scholarly journals Combination of the Reduction Reaction in the Cement Plant DeNox by the Extended Precalciner Module and Intelligent SNCR System Upgradation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiqiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
New Method ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Working Situation

Nox emission is required to be less than 50 Mg/Nm3 for cement industry according to the environmental policies in some provinces. As Nox can be chemically reduced to N2 by reduction reaction, this paper will introduce a new method by the combination of two reduction reaction to reduce the Nox emission in cement plant. One reduction reaction is reducing the Nox by CO which is produced in the extended gasifier calciner. Another reduction reaction is reducing the Nox by ammonia which is produced by spraying the ammonia water in the pre-calciner outlet where temperature is between 850°C and 950°C which is considered as the best reaction temperature range for this reduction reaction. Also, the intelligent SNCR system is introduced in the reduction reaction to control the reaction amount of the ammonia water. The intelligent SNCR system can forecast the working situation by studying the clinker calcining system process data. In this way, Both the Nox emission and the ammonia consumption can be substantially reduced.

scholarly journals Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Iron-Based Particle Electrode Outperforms Activated Carbon in Three-Dimensional Electrochemical Water Treatment Systems

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3121
Author(s):  
Hosna Ghanbarlou ◽  
Nikoline Loklindt Pedersen ◽  
Morten Enggrob Simonsen ◽  
Jens Muff
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Pesticide Removal ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Graphene ◽  
Doped Graphene

The synergy between electrochemical oxidation and adsorption on particle electrodes was investigated in three-dimensional (3D) systems for p-nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO) decolorization and pesticide removal. A comparison was made between granular activated carbon (GAC) and a novel synthesized nitrogen-doped graphene-based particle electrode (NCPE). Experiments on RNO decolorization show that the synergy parameter of the 3D-NCPE system was improved 3000 times compared to the studied 3D-GAC system. This was due to the specific nanostructure and composition of the NCPE material. Nitrogen-doped graphene triggered an oxygen reduction reaction, producing hydrogen peroxide that simultaneously catalyzed on iron sites of the NCPEs to hydroxyl radicals following the electro-Fenton (EF) process. Data showed that in the experimental setup used for the study, the applied cell voltage required for the optimal value of the synergy parameter could be lowered to 5V in the 3D-NCPEs process, which is significantly better than the 15–20 V needed for synergy to be found in the 3D-GAC process. Compared to previous studies with 3D-GAC, the removal of pesticides 2,6 dichlorobenzamide (BAM), 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyaceticacid (MCPA), and methylchlorophenoxypropionic acid (MCPP) was also enhanced in the 3D-NCPE system.

scholarly journals Technological Energy Efficiency Improvements in Cement Industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3810
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cantini ◽  
Leonardo Leoni ◽  
Filippo De Carlo ◽  
Marcello Salvio ◽  
Chiara Martini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Industrial Energy ◽  
Industrial Energy Consumption ◽  
Alternative Solutions

The cement industry is highly energy-intensive, consuming approximately 7% of global industrial energy consumption each year. Improving production technology is a good strategy to reduce the energy needs of a cement plant. The market offers a wide variety of alternative solutions; besides, the literature already provides reviews of opportunities to improve energy efficiency in a cement plant. However, the technology is constantly developing, so the available alternatives may change within a few years. To keep the knowledge updated, investigating the current attractiveness of each solution is pivotal to analyze real companies. This article aims at describing the recent application in the Italian cement industry and the future perspectives of technologies. A sample of plant was investigated through the analysis of mandatory energy audit considering the type of interventions they have recently implemented, or they intend to implement. The outcome is a descriptive analysis, useful for companies willing to improve their sustainability. Results prove that solutions to reduce the energy consumption of auxiliary systems such as compressors, engines, and pumps are currently the most attractive opportunities. Moreover, the results prove that consulting sector experts enables the collection of updated ideas for improving technologies, thus giving valuable inputs to the scientific research.

Micron-Scale Diagnostics for Through-Plane Transport Phenomena in Porous Electrodes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine C. Hess ◽  
William K. Epting ◽  
Shawn Litster
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Oxidation ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Transport Phenomena ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
New Method ◽  
Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Microstructured Electrode ◽  
Accuracy And Repeatability

This paper presents the development of a new method for characterizing the electrochemistry and transport phenomena in the porous electrodes of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The new method uses a unique microstructured electrode scaffold (MES) that provide an architecture for obtaining measurements at discrete points through the thickness of an electrode. This paper reports on the design, fabrication and initial testing of an MES for measuring ionic potential across the thickness of a PEMFC’s cathode. The new fuel cell hardware and reference electrodes (REs), which gather electrolyte potential measurements through the thickness of the electrode via the MES, have been tested for accuracy and repeatability. The use of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) REs versus oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) REs is analyzed and discussed. Polarization data was also gathered and the REs are used to separate the half-cell potentials. Finally, the preliminary fabrication of an MES and a micro-structural analysis are discussed.

Green click synthesis of β-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazoles in water in the presence of a Cu(ii)–azide catalyst: a new function for Cu(ii)–azide complexes

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 2658-2667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Noshiranzadeh ◽  
Marzieh Emami ◽  
Rahman Bikas ◽  
Anna Kozakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
New Method ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Epoxide Ring Opening ◽  
Ring Opening Reactions ◽  
Click Synthesis

A new method for preparing 1,2,3-triazols via a [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction is introduced. The effect of reaction temperature on the epoxide ring opening reactions is also investigated.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL AND OCCUPATIONAL NOISE MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN CEMENT INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIJA HADŽI-NIKOLOVA ◽  
DEJAN MIRAKOVSKI ◽  
NIKOLINKA DONEVA ◽  
NATAŠA BAKRESKA
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Noise Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cement Plant ◽  
Cement Production ◽  
Cement Manufacturing

The main environmental issues associated with cement production are the consumption of raw materials, energy use and emissions in the air. Noise emissions occur throughout the whole cement manufacturing process - from preparing and processing raw materials, from the clinker burning and cement production process, from material storage as well as from the dispatch and shipping of the final products. The heavy machinery and large fans used in the cement manufacturing process can give rise to noise emissions. Cement Plants are required to comply with standards for reduction in line with national legislation, and to conduct measurements and perform noise surveys. Having this in mind, A TITAN Group Usje Cement Plant in Skopje, following their strong commitment to high environmental performance and Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development Policy in 2013-2014 have engaged an AMBICON Lab (Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences) from Stip, to conduct a Noise Control Study in order to identify noise sources within cement plant and marl quarry, determine their impacts on nearby residents and develop noise control/protection strategies. During the past three years, the Usje Cement plant has implemented most of the noise control measures proposed in this Study. Also, a follow-up study during 2016-2017 was conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of measures taken. This paper presents the outcomes of noise reduction measures taken. Keywords: noise, cement industry, process management, measures, environment

The New Method to Separate Stannum and Copper in the Process of Refining Tin

2020 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Da Chun Liu ◽  
Heng Xiong ◽  
Zhen Gen Zhou ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Human Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Method ◽  
Promising Technology ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Sulfiding Agent

As the ancient metal, Sn is widely used in all aspects of human life. Nowadays, S, as the vulcanizing agent, is used in the process of refining tin to separate Cu and Sn. However, there are few reports about the other agent of removing copper from stannum. In this study, SnS, a new sulfiding agent to separate Cu and Sn, was investigated. During the process, SnS replaces the combination of Sn and Cu. The variables considered in the experimental study were reaction temperature, time and the ratio of reactants. The experimental data indicated under certain conditions, the removal rate of Cu reach 94.3%. At last, we studied the vacuum reaction of Cu2S and Sn, results indicated that under appropriate conditions, the Cu is detected. The SnS is formed. And after the vacuum reaction, the SnS could be used recycling. This work presented a promising technology for separating Cu from tin.

β-Ni(OH)2 Nanospheres Synthesized via the Easy Hydrothermal Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 510 ◽  
pp. 575-578
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Fu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Nickel Nitrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

β-Ni (OH)2nanospheres have been successfully synthesized with nickel nitrate as nickel source and stronger ammonia water as precipitant by the hydrothermal method. The phase and the morphologies of the samples have been characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). XRD shows that the phase of the samples isβ-Ni (OH)2. SEM confirms that the increase of the reaction temperature is propitious to the synthesis ofβ-Ni (OH)2nanospheres, which are synthesized at at 180 °C for 48 h with pH=9 by the hydrothermal method.

A new method to synthesize sulfur-doped graphene as effective metal-free electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

2017 ◽  
Vol 407 ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunyang Zhai ◽  
Mingjuan Sun ◽  
Mingshan Zhu ◽  
Shaoqing Song ◽  
Shujuan Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
New Method ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Doped Graphene
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