Kinematic contribution and synchronization of the trunk, hip, and knee during free-dynamic lifting

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Kermit G. Davis ◽  
Riley E. Splittstoesser ◽  
William S. Marras
Keyword(s):  
Whole Body ◽  
Knee Height ◽  
Squat Lifting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Free Dynamic ◽  
Body Lifting ◽  
And Task ◽  
Kinematic Contribution ◽  
Stoop Lifting

Although there have been numerous studies evaluating the difference between stooped and squat lifting styles, there remains a lack of understanding of whole body kinematics during unrestricted lifting. The current study evaluated nine males and nine females while lifting two box weights (9.1 kg, 18.2 kg) from five origins below the waist (0, 19, 38, 57, and 76 cm above the floor) and from three task asymmetries (sagittally symmetric, 45° clockwise, 45° counter-clockwise). While the lifting style was significantly influenced by the height of lift origin and to a lesser extent gender, box weight, and task asymmetry, none of the conditions resulted in pure squat or stoop lifting style. However, for lifts above knee height, the lifting style resembled more of a stoop lift while lifts originating below knee height were more of a squat lift. As the origin moved closer to the floor, participants relied more on their hips to accomplish the sagittal flexion but overall adopted a more coordinated whole-body lifting style. All together, as more sagittal flexion is required, more joints are relied upon in a more coordinated effort. The current study indicates that caution needs to be exercised when applying results of pure squat or pure stoop lifting studies to free-style (realistic) lifting.

scholarly journals From Stoop to Squat: A Comprehensive Analysis of Lumbar Loading Among Different Lifting Styles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael von Arx ◽  
Melanie Liechti ◽  
Lukas Connolly ◽  
Christian Bangerter ◽  
Michael L. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Motion Capture ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Lumbar Lordosis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Shear Loads ◽  
Squat Lifting ◽  
Stoop Lifting

Lifting up objects from the floor has been identified as a risk factor for low back pain, whereby a flexed spine during lifting is often associated with producing higher loads in the lumbar spine. Even though recent biomechanical studies challenge these assumptions, conclusive evidence is still lacking. This study therefore aimed at comparing lumbar loads among different lifting styles using a comprehensive state-of-the-art motion capture-driven musculoskeletal modeling approach. Thirty healthy pain-free individuals were enrolled in this study and asked to repetitively lift a 15 kg-box by applying 1) a freestyle, 2) a squat and 3) a stoop lifting technique. Whole-body kinematics were recorded using a 16-camera optical motion capture system and used to drive a full-body musculoskeletal model including a detailed thoracolumbar spine. Continuous as well as peak compressive, anterior-posterior shear and total loads (resultant load vector of the compressive and shear load vectors) were calculated based on a static optimization approach and expressed as factor body weight (BW). In addition, lumbar lordosis angles and total lifting time were calculated. All parameters were compared among the lifting styles using a repeated measures design. For each lifting style, loads increased towards the caudal end of the lumbar spine. For all lumbar segments, stoop lifting showed significantly lower compressive and total loads (−0.3 to −1.0BW) when compared to freestyle and squat lifting. Stoop lifting produced higher shear loads (+0.1 to +0.8BW) in the segments T12/L1 to L4/L5, but lower loads in L5/S1 (−0.2 to −0.4BW). Peak compressive and total loads during squat lifting occurred approximately 30% earlier in the lifting cycle compared to stoop lifting. Stoop lifting showed larger lumbar lordosis range of motion (35.9 ± 10.1°) than freestyle (24.2 ± 7.3°) and squat (25.1 ± 8.2°) lifting. Lifting time differed significantly with freestyle being executed the fastest (4.6 ± 0.7 s), followed by squat (4.9 ± 0.7 s) and stoop (5.9 ± 1.1 s). Stoop lifting produced lower total and compressive lumbar loads than squat lifting. Shear loads were generally higher during stoop lifting, except for the L5/S1 segment, where anterior shear loads were higher during squat lifting. Lifting time was identified as another important factor, considering that slower speeds seem to result in lower loads.

Rate of loss of radioiron from mouse and man

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Bonnet ◽  
Alan L. Orvis ◽  
Albert B. Hagedorn ◽  
Charles A. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Rapid Loss ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Steady Rate ◽  
Normal Man ◽  
The Difference

Forty-two male and female mice, 8 weeks old, were given radioiron (Fe59) in doses of 0.006–0.1 µc, containing 0.013–0.17 µg of iron, by intraperitoneal or intravenous routes. Assays of the radioactivity of the whole body revealed an initial rapid loss of Fe59 (15–20%) lasting about 6 days. Thereafter the Fe59 left the mice at a steady rate of 0.39%/day (half-life 180 days). One 34-year-old normal man was given 10.6 µc of Fe59, containing 8.2 µg of iron, intravenously. Based on counts from the entire body, the biologic rate of loss of the Fe59 was about 0.14%/day (half-life 500 days), and there was little or no initial loss such as occurred in the mouse. The Fe59 in the circulating erythrocytes was essentially unchanged for the first 3 months. It then fell to a new level of about 90% of the previous one; the mid-point of the fall was about 120 days after the administration of the radioiron. The difference in the rates of loss of radioiron from mice and man seems to be related primarily to the life span of the circulating red cells.

scholarly journals HUMAN BODY’S HEALTH FUNCTION IMPROVEMENT BY VARIOUS WHOLE-BODY SPORTS EXERCISES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-273
Author(s):  
Ji Hu ◽  
Jicheng Yang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Group Health ◽  
Traditional Health ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Health Function

ABSTRACT Introduction Studies have shown that physical exercise is beneficial to people’s overall physical and mental health, but few research reports on the effects of different physical exercises on people’s human health. Object The paper explores the difference in human health function between people who adhere to traditional health sports and those who rarely exercise and provide a scientific basis for applying and promoting traditional health sports in TCM “prevention of disease”. Methods The paper surveyed 526 people who regularly participate in physical exercises and rarely exercise. The exercise items are divided into Tai Chi/Tai Chi sword group, Health Qigong Baduanjin group, Health Qigong Wuqinxi group, and Health Qigong Yijin group. Warp group, walking/jogging group. Results There are differences in the mental indicators of the people in different exercise groups. The overall average percentage levels of and NK cells in each exercise group and the tiny exercise group are different, and the difference is statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Persisting in physical exercise is beneficial to the balance of health and function of the population. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

scholarly journals Hematopoietic Recovery after Transplantation CD117+B220- (lacZ+) Bone Marrow Cells in Lethally Irradiated Mice

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Hodek ◽  
Jiřina Vávrová ◽  
Zuzana Šinkorová ◽  
Jaroslav Mokrý ◽  
Stanislav Filip
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lacz Gene ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Marrow Cells

Experiments presented here were aimed at the description of hematopoiesis repair and in vivo homing of transplanted separated CD117+B220–bone marrow cells after whole-body lethal irradiation at LD 9Gy. ROSA 26 mice were used as donors of marrow cells for transplantation [B6;129S/Gt (ROSA)26Sor] and were tagged with lacZ gene, and F2 hybrid mice [B6129SF2/J] were used as recipients of bone marrow transplanted cells. Hematopoiesis repair was provided by transplantation, both suspension of whole bone marrow cells (5x106) and isolated CD117+B220–cells (5x104). Mice survived up to thirty days after irradiation. We demonstrated that transplantation of suspension of whole bone marrow cells led to faster recovery of CFU-GM (Granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units) in bone marrow and in the spleen too. It is not clear what the share of residential and transplanted cells is in the repair process. Our results demonstrate that sufficient hematopoietic repair occurs after transplantation of CD117+B220–(lacZ+) in lethally irradiated mice, and the difference in CFU-GM numbers in the bone marrow and spleen found on day 8 posttransplant has no influence on the survival of lethally irradiated mice (30 days follow-up).

scholarly journals Effects of isoenergetic overfeeding of either carbohydrate or fat in young men

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Lammert ◽  
Niels Grunnet ◽  
Peter Faber ◽  
Kirsten Schroll Bjørnsbo ◽  
John Dich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Mass Isotopomer Distribution Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Mass Increase

Ten pairs of normal men were overfed by 5 MJ/d for 21 d with either a carbohydrate-rich or a fat-rich diet (C- and F-group). The two subjects in each pair were requested to follow each other throughout the day to ensure similar physical activity and were otherwise allowed to maintain normal daily life. The increase in body weight, fat free mass and fat mass showed great variation, the mean increases being 1·5 kg, 0·6 kg and 0·9 kg respectively. No significant differences between the C- and F-group were observed. Heat production during sleep did not change during overfeeding. The RQ during sleep was 0·86 and 0·78 in the C- and F-group respectively. The accumulated faecal loss of energy, DM, carbohydrate and protein was significantly higher in the C- compared with the F-group (30, 44, 69 and 51 % higher respectively), whereas the fat loss was the same in the two groups. N balance was not different between the C- and F-group and was positive. Fractional contribution from hepatic de novo lipogenesis, as measured by mass isotopomer distribution analysis after administration of [1-13C]acetate, was 0·20 and 0·03 in the C-group and the F-group respectively. Absolute hepatic de novo lipogenesis in the C-group was on average 211 g per 21 d. Whole-body de novo lipogenesis, as obtained by the difference between fat mass increase and dietary fat available for storage, was positive in six of the ten subjects in the C-group (mean 332 (SEM 191) g per 21 d). The change in plasma leptin concentration was positively correlated with the change in fat mass. Thus, fat storage during overfeeding of isoenergetic amounts of diets rich in carbohydrate or in fat was not significantly different, and carbohydrates seemed to be converted to fat by both hepatic and extrahepatic lipogenesis.

scholarly journals Japanese radio calisthenics prevents the reduction of skeletal muscle mass volume in people with type 2 diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e001027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomonori Kimura ◽  
Takuro Okamura ◽  
Keiko Iwai ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Takafumi Senmaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Therapeutic Exercises ◽  
The Difference

ObjectiveReduction of muscle mass and strength is an important treatment target for patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have reported that high-intensity resistance training improves physical function; however, all patients found it difficult to perform high-intensity resistance training. Radio calisthenics, considered as therapeutic exercises to promote health in Japan, are simple exercises that can be performed regardless of age and help move the muscles and joints of the whole body effectively according to the rhythm of radio. We investigated the efficacy of radio calisthenics for muscle mass in patients with type 2 diabetes in this retrospective cohort study.Research design and methodsA total of 42 hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited. The skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, kg/m2) was calculated as appendicular muscle mass (kg) divided by height squared (m2). We defined the change of SMI as the difference of SMI between the beginning and end of hospitalization.ResultsAmong 42 patients, 15 (11 men and 4 women) performed radio calisthenics. Body weights of both radio calisthenics exercisers and non-exercisers decreased during hospitalization. The change of SMI was significantly lesser in radio calisthenics exercisers than in non-exercisers (7.1±1.4 to 7.1±1.3, –0.01±0.09 vs 6.8±1.1 to 6.5±1.2, –0.27±0.06 kg/m2, p=0.016). The proportion of decreased SMI was 85.2% (23/27 patients) in non-radio calisthenics exercisers, whereas that in radio calisthenics exercisers was 46.7% (7/15 patients).ConclusionsRadio calisthenics prevent the reduction of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, radio calisthenics can be considered effective for patients with type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Real-Time Whole-Body Imitation by Humanoid Robots and Task-Oriented Teleoperation Using an Analytical Mapping Method and Quantitative Evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Yaru Niu ◽  
Ziyi Yan ◽  
Shuyang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Humanoid Robots ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mode Switching ◽  
Natural Mode ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Virtual Joints ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
And Task

Due to the limitations on the capabilities of current robots regarding task learning and performance, imitation is an efficient social learning approach that endows a robot with the ability to transmit and reproduce human postures, actions, behaviors, etc., as a human does. Stable whole-body imitation and task-oriented teleoperation via imitation are challenging issues. In this paper, a novel comprehensive and unrestricted real-time whole-body imitation system for humanoid robots is designed and developed. To map human motions to a robot, an analytical method called geometrical analysis based on link vectors and virtual joints (GA-LVVJ) is proposed. In addition, a real-time locomotion method is employed to realize a natural mode of operation. To achieve safe mode switching, a filter strategy is proposed. Then, two quantitative vector-set-based methods of similarity evaluation focusing on the whole body and local links, called the Whole-Body-Focused (WBF) method and the Local-Link-Focused (LLF) method, respectively, are proposed and compared. Two experiments conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods and system are reported. Specifically, the first experiment validates the good stability and similarity features of our system, and the second experiment verifies the effectiveness with which complicated tasks can be executed. At last, an imitation learning mechanism in which the joint angles of demonstrators are mapped by GA-LVVJ is presented and developed to extend the proposed system.

Effect of heating rate on evaporative heat loss in the microwave-exposed mouse

1982 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Heat Absorption ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Body Heat

Male CBA/J mice were administered heat loads of 0–28 J X g-1 at specific absorption rates (SARs) of either 47 or 93 W X kg-1 by exposure to 2,450-MHz microwave radiation at an ambient temperature of 30 degrees C while evaporative heat loss (EHL) was continuously monitored with dew-point hygrometry. At an SAR of 47 W X kg-1 a threshold heat load of 10.5 J X g-1 had to be exceeded before EHL increased. An approximate doubling of SAR to 93 W X kg-1 reduced the threshold to 5.2 J X g-1. Above threshold the slopes of the regression lines were 1.15 and 0.929 for the low- and high-SAR groups, respectively. Thus the difference in threshold and not slope attributes to the significant increase in EHL when mice are exposed at a high SAR (P less than 0.02). In separate experiments a SAR of 47 W X kg-1 raised the deep body temperature of anesthetized mice at a rate of 0.026 degrees C X s-1, whereas 93 W X kg-1 raised temperature at 0.049 degrees C X s-1. Hence the sensitivity of the EHL mode of heat dissipation is directly proportional to the rate of heat absorption and to the rate of rise in body temperature. These data contradict the notion that mammals have control over whole-body heat exchange only (i.e., thermoregulation) but instead indicate that the EHL system is highly responsive to the rate of heat absorption (i.e., temperature regulation).

scholarly journals Interlimb differences in parameters of aerobic function and local profiles of deoxygenation during double-leg and counterweighted single-leg cycling

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (6) ◽  
pp. R840-R851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Iannetta ◽  
Louis Passfield ◽  
Ahmad Qahtani ◽  
Martin J. MacInnis ◽  
Juan M. Murias
Keyword(s):  
Constant Load ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Muscle Deoxygenation ◽  
Aerobic Function ◽  
Leg Cycling ◽  
Ramp Exercise ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Leg Dominance

It is typically assumed that in the context of double-leg cycling, dominant (DOMLEG) and nondominant legs (NDOMLEG) have similar aerobic capacity and both contribute equally to the whole body physiological responses. However, there is a paucity of studies that have systematically investigated maximal and submaximal aerobic performance and characterized the profiles of local muscle deoxygenation in relation to leg dominance. Using counterweighted single-leg cycling, this study explored whether peak O2 consumption (V̇o2peak), maximal lactate steady-state (MLSSp), and profiles of local deoxygenation [HHb] would be different in the DOMLEG compared with the NDOMLEG. Twelve participants performed a series of double-leg and counterweighted single-leg DOMLEG and NDOMLEG ramp-exercise tests and 30-min constant-load trials. V̇o2peak was greater in the DOMLEG than in the NDOMLEG (2.87 ± 0.42 vs. 2.70 ± 0.39 L/min, P < 0.05). The difference in V̇o2peak persisted even after accounting for lean mass ( P < 0.05). Similarly, MLSSp was greater in the DOMLEG than in the NDOMLEG (118 ± 31 vs. 109 ± 31 W; P < 0.05). Furthermore, the amplitude of the [HHb] signal during ramp exercise was larger in the DOMLEG than in the NDOMLEG during both double-leg (26.0 ± 8.4 vs. 20.2 ± 8.8 µM, P < 0.05) and counterweighted single-leg cycling (18.5 ± 7.9 vs. 14.9 ± 7.5 µM, P < 0.05). Additionally, the amplitudes of the [HHb] signal were highly to moderately correlated with the mode-specific V̇o2peak values (ranging from 0.91 to 0.54). These findings showed in a group of young men that maximal and submaximal aerobic capacities were greater in the DOMLEG than in the NDOMLEG and that superior peripheral adaptations of the DOMLEG may underpin these differences.

Recall of “Right” and “Wrong” Responses as a Function of Instructions for Intentional Learning and Task Familiarization

1976 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Géry D'ydewalle
Keyword(s):  
Law School ◽  
Intentional Learning ◽  
First Year ◽  
Real Word ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Correct Translation ◽  
And Task

Subjects (100 first-year students of both sexes from the Law School at Leuven, Belgium) selected one of several nonsense words as a “translation” of a real word and were told whether their choice was “right” or “wrong.” Subjects who expected to have the whole series of items a number of times until the correct translation for each word was completely learned (multiple-trial condition) recalled more “right” responses than subjects who expected a single second trial (two-trial condition). A preliminary exposure to a similar but shorter task had a different influence according to the two conditions: there was a decrease in recall of response in the multiple-trial condition but an increase in the two-trial condition. The data suggest that conflicting conclusions about the difference in recall between “right” and “wrong” responses are related to differences in the instructions for intentional learning.

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