Application of GIS in Rainwater Harvesting Research: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Preeti Preeti ◽  
Ataur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Building Footprint ◽  
Development Goals

The spatial and temporal variability of quantity and quality of water are important aspects of water resources management. Water demand has been increasing across the globe, but the fresh water supply is limited. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems are increasingly being embraced as an alternative freshwater source. This study reviews the dynamics of global research on RWH that utilises geographic information systems (GIS). It is found that the interest and use of RWH utilising GIS have increased over the recent years. However, the full potential of GIS in large scale RWH is yet to be untapped. We make recommendations for future research on RWH based on GIS. This includes new software and model development that links RWH with GIS to plan and design large scale RWH and automated building footprint extraction for estimating RWH potential. GIS can play a bigger role in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by incorporating GIS with RWH since GIS can handle large spatial data efficiently, which can help in locating areas that are suitable for rainwater harvesting.

scholarly journals Negative emissions and international climate goals—learning from and about mitigation scenarios

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérôme Hilaire ◽  
Jan C. Minx ◽  
Max W. Callaghan ◽  
Jae Edmonds ◽  
Gunnar Luderer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Climate Feedbacks ◽  
Systematic Assessment ◽  
Net Uptake ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Near Term ◽  
First Time

Abstract For aiming to keep global warming well-below 2 °C and pursue efforts to limit it to 1.5 °C, as set out in the Paris Agreement, a full-fledged assessment of negative emission technologies (NETs) that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is crucial to inform science-based policy making. With the Paris Agreement in mind, we re-analyse available scenario evidence to understand the roles of NETs in 1.5 °C and 2 °C scenarios and, for the first time, link this to a systematic review of findings in the underlying literature. In line with previous research, we find that keeping warming below 1.5 °C requires a rapid large-scale deployment of NETs, while for 2 °C, we can still limit NET deployment substantially by ratcheting up near-term mitigation ambition. Most recent evidence stresses the importance of future socio-economic conditions in determining the flexibility of NET deployment and suggests opportunities for hedging technology risks by adopting portfolios of NETs. Importantly, our thematic review highlights that there is a much richer set of findings on NETs than commonly reflected upon both in scientific assessments and available reviews. In particular, beyond the common findings on NETs underpinned by dozens of studies around early scale-up, the changing shape of net emission pathways or greater flexibility in the timing of climate policies, there is a suite of “niche and emerging findings”, e.g. around innovation needs and rapid technological change, termination of NETs at the end of the twenty-first century or the impacts of climate change on the effectiveness of NETs that have not been widely appreciated. Future research needs to explore the role of climate damages on NET uptake, better understand the geophysical constraints of NET deployment (e.g. water, geological storage, climate feedbacks), and provide a more systematic assessment of NET portfolios in the context of sustainable development goals.

Development and Application of Urban Water Supplying Network System Based on GIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 3073-3076
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhong Wu ◽  
Jun Ping Liu ◽  
Jing Jin
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Information Management System ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Thematic Map ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Set Up

The system of urban water supplying network which is very indicate and large-scale has complex spatial information and attributes, so the traditional method to manage the water supplying network is difficult to meet the actual needs of the network. Taking a urban water supplying network as an example, making full use of its powerful function of inquiring the data, analyzing and processing the spatial data, demonstrating interactively the data and graph of the geographic information system (GIS), the information management system of water supplying network based on ArcGIS is set up to achieve the goals of browsing the spatial data quickly, drawing the thematic map for the feedwater nodes, water supplying pipelines and other facilites. So it can improve the efficiency and quality of water supplying network management, and provide the scientific basis and technical support for the operation and maintenance of water supplying network and other daily management.

scholarly journals Earth Observation for Sustainable Infrastructure: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1528
Author(s):  
Yongze Song ◽  
Peng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Earth Observation Data

Infrastructure is a fundamental sector for sustainable development and Earth observation has great potentials for sustainable infrastructure development (SID). However, implementations of the timely, large–scale and multi–source Earth observation are still limited in satisfying the huge global requirements of SID. This study presents a systematical literature review to identify trends of Earth observation for sustainable infrastructure (EOSI), investigate the relationship between EOSI and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and explore challenges and future directions of EOSI. Results reveal the close associations of infrastructure, urban development, ecosystems, climate, Earth observation and GIS in EOSI, and indicate their relationships. In addition, from the perspective of EOSI–SDGs relationship, the huge potentials of EOSI are demonstrated from the 70% of the infrastructure influenced targets that can be directly or indirectly derived from Earth observation data, but have not been included in current SDG indicators. Finally, typical EOSI cases are presented to indicate challenges and future research directions. This review emphasizes the contributions and potentials of Earth observation to SID and EOSI is a powerful pathway to deliver on SDGs.

scholarly journals Visualizing Sustainability Research in Business and Management (1990–2019) and Emerging Topics: A Large-Scale Bibliometric Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong Jia ◽  
Liyuan Wei ◽  
Xiaotong Li
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Sustainability Research ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Clear Shift ◽  
Business And Management

While researchers from many disciplines are increasingly interested in studying issues related to sustainability, few studies have presented a holistic view of sustainability from the perspectives of business and management. This bibliometric study quantitatively analyzed a big data set of 30 years of sustainability research (1990–2019), consisting of 37,322 publications and 1,199,398 cited references, visualizing major topics, dynamic evolution, and emerging development. The decade-by-decade in-depth analysis shows a clear shift from a nearly exclusive focus on economic growth and consumption to all three pillars of sustainability, i.e., economic growth, social development, and environmental protection. Highlighting the differences between United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and the popular research topics from academia, our analysis uncovers research gaps and suggests future research directions for sustainability researchers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Towards an Improved Large-Scale Gridded Population Dataset: A Pan-European Study on the Integration of 3D Settlement Data into Population Modelling

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Daniela Palacios-Lopez ◽  
Thomas Esch ◽  
Kytt MacManus ◽  
Mattia Marconcini ◽  
Alessandro Sorichetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Classification Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Population Modelling ◽  
High Rise ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Misclassification Errors ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Building Footprint ◽  
First Time

Large-scale gridded population datasets available at the global or continental scale have become an important source of information in applications related to sustainable development. In recent years, the emergence of new population models has leveraged the inclusion of more accurate and spatially detailed proxy layers describing the built-up environment (e.g., built-area and building footprint datasets), enhancing the quality, accuracy and spatial resolution of existing products. However, due to the consistent lack of vertical and functional information on the built-up environment, large-scale gridded population datasets that rely on existing built-up land proxies still report large errors of under- and overestimation, especially in areas with predominantly high-rise buildings or industrial/commercial areas, respectively. This research investigates, for the first time, the potential contributions of the new World Settlement Footprint—3D (WSF3D) dataset in the field of large-scale population modelling. First, we combined a Random Forest classifier with spatial metrics derived from the WSF3D to predict the industrial versus non-industrial use of settlement pixels at the Pan-European scale. We then examined the effects of including volume and settlement use information into frameworks of dasymetric population modelling. We found that the proposed classification method can predict industrial and non-industrial areas with overall accuracies and a kappa-coefficient of ~84% and 0.68, respectively. Additionally, we found that both, integrating volume and settlement use information considerably increased the accuracy of population estimates between 10% and 30% over commonly employed models (e.g., based on a binary settlement mask as input), mainly by eliminating systematic large overestimations in industrial/commercial areas. While the proposed method shows strong promise for overcoming some of the main limitations in large-scale population modelling, future research should focus on improving the quality of the WFS3D dataset and the classification method alike, to avoid the false detection of built-up settlements and to reduce misclassification errors of industrial and high-rise buildings.

scholarly journals On the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Monitoring

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Manfreda ◽  
Matthew McCabe ◽  
Pauline Miller ◽  
Richard Lucas ◽  
Victor Pajuelo Madrigal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Aerial Systems ◽  
Current Monitoring

Environmental monitoring plays a central role in diagnosing climate and management impacts on natural and agricultural systems, enhancing the understanding hydrological processes, optimizing the allocation and distribution of water resources, and assessing, forecasting and even preventing natural disasters. Nowadays, most monitoring and data collection systems are based upon a combination of ground-based measurements, manned airborne sensors or satellite observations. These data are utilized in describing both small and large scale processes, but have spatiotemporal constraints inherent to each respective collection system. Bridging the unique spatial and temporal divides that limit current monitoring platforms is key to improving our understanding of environmental systems. In this context, Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have considerable potential to radically evolve environmental monitoring. UAS-mounted sensors offer an extraordinary opportunity to bridge the existing gap between field observations and traditional air- and space-borne remote sensing, by providing not just high spatial detail over relatively large areas in a cost-effective way, but as importantly providing an entirely new capacity for enhanced temporal retrieval. As well as showcasing recent advances in the field, there is also a need to identify and understand the potential limitations of UAS technology. For these platforms to reach their monitoring potential, a wide spectrum of unresolved issues and applications specific challenges require focused community attention. Indeed, to leverage the full potential of UAS-based approaches, sensing technologies, measurement protocols, post-processing techniques, retrieval algorithms and evaluations techniques need to be harmonized. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive general overview of the existing research on studies and applications of UAS in environmental monitoring in order to suggest users and researchers on future research directions, applications, developments and challenges.

Computer-aided Design Techniques for Flow-based Microfluidic Lab-on-a-chip Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Xing Huang ◽  
Tsung-Yi Ho ◽  
Wenzhong Guo ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Krishnendu Chakrabarty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Lab On A Chip ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Aided Design

As one of the most promising lab-on-a-chip systems, flow-based microfluidic biochips are being increasingly used for automatically executing various laboratory procedures in biology and biochemistry, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, point-of-care diagnosis, and so on. As manufacturing technology advances, the characteristic dimensions of biochip systems keep shrinking, and tens of thousands of microvalves can now be integrated into a coin-sized microfluidic platform, making the conventional manual-based chip design no longer applicable. Accordingly, computer-aided design (CAD) of microfluidics has attracted considerable research interest in the EDA community over the past decade. This review article presents recent advances in the design automation of biochips, involving CAD techniques for architectural synthesis, wash optimization, testing, fault diagnosis, and fault-tolerant design. With the help of these CAD tools, chip designers can be released from the burden of complex, large-scale design tasks. Meanwhile, new chip architectures can be explored automatically to open new doors to meet requirements from future large-scale biological experiments and medical diagnosis. We discuss key trends and directions for future research that are related to enable microfluidics to reach its full potential, thus further advancing the development and progression of the microfluidics industry.

Transforming Legacy Spatial Data into Testable Hypotheses about Socioeconomic Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77
Author(s):  
Colin P. Quinn ◽  
Daniel Fivenson
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Settlement Systems ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Legacy Data

ABSTRACTAs archaeologists expand the accessibility of legacy data, they have an opportunity to use these datasets to design future research. We argue that legacy data can be a critical resource to help predict characteristics of sites and socioeconomic systems. In this article, we present a combined geographic information system (GIS) and network analysis methodology that turns site location data into testable hypotheses about site characteristics and the organization of regional settlement systems. We demonstrate the utility of this approach with a case study: Bronze Age (2700–1100 BC) settlement patterns in the mining region of Hunedoara in southwest Transylvania, Romania. We leverage unsystematically collected site location information in legacy datasets to develop testable predictions about sites, regional networks, and socioeconomic systems that can be evaluated through future systematic surveys and large-scale excavations. Such testable hypotheses can inform archaeological research design by providing a quantitative basis for determining where to focus research efforts and can also help secure funding and fieldwork permits. The method developed here can be applied in diverse archaeological contexts to reinvigorate legacy data as part of future archaeological research design.

scholarly journals Integrated Solutions for the Water-Energy-Land Nexus: Are Global Models Rising to the Challenge?

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Johnson ◽  
Peter Burek ◽  
Edward Byers ◽  
Giacomo Falchetta ◽  
Martina Flörke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Keyword Search ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Implementation Challenges ◽  
Trade Offs

Increasing human demands for water, energy, food and materials, are expected to accentuate resource supply challenges over the coming decades. Experience suggests that long-term strategies for a single sector could yield both trade-offs and synergies for other sectors. Thus, long-term transition pathways for linked resource systems should be informed using nexus approaches. Global integrated assessment models can represent the synergies and trade-offs inherent in the exploitation of water, energy and land (WEL) resources, including the impacts of international trade and climate policies. In this study, we review the current state-of-the-science in global integrated assessment modeling with an emphasis on how models have incorporated integrated WEL solutions. A large-scale assessment of the relevant literature was performed using online databases and structured keyword search queries. The results point to the following main opportunities for future research and model development: (1) improving the temporal and spatial resolution of economic models for the energy and water sectors; (2) balancing energy and land requirements across sectors; (3) integrated representation of the role of distribution infrastructure in alleviating resource challenges; (4) modeling of solution impacts on downstream environmental quality; (5) improved representation of the implementation challenges stemming from regional financial and institutional capacity; (6) enabling dynamic multi-sectoral vulnerability and adaptation needs assessment; and (7) the development of fully-coupled assessment frameworks based on consistent, scalable, and regionally-transferable platforms. Improved database management and computational power are needed to address many of these modeling challenges at a global-scale.

scholarly journals How Transformation Catalysts Take Catalytic Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9813
Author(s):  
Ju Young Lee ◽  
Sandra Waddock
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Catalytic Action ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Level 1

The challenges that are associated with the 17 United Nations sustainable development goals are wickedly complex and interconnected in nature. Because they require transformational changes at the systems level, the pace of change has, so far, been nowhere near fast enough to meet the goals by 2030. In this paper, we analyze the catalytic actions of a novel form of organizing that could potentially facilitate the timely achievement of transformational aspirations such as the SDGs: the transformation catalyst (TC). By identifying 27 TCs and analyzing their vision, mission, values, and their practices represented on their websites, we elaborate the following four key ways that TCs are distinctive from other entities, and therefore potentially more capable of facilitating transformational changes at the systems level: (1) TCs have transformation agendas that target systems-level solutions to bring about large-scale and fundamental changes in the relevant system(s), as opposed to more incremental or fragmented approaches; (2) TCs engage in catalytic actions, such as connecting, cohering, and amplifying the work of partners and collaborators; (3) TCs clearly acknowledge the current status quo, attributions, and urgency (i.e., sensemaking) of the issues on which they focus; and finally, (4) TCs embody systems orientation. In exploring how TCs work, we hope to build a solid conceptual framework for understanding the nature of transformative catalytic action on societal issues, and consolidate our understanding of what elements are needed if TCs are to work, providing a starting point for future research.

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