral support medium both separately and in combination with mineral fertilizers (the amount of mineral fertilizers N80P80K80) contributed to an increase in yield and an improvement in the quality of spring wheat grain. By the factor of fertilizer systems the highest yield (23.08 kg/ha) was achieved using an organo-mineral support medium. In this variant the yield was increased by 11.77 kg/ha in comparison with the control. Spring wheat has formed a sufficiently high yield (20.17 kg/ha) and when applying mineral fertilizers in the amount N80P80K80in combination with an organo-mineral support medium. In this variant the yield was 8.86 kg/ha higher than in the control one. The highest content of protein (16.44 in terms on absolutely dry basis) and gluten (39.34 in SV) in spring wheat grain was observed when using an organo-mineral support medium together with mineral fertilizers in the norm N80P80K80which is important for improving baking properties wheat flour.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF TILLAGE METHODS AND FERTILIZERS ON THE YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT GRAIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Elena Kuzina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage Methods

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of soil cultivation methods, mineral fertilizers and biofungicide on yield, grain quality of spring wheat and economic indicators. The studies were carried out in 2018-2020. The soil of the experimental site is represented by slightly leached heavy loamy chernozem with a humus content of 5.8%. The object of research is spring wheat, grade “Ulyanovskaya 100”. The subject of research is six methods of soil cultivation: 1) moldboard - (plowing by 20-22 cm PLN-4-35) control; 2) differentiated - (plowing 25-27 cm for the previous crop, disking 6-8 cm for spring wheat); 3) mulching - (by 10-12 cm APK-3 in spring); 4) comb - (OP-3S for 13-15cm); 5) disk - (paper machine for 6-8cm); 6) flat-carved - (KPSh-3 by 13-15cm). The experiment was carried out on four backgrounds: 1) N0P0K0 (control); 2. Background (N30P30K30 - for pre-sowing cultivation); 3. “Fitotrix”; 4.Background N30P30K30 + Fitotrix. The experiment was repeated four times. The arrangement of the plots is systematic, the total area of the plot is 250 m2 (10 x 25), the accounting area is 125 m2 (5 x 25). The highest yield - 3.73 t/ha, was achieved with the use of differentiated tillage, here the profitability of grain production was 161%, the energy efficiency coefficient was 3.51 units, against plowing, where the indicators were respectively by 0.15 t/ha, 52% and 0.43 units below. The greatest responsiveness in the harvesting of grain from fertilizers was observed in the variant with ridge cultivation, where the increments were 0.49 t/ha against the background of the application of N30P30K30, against the background of N30P30K30 + “Fitotrix” - by 0.96 t/ha relative to the non-fertilized background. The quality characteristics of the grain were similar regardless of the main tillage methods. The highest indicators were observed in the combination of biofungicide with mineral fertilizers, where the increase in gluten and protein was 3.4 and 1.1%, compared with the non-fertilized background

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF CONTINUOUS APPLICATION OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL FERTILIZERS ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SPRING WHEAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 186 (7) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
И. Понкратенкова ◽  
I. Ponkratenkova ◽  
А. Гаврилова ◽  
A. Gavrilova ◽  
Г. Мерзлая ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Continuous Application

scholarly journals ТЕХНИКО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ЖИДКИХ АЗОТНЫХ  И АЗОТО-СЕРОСОДЕРЖАЩИХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА БАЗЕ КАС-32  В ПОСЕВАХ ЗЕРНОВЫХ И ЗЕРНОБОБОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
V.A. Milyutkin ◽  
A.M. Petrov ◽  
O.N. Kukharev ◽  
N.G. Dluzhevsky
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Samara Oblast ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers ◽  
Germany Objective

В работе представлены материалы лабораторно-полевых исследований Самарского ГАУ по изучению эффективности жидких минеральных азотных и новых азотосеросодержащих удобрений на базе КАС-32 по сравнению с твердыми аммиачная селитра, производимых ПАО КуйбышевАзот (г. Тольятти, Самарская обл.) при возделывании зерновых (твердая пшеница) и зернобобовых (соя) по технологии MINI-TILL, обеспечиваемой сельскохозяйственным машинным комплексом АО Евротехника (г. Самара) немецкой компании AMAZONEN-Werke (Германия). Цель работы: определение эффективности азотных жидких минеральных удобрений производства ПАО КуйбышевАзот и новых азото-серосодержащих в сравнении с традиционными твердыми минеральными удобрениями аммиачная селитра с определением оптимальных доз, способов и времени внесения, необходимых технических средств на различных сельхозкультурах, в том числе на зерновых и зернобобовых. В засушливый 2018 год (седьмой год по засухе с 1936 года) были получены достаточно высокие результаты по урожайности и качеству произведенной продукции при применении КАС-32, КАС-32 с серой и РПС (раствор питательный серосодержащий) в сравнении с твердыми минеральными удобрениями (аммиачная селитра) при их внесении опрыскивателями АО Евротехника , оборудованными крупнокапельными распылителями и шлангами удлинителями для листовой и внекорневой (прикорневой) подкормки растений.The article presents materials from the laboratory and field studies of the Samara State Agrarian University on the effectiveness of liquid mineral nitrogen and new nitrogen-sulfur fertilizers based on KAS-32 compared with solid fertilizers - ammonium nitrate produced by PAO KuibyshevAzot (Tolyatti, Samara oblast) in the cultivation of cereal crops (durum wheat) and legumes (soybeans) using MINITILL technology provided by the agricultural machinery complex AO Evrotehnika (Samara) of the German company AMAZONEN-Werke (Germany). Objective: to determine the effectiveness of nitrogen liquid mineral fertilizers produced by PAO KuibyshevAzot and new nitrogen-sulfur fertilizers in comparison with traditional solid mineral fertilizers - ammonium nitrate - with the determination of the optimal doses, methods and time of application, the necessary technical means for various crops, including cereals and legumes. In the dry year of 2018 (the seventh drought year since 1936), fairly high results were obtained in terms of yield and quality of the products when using KAS-32, KAS-32 with sulfur and RPS (sulfur-containing nutritious solution) in comparison with solid mineral fertilizers (ammonia nitrate) when applied by AO Evrotehnika sprayers equipped with large-droplet sprayers and extension hoses for foliar and nonroot (root) dressing of plants.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF SUGAR SORGHUM WHEN USING HUMIC PREPARATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
О.П. Кибальник ◽  
И.Г. Ефремова ◽  
Д.С. Семин ◽  
В.В. Пронько ◽  
А.В. Ерохина
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Research And Design ◽  
Micro Elements

В статье представлены результаты изучения влияния гуминовых препаратов на урожайность и качество биомассы сахарного сорго. Объектами исследований были сорта Капитал (St), Сахара, Волонтер, Севилья, Чайка. Опыт заложен на опытном поле ФГБНУ РосНИИСК «Россорго» по двухфакторной схеме (фактор А – сорт, фактор В – гуматы) в разные по метеоусловиям годы. Отмечена дифференцированная отзывчивость сортов на обработку гуминовыми препаратами. Как однократное, так и двукратное применение К-Гумат-Nа с микроэлементами приводило к увеличению высоты растений, площади флагового листа, урожайности биомассы и сухого вещества. В условиях наших экспериментов максимальная урожайность зеленой массы отмечена у сорта Сахара при двукратном использовании К-Гумат-Nа в среднем за два года (34,2 т/га). Гуминовые препараты также вызвали рост содержания сырого протеина в урожае сухой биомассы сорта Сахара в 2017-2018 гг. (К-Гумат-Nа с микроэлементами на 21,8-23,1 %), сырого жира (Reasil Forte Carb-N-Humiс на 45,4-54,5 % соответственно). Результаты проведенных полевых исследований подтверждают целесообразность использования солей гуминовых кислот в виде предпосевной и листовой обработок при возделывании сахарного сорго. The article presents the results of studying the effect of humic preparations on the yield and quality of sugar sorghum biomass. The objects of the research were varieties Capital (St), Sahara, Volunteer, Sevilla, Chaika. The experiment was laid on the experimental field of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Russian Research and Design Technological Institute for Sorghum and Corn” (“Rossorgo”) according to a two-factor scheme (factor A - variety, factor B - humates) in different weather conditions. Differentiated responsiveness of varieties to treatment with humic preparations was noted. Both single and double application of K-Humate-Na with micro-elements led to an increase in plant height, flag leaf area, biomass, and dry matter yield. Under the conditions of our experiments, the maximum yield of green mass was observed in the Sahara variety with the double use of K-Humate-Nа on average for two years (34.2 t/ha). Humic preparations also caused an increase in the content of crude protein in the dry biomass harvest of the Sahara variety in 2017-2018. (K-Humate-Nа with micro-elements by 21.8-23.1%), crude fat (Reasil Forte Carb-N-Humic by 45.4-54.5%, respectively). The results of the field studies confirm the advisability of using salts of humic acids in the form of presowing and leaf treatments in the cultivation of sugar sorghum.

scholarly journals Dependence of yield and quality of soybean grain on macro and micro fertilizers against the background of liming aftereffect

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-424
Author(s):  
L. N. Prokina
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Unfavorable Weather

The article presents the results of research performed in a field stationary experiment on leached chernozem. In soy sowings of the Mageva variety, studied was the effectiveness of joint and separate application of various doses of mineral fertilizers and chelated form of microfertilizers (ZhUSS-2) in variants with soil previously limed in 0.5 and 1.0 h.a. The analysis of crop yield showed that the value of this indicator was significantly influenced only by mineral fertilizers, which provided an increase from 0.05 to 0.37 t/ha. as compared to the variant without fertilizers (0.89 t/ha, LSD05 0.05 t/ha). An increase in the level of nitrogen nutrition from 45 to 60 kg a. i. / ha did not contribute to a significant increase in soybean productivity and reduced the payback of 1 kg of a. i. nitrogen by grain from 7.11 to 5.44 kg. The content of crude protein in soybean grain significantly increased as the result of the aftereffect of liming of the soil in 0.5 h.a. by 0.79 % (LSD05 0.33 %), of ZhUSS-2 preparation use ˗ by 0.19 % (LSD05 0.16 %) and of mineral fertilizers use – by 0.26-4.02 % (LSD05 0.22%). When full mineral fertilizer was applied, the concentration of crude fat decreased by 0.53-0.62 abs. %. Considering unfavorable weather conditions for sowing soybean crops on leached chernozem it is possible to recommend the application of mineral fertilizers in doses of N30P50K80 and N45P50K80 together with treatment of crops with ZhUSS-2 preparation.

Prospects of spring wheat cultivation in the conditions of arid Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Valery Genadievich Popov ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Panfilov ◽  
Yuriy Vyacheslavovich Bondarenko ◽  
Konstantin Mikhailovich Doronin ◽  
Evgeny Nikolaevih Martynov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Wheat Cultivation ◽  
Forest Belts ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the experience of the impact of the system of forest belts and mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat, including on irrigated lands. Vegetation irrigation is designed to maintain the humidity of the active soil layer from germination to maturation at the lower level of the optimum-70-75%, and in the phases of tubulation-earing - flowering - 75-80% NV. However, due to the large differences in zones and microzones of soil and climate conditions and due to the weather conditions of individual years, wheat irrigation regimes require a clear differentiation. In the Volga region in the dry autumn rainfalls give the norm of 800-1000 m3/ha, and in saline soils – 1000-1300 and 3-4 vegetation irrigation at tillering, phases of booting, earing and grain formation the norm 600-650 m3/ha. the impact of the system of forest belts, mineral fertilizers on the yield of spring wheat is closely tied to the formation of microclimate at different distances from forest edges.

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