scholarly journals Pre-Analytical Sampling and Storage Conditions of Amyloid-β Peptides in Venous and Capillary Blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-535
Author(s):  
Marlena Walter ◽  
Jens Wiltfang ◽  
Jonathan Vogelgsang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Aβ Peptides ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
And Storage

Previous studies on blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease suggest a less invasive blood test might be a valuable screening tool for Alzheimer-specific pathology. Pre-analytical sample storage conditions seem to play an important role on amyloid-β (Aβ) stability, impacting reliability and reproducibility. This study shows that Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ42/40 levels significantly and early decrease during storage at room temperature in whole blood or plasma. Storing blood samples at 4°C leads to stable Aβ peptide concentrations up to 72 h. In addition, Aβ peptides can be measured in capillary blood with a stable Aβ42/40 ratio up to 72 h at 4°C.

Pre-analytical sampling and storage conditions of Amyloid-β peptides in venous and capillary blood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena Walter ◽  
Jens Wiltfang ◽  
Jonathan Vogelgsang
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Capillary Blood ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Aβ Peptides ◽  
Standard Operating ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage

Abstract BACKGROUND: We analyzed the impact of pre-analytical storage and sampling conditions on plasma Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides.METHODS: Venous or capillary blood was collected and either stored as plasma or whole blood at room temperature or 4°C. Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 levels were measured using a chemiluminescence sandwich immunoassay.RESULTS: Aβ 40 , Aβ 42 and Aβ 42/40 levels significantly decreased during storage at room temperature in whole blood or plasma, starting at 6 hours after sampling. While Aβ 42 was most prone to the time of storage, Aβ 42/40 was stable up to 24 hours. Storing whole blood or plasma at 4°C led to stable Aβ peptide concentrations up to 72 hours. In addition, Aβ peptides could be measured in capillary blood. While Aβ 40 and Aβ 42 concentrations were slightly lower in capillary blood and started decreasing during storage conditions at 4°C, the Aβ 42/40 ratio remained constant up to 72 hours and was comparable to venous whole blood.CONCLUSION: These findings provide information that need to be respected in pre-analytical standard operating procedures for clinical and research practice to generate most reliable plasma Aβ measurements.

scholarly journals Systematic Analysis of Impact of Sampling Regions and Storage Methods on Fecal Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Profiles

mSphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Liang ◽  
Tianyu Dong ◽  
Minjian Chen ◽  
Lianping He ◽  
Tingzhang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Room Temperature Storage ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Temperature Storage

ABSTRACT The contribution of human gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and metabolites to host health has recently become much clearer. However, many confounding factors can influence the accuracy of gut microbiome and metabolome studies, resulting in inconsistencies in published results. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of fecal sampling regions and storage and retrieval conditions on gut microbiome and metabolite profiles from three healthy children. Our analysis indicated that compared to homogenized and snap-frozen samples (standard control [SC]), different sampling regions did not affect microbial community alpha diversity, while a total of 22 of 176 identified metabolites varied significantly across different sampling regions. In contrast, storage conditions significantly influenced the microbiome and metabolome. Short-term room temperature storage had a minimal effect on the microbiome and metabolome profiles. Sample storage in RNALater showed a significant level of variation in both microbiome and metabolome profiles, independent of the storage or retrieval conditions. The effect of RNALater on the metabolome was stronger than the effect on the microbiome, and individual variability between study participants outweighed the effect of RNALater on the microbiome. We conclude that homogenizing stool samples was critical for metabolomic analysis but not necessary for microbiome analysis. Short-term room temperature storage had a minimal effect on the microbiome and metabolome profiles and is recommended for short-term fecal sample storage. In addition, our study indicates that the use of RNALater as a storage medium of stool samples for microbial and metabolomic analyses is not recommended. IMPORTANCE The gastrointestinal microbiome and metabolome can provide a new angle to understand the development of health and disease. Stool samples are most frequently used for large-scale cohort studies. Standardized procedures for stool sample handling and storage can be a determining factor for performing microbiome or metabolome studies. In this study, we focused on the effects of stool sampling regions and stool sample storage conditions on variations in the gut microbiome composition and metabolome profile.

scholarly journals The effect of storage conditions on samples for the evaluation of copper status in blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi)

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Quan ◽  
M.S. Mulders ◽  
D.G.A. Meltzer
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Jersey Cows

Investigaltions to determine the effect of sample storage on the concentration of copper in liver tissue and on the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were undertaken in preparation for a study of blesbok (Damaliscus pygargus phillipsi) that were suspected to be suffering from copper deficiency. Two liver samples were collected from each of 20 culled blesbok in a manner that simulated the collection of biopsies from the live animal. These samples were stored either in 10 % formalin or frozen at -20 °C until analysed 4 1/2 months later. The effect of different methods of sample storage on superoxide dismutase activity was determined. Erythrocytes collected from 3 Jersey cows and 5 culled blesbok were washed and divided into 0.5m portions, stored at room temperature (~20 °C), in a refrigerator (4 °C), frozen at -20 °C in a freezer, and in liquid nitrogen (-200 °C). An analysis of superoxide dismutase activity was undertaken using a commercial assay kit at intervals of 2-4 days until the levels of activity had fallen significantly. The copper concentration in formalin-preserved liver samples was significantly lower than that measured in frozen liver tissue apparently as a result of leaching. The activity of superoxide dismutase in cattle blood was unchanged for 4 days at room temperature but fell appreciably after 2 days at 4 °C and -20 °C. Enzyme activity remained unchanged for 200 days in erythrocytes stored in liquid nitrogen. Superoxide dismutase activity levels in healthy blesbok were considerably lower than those measured in Jersey cows and remained unaffected for up to 6 days in samples stored at 4 °C and 20 °C. The level of activity fell significantly thereafter. Samples stored in liquid nitrogen were unchanged after 40 days.

Preservation and Storage Mechanisms for Raw Milk Samples for Use in Milk-Recording Schemes

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUMBERTO G. MONARDES ◽  
ROBERT K. MOORE ◽  
BRIAN CORRIGAN ◽  
YVON RIOUX
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
And Storage

This study, carried out by the Quebec Dairy Herd Analysis Service, compares (during summer conditions in Quebec) the performance of three types of preservatives for raw milk under four different systems of sample storage: no refrigeration, refrigeration at the laboratory only, refrigeration during transport and at the lab, and complete refrigeration from sampling at the farm to analysis. The objective was to determine the best preservative and storage conditions for protecting milk components during transportation and storage of raw milk samples collected at the farm and sent to a central testing lab for analysis. Milk samples were analyzed at day 3 and at day 7 after sampling to observe the effect of aging. A total of 12,480 samples were collected during the trial. The components studied were percentage of fat and protein and somatic cell count (SCC). In general, samples preserved with bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol and 2-bromo-2-nitropropanol) in liquid or in microtab tended to give higher readings for fat and protein contents than samples preserved with potassium dichromate. Significantly lower fat values were observed in 7-day-old samples compared to 3-day-old samples. Fat depression was more accentuated in nonrefrigerated samples. Under current methods of handling raw milk samples, refrigeration during the whole process of sampling, transportation, and until analysis, seems an ideal to attain to avoid significant reductions of fat values.

scholarly journals Effects of Storage Conditions on Postharvest Qualities in Garlic Bulbs (Allium sativum L.)

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 805C-805
Author(s):  
Sun-Tay Choi ◽  
Ro-Na Bae* ◽  
Dae-Sung Chung ◽  
Seung-Koo Lee
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Pyruvic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
And Storage

To investigate quality changes of garlic associated with cultivars and storage conditions, northern type `Seosan' and sub-tropical type `Daeseo' garlics were stored at controlled atmosphere (O2 3%, CO2 5%, -1 ± 1°C) condition, low temperature (-1 ± 1°C), and room temperature (20 ± 5°C). The rate of sprouting, weight loss, enzymatic pyruvic acid content, and degree of greening in crushed garlic were determined during storage. The rate of sprouting was higher in `Daeseo' than in `Seosan' garlic in all storage conditions. Sprouting was effectively suppressed in low temperature and controlled atmosphere storage. Weight loss in `Daeseo' garlic was higher than in `Seosan' garlic. Enzymatic pyruvic acid (EP) contents increased for 3 months storage period, and then decreased gradually as the storage period was prolonged at room or low temperatures. However, EP content decreased dramatically during storage under CA condition in both cultivars. When garlic bulbs were crushed, greening appeared in the garlic stored at low temperature for more than one month. However, greening did not occur in the crushed garlic bulbs stored in CA condition.

Effects of Flavorings, Storage Conditions, and Storage Time on Survival of Staphylococcus aureus in Sürk Cheese

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1487-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
TUĞRUL M. MASATCIOĞLU ◽  
YAHYA K. AVŞAR
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Over Time

The objectives of this study were to determine the cumulative effects of flavorings (chili pepper, thyme, mint, cumin, nutmeg, allspice, clove, cinnamon, black pepper, salt, and hot red pepper paste), storage conditions, and storage time on the survival of Staphylococcus aureus in Sürk cheese and to monitor the associated chemical changes. Sürk cheese, a traditional Turkish cheese, was produced by heating diluted nonfat yogurt and adding flavorings to the resultant acid-heat curd. The cheese was later inoculated with S. aureus, shaped conically, and stored aerobically for mold growth and anaerobically in olive oil for 30 days at room temperature. The moisture content of aerobically stored cheese decreased over time and led to increases in total solids, salt, salt-in-moisture, and ash content during ripening (P < 0.05). The presence or absence of the flavorings had no significant effect, whereas storage conditions and storage duration decreased the survival of S. aureus (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Effects of Processing and Storage Conditions on Amyloid β (1–42) and Tau Concentrations in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Implications for Use in Clinical Practice

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niki SM Schoonenboom ◽  
Cees Mulder ◽  
Hugo Vanderstichele ◽  
Evert-Jan Van Elk ◽  
Astrid Kok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Quantitative Result ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Thaw Cycle ◽  
Freeze Thaw Cycle ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
And Storage

Abstract Background: Reported concentrations of amyloid β (1–42) (Aβ42) and tau in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) differ among reports. We investigated the effects of storage temperature, repeated freeze/thaw cycles, and centrifugation on the concentrations of Aβ42 and tau in CSF. Methods: Stability of samples stored at −80 °C was determined by use of an accelerated stability testing protocol according to the Arrhenius equation. Aβ42 and tau concentrations were measured in CSF samples stored at 4, 18, 37, and −80 °C. Relative CSF concentrations (%) of the biomarkers after one freeze/thaw cycle were compared with those after two, three, four, five, and six freeze/thaw cycles. In addition, relative Aβ42 and tau concentrations in samples not centrifuged were compared with samples centrifuged after 1, 4, 48, and 72 h. Results: Aβ42 and tau concentrations were stable in CSF when stored for a long period at −80 °C. CSF Aβ42 decreased by 20% during the first 2 days at 4, 18, and 37 °C compared with −80 °C. CSF tau decreased after storage for 12 days at 37 °C. After three freeze/thaw cycles, CSF Aβ42 decreased 20%. CSF tau was stable during six freeze/thaw cycles. Centrifugation did not influence the biomarker concentrations. Conclusions: Repeated freeze/thaw cycles and storage at 4, 18, and 37 °C influence the quantitative result of the Aβ42 test. Preferably, samples should be stored at −80 °C immediately after collection.

scholarly journals Impact of Anticoagulation and Sample Processing on the Quantification of Human Blood-Derived microRNA Signatures

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Mussbacher ◽  
Teresa L. Krammer ◽  
Stefan Heber ◽  
Waltraud C. Schrottmaier ◽  
Stephan Zeibig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Edta Plasma ◽  
Thrombotic Diseases ◽  
And Storage

Blood-derived microRNA signatures have emerged as powerful biomarkers for predicting and diagnosing cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic disorders. Platelets and platelet-derived microvesicles are a major source of microRNAs. We have previously shown that the inappropriate anticoagulation and storage of blood samples causes substantial platelet activation that is associated with the release of platelet-stored molecules into the plasma. However, it is currently unclear if circulating microRNA levels are affected by artificial platelet activation due to suboptimal plasma preparation. To address this issue, we used a standardized RT-qPCR test for 12 microRNAs (thrombomiR®, TAmiRNA GmbH, Vienna, Austria) that have been associated with cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases and were detected in platelets and/other hematopoietic cells. Blood was prevented from coagulating with citrate–theophylline–adenosine–dipyridamole (CTAD), sodium citrate, or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and stored for different time periods either at room temperature or at 4 °C prior to plasma preparation and the subsequent quantification of microRNAs. We found that five microRNAs (miR-191-5p, miR-320a, miR-21-5p, miR-23a-3p, and miR-451a) were significantly increased in the EDTA plasma. Moreover, we observed a time-dependent increase in plasma microRNAs that was most pronounced in the EDTA blood stored at room temperature for 24 h. Furthermore, significant correlations between microRNA levels and plasma concentrations of platelet-stored molecules pointed towards in vitro platelet activation. Therefore, we strongly recommend to (i) use CTAD as an anticoagulant, (ii) process blood samples as quickly as possible, and (iii) store blood samples at 4 °C whenever immediate plasma preparation is not feasible to generate reliable data on blood-derived microRNA signatures.

scholarly journals Influence of Storage Conditions on SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection in Throat Swabs

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
Zhendong Guo ◽  
Zhongyi Wang ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Testing ◽  
Threshold Values ◽  
Sample Storage ◽  
Cycle Threshold ◽  
And Storage

Abstract The detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the premise of quarantine. In many countries or areas, samples need to be shipped or inactivated before SARS-CoV-2 testing. In this study, we checked the influence of sample storage conditions on SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing results, including sample inactivation time, storage temperature, and storage time. All of these conditions caused an increase in the cycle threshold values of the nucleic acid tests and led to the misclassification of at least 10.2% of positive cases as negative or suspected. The results highlight the importance of immediate testing of samples for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection.

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