scholarly journals Evaluation and analysis of the efficiency of crop production in Ukraine by the DEA method

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 312 (10) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Yana Dolhikh
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Inefficient Operation

The purpose of the article is to estimation the technical, pure technical and scale efficiency of the production of crop production in Ukraine, to identify sources of inefficiency by the DEA method. Research methods. The DEA method was used for estimation the technical, pure technical and scale efficiency of the studied agricultural enterprises and for identify sources of inefficiency. Research results. Based on statistical information for 2019, the DEA method evaluated the technical, pure technical, large-scale efficiency of enterprises in the regions of Ukraine in the field of crop production, analyzed such to determine the causes of inefficient operation of the studied enterprises. Scientific novelty. The features of the application of the DEA method to estimation of technical, pure technical, scale efficiency of agricultural enterprises and identify the causes of inefficient work were identified. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used to rank agricultural enterprises by efficiency, to identified the causes of their inefficient work. Tabl.: 3. Refs.: 12.

Modern tendencies of formation of the market of forage harvesting machinery

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 321 (7) ◽  
pp. 38-49
Author(s):  
Vadym Petrov ◽  
Oleksandr Zakharchuk ◽  
Yaroslav Navrotskyi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Current State ◽  
Fodder Production

The purpose of the article is to investigate the tendencies of the machinery for field forage production in Ukraine and to substantiate the main criteria for decision-making by the management of the agricultural enterprises and agroservice structures in the formation of their fleets. Identify ways to improve the production of equipment for field fodder production in Ukraine Research methods. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of cognition of the processes and phenomena, scientific works of the domestic scientists on the problems of formation, development and functioning of the agricultural machinery markets. The following research methods have been applied to solve the problems set in the work: monographic (for analyzing the peculiarities of the formation of the forage harvesters market in Ukraine), empirical (for complex assessment of the current state of the research object), abstract and logical (for generalization and formulation of the conclusions). Research results. The current state, preconditions and peculiarities of the market formation of field forage harvesters and provision with them of the rural producers have been analyzed. The factors that hinder the organization of production of complex agricultural machinery in Ukraine during the days of the state independence have been investigated. The main directions of implementation of the scientific and technological progress in the constructions of complex agricultural machinery of the leading world producers have been analyzed. The scientifically substantiated proposals on the criteria of decision-making in the formation of the forage harvesters fleets have been worked out. Ways to improve the production of equipment for field fodder production in Ukraine have been identified. Scientific novelty. The theoretical provisions on the formation of the agricultural machinery market have been further developed, taking into account the introduction of the latest innovative achievements of the scientific and technological progress in agricultural machinery construction and structural changes in agriculture of Ukraine. Practical significance. The main technical and technological, economic factors influencing the formation of the market of technical means for field forage production in Ukraine have been identified. The proposals for determining the criteria for managerial decision-making in the formation of the forage harvesters fleets by the agricultural enterprises and agroservice structures have been developed. Ways to improve the production of domestic equipment are proposed. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 22.

scholarly journals Agile-philosophy as a tool for using flexible approaches in public administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1 SI) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Kateryna Komarova
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Logical System ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Dialectical Method ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Flexible Management

Purpore. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the feasibility of using Agile-philosophy in public administration.Research methodology. The following research methods were used: dialectical method of cognition; logical; system analysis; abstract-logical and others - to justify the importance of using flexible approaches in public administration.Research results. The importance of using Agile-philosophy in public administration is substantiated and recommendations for the use of Scrum-methodology of project management in the activities of public authorities are identified.The practical significance of the research results. The obtained results can become the basis for further research of theoretical and applied nature related to the use of Scrum-commands on the basis of ideas and principles of flexible management technologies in the field of public administration.

scholarly journals Development of the world market of sheep products

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 310 (8) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Zharuk ◽  
Tetiana Koval ◽  
Olga Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
National Policy ◽  
World Market ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Sheep Breeding ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
The World

The purpose of the article is to assess the main trends in the functioning of the world market for sheep products to determine the strategic guidelines for the industry in Ukraine. Research methods. In the process of research, the dialectical method of cognition, a systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes were used; abstract-logical method - for generalizations and formulation of conclusions; monographic - for detailing the conjunctural components of the world market for sheep products; empirical - for a comprehensive assessment of the current state of the research object; historical - for structuring in time the main trends in the development of the market under study; comparative analysis - to compare indicators and identify the dynamics of their changes over time; tabular - to reflect the results of research, graphic - to visually display the results of the price ranks of the main products of sheep breeding; statistical groupings - for the distribution of countries into groups according to different factors. Research results. The retrospective and the current state of the market of sheep products in the world have been investigated. The analysis of production volumes and livestock of sheep in the world in the context of the largest producers is carried out. It was revealed the strengthening of specialization in the meat and dairy direction in the world sheep breeding. The countries of the world have been ranked according to the level of purchase prices for 1 ton of sheep meat, 1 ton of wool and 1 ton of sheep milk. The dynamics of exports and imports of live sheep, sheep meat, wool and sheep cheese in the context of the main exporters and importers for the period 2012-2018 is considered. It has been established that, taking into account the global trends in the development of the sheep products market, in Ukraine it is advisable to increase the production of sheep meat in large-scale farms, which will satisfy the existing demand for these products in the world. Also, one of the promising areas for the development of the industry can be the production of elite sheep cheeses, starting with small craft production of regional brands. Scientific novelty. The analytical assessment of the world market situation for the main types of sheep products from the standpoint of Ukraine's integration into the international market for these products was further developed. Practical significance. The research results can be used by public administration bodies in determining the national policy of sheep industry development, the formation of a strategy for its development, taking into account export opportunities in the short and long term. Tabl.: 8. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 13.

scholarly journals Зміни біохімічних показників плодів вишні залежно від сорту та способу заморожування

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-26
Author(s):  
О. В. Василишина ◽  
Є. П. Постоленко
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Research Results ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Sugar Syrup ◽  
Acid Index

Мета статті − вивчення впливу особливостей сорту та способу заморожування на якісні показники плодів вишні. Методика дослідження. Дослідження тривали протягом 2016−2018 рр з плодами вишні сортів: Жадана, Шанс, Елегантна, Оптимістка, Подбєльська, Альфа, Пам'ять Артеменка, вирощених на дослідній станції помології імені Л. П. Симиренка ІС НААН. Плоди вишні, зібрані у споживчій стадії стиглості, попередньо сортували, інспектували, мили, заморожували у пластикових стаканах за температури –22−24°С в попередньо підготовлених цукрових сиропах за такими варіантами: розсипом (контроль); у 25% цукровому сиропі; 20% цукровому сиропі з додаванням 4% аскорутину; 45% цукровому сиропі. Зберігали за температури −18°С. Результати дослідження. Дослідження показали, що вміст цукру в свіжих плодах вишні в межах 10,14−10,96%. Після заморожування плодів вишні в 45% цукровому сиропі та в 20% цукровому сиропі з додаванням 4% аскорутину втрати цукрів найменші і складають 2,26−8,88% та 3,3−10,16% відповідно. Вміст кислот у дослідних плодах вишні складає 1,67−2,02%, наменший він для сорту Елегантна −1,67%, а найвищий − Пам'ять Артеменка 2,02%. Протягом трьох місяців заморожування, порівняно із свіжими плодами,  вміст кислот знизився на 2,19−11,9 %, а в кінці заморожування відбулось незначне підвищення їх вмісту на 0,5−3,47 %. Елементи наукової новизни. У дослідженні проаналізовано зміну показників якості плодів вишні за їх низькотемпературного заморожування розсипом та в цукрових сиропах. Найбільш гармонійний смак відчувався у плодів вишні сортів Альфа, Пам'ять Артеменка та Шанс. Найменше зниження цукрово-кислотного індексу зафіксовано у плодах вишні, заморожених в 45% цукровому сиропі та в 20% розчині цукру з додаванням 4% аскорутину. Практична значущість. Для збереження гармонійного смаку з високим цукрово-кислотним індексом плоди вишні необхідно заморожувати в 20% розчині цукру з додаванням 4% аскорутину. The purpose of the article is to study the influence of variety peculiarities and the method of freezing on quality indices of cherry berries. Research methods. The research was carried out during 2016−2018 with berries of cherry varieties: Zhadana, Shans, Elehantna, Optymistka, Podbielska, Alfa, Pamiat Artemenka, grown at the Research Station of Pomology named after L. P. Symyrenka of the IH NAAS. Fruits of berries were picked at the consumer stage of maturation, then they were presorted, inspected, washed, frozen in plastic cups at the temperature of -22−24 °C in prepared sugar syrups according to the following variants: in bulk (control);  in 25 % sugar syrup; in 20 % sugar syrup with 4 % of ascorutin added; in 45 % sugar syrup. The berries were stored at -18 °C. The research results. Studies have shown that the content of sugar in fresh cherry berries was within the range of 10.14−10.96 %. After freezing of cherry berries in 45 % sugar syrup and 20 % sugar syrup with adding 4 % of ascorutin the loss of sugar was the least – 2.26−8.88 % and 3.3−10.16 %, correspondingly. The acid content in the studied cherry berries was 1.67−2.02 %, it was the smallest in Elehantna variety – 1.67 %, and the highest in Pamiat Artemenka – 2.02 %. During the three months of freezing, the acid content decreased by 2.19−11.9 % as compared with fresh berries, and at the end of freezing there was a slight increase in their content by 0.5−3.47 %. The elements of scientific novelty. The berries of Alfa, Pamiat Artemenka, and Shans varieties were distinguished by the most harmonious taste. The least decrease in the sugar-acid index in cherry was observed in berries frozen in 45 % sugar syrup and 20 % sugar syrup with 4 % ascorutin added. Practical significance. In order to preserve a harmonious taste with a high sugar-acid index, the cherry berries must be frozen in 20 % solution of sugar with adding 4 % of ascorutin.

scholarly journals The influence of the level of production intensity on the formation of an effective cost structure in crop production

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Dmytro Shyian ◽  
Nataliia Lialina ◽  
Kateryna Honcharova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Effective Cost ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to assess the relationship between the level of yield and the absolute and relative value of production costs of wheat, dredge corn, sunflower. Research methods. In the course of research a dialectical method of cognition was used, as well as systematic approach to the study of economic phenomena and processes, a monographic method (analysis of scientific achievements of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of theory and practice of ensuring effective cost formation in agricultural enterprises). From special research methods abstract-logical (for theoretical generalizations and formulation of conclusions), economic-statistical (at definition of influence of level of intensity on size and efficiency of expenses of the basic kinds of crop production, establishment of character of their dependence), graphic (at construction of graphic images of researched processes) were used. Research results. As a result of the study, it was established how the intensity of production affects the formation of production efficiency of major crops (wheat, dredge corn, sunflower). The nature and degree of dependence between the level of yield of the main crops and the absolute and relative value of their production costs are also determined. The obtained results make it possible to form the preconditions for ensuring the development of agriculture, in particular the crop sector. Scientific novelty. The quantitative assessment of the impact of production intensity on the formation of cost-effectiveness in crop production, with a justification for changing their absolute and relative structure, was further developed. Practical significance. The practical significance of the obtained results is that their use will promote the agricultural deve-lopment, in particular crop production; improving the efficiency of existing enterprises. Tabl.: 5. Figs.: 2. Refs.: 15.

scholarly journals Prerequisites defining the trajectory of creative thinking

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-100
Author(s):  
M. K. Suyundikova ◽  
E. O. Zhumataeva ◽  
M. M. Suyundikov ◽  
E. I. Snopkova
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Know How ◽  
Vision Assessment ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. The modern, rapidly changing world needs specialists with creative thinking skills, who are able to show rapidity, flexibility and originality in solving complex and extraordinary problems. When a specialist finds himself in such a situation where he faces extraordinary problems, he does not know how to solve them and is at a loss. It is impossible to acquire creative thinking skills without preparation. Therefore, a student, a future specialist, must be taught these skills. However, the difficulty lies in the fact that without developing students' skills such as analysis, synthesis, abstract, associative and combinatorial thinking, selective comparison, generalisation of information, system vision, assessment of ideas, the ability to ask right questions, to visualise and to draw conclusions, it will be difficult to further develop creative thinking in students.Aim. The aim of the study is to discover the relationship between various types of thinking and creative thinking, to determine the types of thought operations and the list of prerequisites that precede creative thinking, which will contribute to the formation of creative thinking in students.Methodology and research methods. General logical reasoning methods and some scientific research methods were applied. The phenomenological method was employed to understand the process of creative thinking. Based on the determination of the main parameters and properties of each type of thinking, it became possible to model the process of creative thinking activity, to investigate this mental process and draw certain conclusions. The use of the explanatory method also makes it possible to substantiate the need for the following prerequisites for the formation of creative thinking.Results and scientific novelty. Based on the analysis, it was discovered that various types of thinking are related to creative thinking, the types of thought operations were determined and a list of prerequisites was proposed. The list of prerequisites includes the following types of thinking: positive, synergetic, associative, abstract, visual, algorithmic, divergent, lateral, Janusian, questioning style, combinatorial, intuitive, systemic, and critical. The research results show the importance and necessity of prerequisites for creative thinking and also determine the trajectory of creative thinking activity.Practical significance. The research results can be useful for teachers of higher educational institutions with the aim of applying them in the learning process.

Intelligent Lighting Control System in Large-Scale Sports Competition Venues

2018 ◽  
pp. 172-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengmin CAO
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Lighting Control ◽  
Sports Events ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation Model

This paper mainly studies the application of intelligent lighting control system in different sports events in large sports competition venues. We take the Xiantao Stadium, a large­scale sports competition venue in Zaozhuang City, Shandong Province as an example, to study its intelligent lighting control system. In this paper, the PID (proportion – integral – derivative) incremental control model and the Karatsuba multiplication model are used, and the intelligent lighting control system is designed and implemented by multi­level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Finally, the paper evaluates the actual effect of the intelligent lighting control system. The research shows that the intelligent lighting control system designed in this paper can accurately control the lighting of different sports in large stadiums. The research in this paper has important practical significance for the planning and design of large­scale sports competition venues.

Standards for physical fitness of biathletes during the period of sport skills perfectionм

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mikhalev ◽  
Elena Reutskaya ◽  
Pavel Pinyagin
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Educational Experiment ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Sport Skills ◽  
One Year ◽  
Testing Speed

The purpose – perfection of the techniques for controlling speed-strength capabilities and endurance of the rotator cuff muscles of biathletes during the period of sport skills perfection. Research methods and organization. The study involved 204 biathletes aged 15-17. We tested the speed- strength abilities and endurance of rotator cuff muscles with the Skierg Concept2 ski ergometer (USA). Research results. Significant changes in the endurance of rotator cuff muscles of biathletes occur in the age period from 15 to 16 years. The change in speed-strength abilities of female biathletes, in contrast to male biathletes, occurs against the background of an increase in the number of ski pole movements per minute. We processed the obtained data using the method of determining the boundaries of confidence intervals. Based on the data processed, we developed the standards for assessment of the speed-strength abilities and strength endurance of rotator cuff muscles of biathletes during the period of sport skills perfection with the Skierg Concept2 ski ergometer (USA). We tested applicability of the developed standards for speed-strength abilities and strength endurance of rotator cuff muscles in a one-year educational experiment. Conclusion. We proposed a methodology for testing speed-strength abilities and strength endurance of rotator cuff muscles with the Skierg Concept2 ski ergometer (USA) in the framework of our study. The developed stand- ards for assessing speed-strength abilities and strength endurance of rotator cuff muscles of biathletes during the period of sport skills perfection help to identify strong and weak points of fitness and to predict the possibility of achieving certain results by individual parameters.

scholarly journals Agricultural Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Farmers in Ethiopia: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Markose Chekol Zewdie ◽  
Michele Moretti ◽  
Daregot Berihun Tenessa ◽  
Zemen Ayalew Ayele ◽  
Jan Nyssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

In the past decade, to improve crop production and productivity, Ethiopia has embarked on an ambitious irrigation farming expansion program and has introduced new large- and small-scale irrigation initiatives. However, in Ethiopia, poverty remains a challenge, and crop productivity per unit area of land is very low. Literature on the technical efficiency (TE) of large-scale and small-scale irrigation user farmers as compared to the non-user farmers in Ethiopia is also limited. Investigating smallholder farmers’ TE level and its principal determinants is very important to increase crop production and productivity and to improve smallholder farmers’ livelihood and food security. Using 1026 household-level cross-section data, this study adopts a technology flexible stochastic frontier approach to examine agricultural TE of large-scale irrigation users, small-scale irrigation users and non-user farmers in Ethiopia. The results indicate that, due to poor extension services and old-style agronomic practices, the mean TE of farmers is very low (44.33%), implying that there is a wider room for increasing crop production in the study areas through increasing the TE of smallholder farmers without additional investment in novel agricultural technologies. Results also show that large-scale irrigation user farmers (21.05%) are less technically efficient than small-scale irrigation user farmers (60.29%). However, improving irrigation infrastructure shifts the frontier up and has a positive impact on smallholder farmers’ output.

scholarly journals Predicting Shifts in Land Suitability for Maize Cultivation Worldwide Due to Climate Change: A Modeling Approach

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Anyu Zhang ◽  
Yaojie Yue ◽  
Jing’ai Wang ◽  
Peng Su
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Suitability ◽  
Large Scale Assessment ◽  
Scale Assessment ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
Large Scale Screening ◽  
Selection Of

Suitable land is an important prerequisite for crop cultivation and, given the prospect of climate change, it is essential to assess such suitability to minimize crop production risks and to ensure food security. Although a variety of methods to assess the suitability are available, a comprehensive, objective, and large-scale screening of environmental variables that influence the results—and therefore their accuracy—of these methods has rarely been explored. An approach to the selection of such variables is proposed and the criteria established for large-scale assessment of land, based on big data, for its suitability to maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation as a case study. The predicted suitability matched the past distribution of maize with an overall accuracy of 79% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.72. The land suitability for maize is likely to decrease markedly at low latitudes and even at mid latitudes. The total area suitable for maize globally and in most major maize-producing countries will decrease, the decrease being particularly steep in those regions optimally suited for maize at present. Compared with earlier research, the method proposed in the present paper is simple yet objective, comprehensive, and reliable for large-scale assessment. The findings of the study highlight the necessity of adopting relevant strategies to cope with the adverse impacts of climate change.

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