Vertical skew due to changes in gravitoinertial force: A possible consequence of otolith asymmetry

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Karmali ◽  
Stefano Ramat ◽  
Mark Shelhamer
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Space Shuttle ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Parabolic Flight ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Otolith Organs ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Gravitoinertial Force ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

During the alternating enhanced and reduced "gravity" levels of parabolic flight, subjects noted that a horizontally eccentric point target viewed binocularly in darkness seemed to split into two targets with vertical divergence. The amount of perceived divergence seemed to depend on instantaneous g level. This perceptual observation suggested a vertical misalignment of the eyes (vertical skew), dependent on the magnitude of g level sensed by the otoliths. While performing a different experiment during parabolic flight we recorded binocular eye position and analyzed these data to corroborate the behavioral observations. Records were obtained from seven trials in five subjects, containing eye alignment in both 0 g and 1.8 g. The recordings confirm the presence of vertical skew that changed with g level. "Skew-differential" was quantified for each trial as the difference in vertical skew from 0 g to 1.8 g. Mean skew-differential was 1.37°; the largest was 2.57°. Statistical significance was assessed using the student t-test and the more correct and stringent Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). The observed skew is equivalent to a mild strabismus, which is known to result in diplopia. The underlying mechanism may be an asymmetry between the otolith organs on either side, which is centrally compensated in 1 g, but is inappropriately compensated in other gravitational fields. If equivalent amounts of vertical skew were to occur during changes in g level during dynamic phases of flight in high-performance aircraft or space shuttle reentry, the impact on visual fixation might be detrimental to piloting performance.

scholarly journals Family Climate Patterns and Its Relationship with Self-Concept among Students at the University of Islamic Sciences in light of the Variables of Gender and Age

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Fatima Mohammad Rashed Al Talahin ◽  
Hana Khaled Al –Raqqad ◽  
Eman Saeed Al- Bourini ◽  
Bilal Adel Al-Kateeb
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Family Climate ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Climate Patterns ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study is to clarify the relationship between self-concept and patterns of family climate among students at the University of Islamic Sciences, and also aimed to investigate the effect of gender and age on this relationship.The sample of the study consisted of a group of students were selected randomly, totaling (139) students; (58) male and (81) female students.Two questionnaires were distributed on 139 students. The first questionnaire was on the impact of patterns of family climate on self-concept and the second one about self-concept. Then the researcher analyzed the results of each item in the questionnaire using appropriated statistical methods, calculated the correlation between self-concept and patterns of family climate using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and G-test to find the difference between correlation coefficients.The results showed a positive statistical significance relationship between family climate patterns on one hand and between self-concept in all its dimensions on the other hand.

Utility of Rapid On-Site Cytologic Evaluation during Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Transbronchial Needle Aspiration in Malignant and Nonmalignant Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 380-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Gianella ◽  
Paola M. Soccal ◽  
Jérôme Plojoux ◽  
Isabelle Frésard ◽  
Jean-Claude Pache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Multivariate Model ◽  
Endobronchial Ultrasound ◽  
Moderate Increase ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Transbronchial Needle Aspiration ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is an accurate procedure to sample mediastinal tissue. Rapid on-site cytologic evaluation (ROSE) has been advocated to improve the performance of this procedure, but its benefit remains controversial. Our objective is to assess the utility of ROSE for EBUS-TBNA diagnostic accuracy among unselected patients. Methods: We prospectively collected data from all consecutive EBUS-TBNA procedures performed between 2008 and 2014. ROSE was introduced since 2011 in our daily practice. The accuracy of EBUS-TBNA with and without ROSE was compared in a univariate and multivariate model accounting for confounding factors. The impact of ROSE was then analyzed according to the etiology and size of the lesions. Results: Among 348 EBUS-TBNA procedures analyzed, 213 were performed with ROSE. The overall accuracy tended to be better with ROSE than without (90.6 vs. 84.4%; p = 0.082). After adjustment in a multivariate model, the benefit of ROSE still did not reach statistical significance (adjusted odds ratio 1.86; 95% confidence interval 0.79–4.41). Similar results were obtained in subgroups of patients with malignant disease or sarcoidosis. The size of the lesion did not influence the impact of ROSE on accuracy. Conclusions: ROSE was associated with a moderate increase in the accuracy of EBUS-TBNA, but the difference was not statistically significant. The same effect of ROSE was observed in malignant and nonmalignant lesions and this effect was not influenced by the lesion’s size.

scholarly journals Empirical Study of Omnichannel Purchasing Pattern with Real Customer Data from Health and Lifestyle Company

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongsoo Kang ◽  
Marko Majer ◽  
Hyun-Jung Kim
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Usage Pattern ◽  
Customer Data ◽  
Customer Group ◽  
Trading Period ◽  
Online Channel ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Offline Channels

This study examines the effect of omnichannel usage pattern on customers’ purchasing amount by determining statistical significance of different purchasing amount occurred for online and offline channel usage pattern with empirical analysis. The data is collected from a health and lifestyle company operated by Major Pharmaceutical company in Korea, which sells health supplement and skincare products through their owned online and offline channels. The channel usage pattern of customers is categorized into four groups: Customer using online channel only, customer using offline channel only, customer first joined membership through online and use both on/offline channels and customers joined membership through offline channel and use both on/offline. Then, the trading period, total number of purchasing, average purchasing amount per transaction and total purchasing amount during trading period among the above four groups were analyzed. The result demonstrated the number of purchasing, average purchasing amount and total purchasing amount for the omnichannel customer groups who cross used on and offline showed statistical significance. However, the difference in purchasing amount between the group of customers who joined online membership and use offline channel and another customer group that joined offline membership and use online channel was not statistically significant. This study overcame the limitation of conventional studies used survey based data, by the application of empirical data from the real customers in on/offline channels, and provides meaningful insights based on empirical real data that group of customers with higher purchasing experience in both on/offline channels shows high performance.

scholarly journals Toxicity Reduction of Euphorbia kansui Stir-Fried with Vinegar Based on Conversion of 3-O-(2′E,4′Z-Decadi-enoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhang ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Shi-Kang Zhou ◽  
Kan Wang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Mechanisms Of Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Reduction ◽  
Euphorbia Kansui ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The dried roots of Euphorbia kansui S.L.Liou ex S.B.Ho have long been used to treat edema in China. However, the severe toxicity caused by Euphorbia kansui (EK) has seriously restricted its clinical application. Although EK was processed with vinegar to reduce its toxicity, the detailed mechanisms of attenuation in toxicity of EK stir-fried with vinegar (VEK) have not been well delineated. Diterpenoids are the main toxic ingredients of EK, and changes in these after processing may be the underlying mechanism of toxicity attenuation of VEK. 3-O-(2′E,4′Z-decadienoyl)-20-O-acetylingenol (3-O-EZ) is one of the diterpenoids derived from EK, and the content of 3-O-EZ was significantly reduced after processing. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of toxicity reduction of VEK based on the change of 3-O-EZ after processing with vinegar. Based on the chemical structure of 3-O-EZ and the method of processing with vinegar, simulation experiments were carried out to confirm the presence of the product both in EK and VEK and to enrich the product. Then, the difference of peak area of 3-O-EZ and its hydrolysate in EK and VEK were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Furthermore, the toxicity effect of 3-O-EZ and its hydrolysate, as well as the underlying mechanism, on zebrafish embryos were investigated. The findings showed that the diterpenoids (3-O-EZ) in EK can convert into less toxic ingenol in VEK after processing with vinegar; meanwhile, the content of ingenol in VEK was higher than that of EK. More interestingly, the ingenol exhibited less toxicity (acute toxicity, developmental toxicity and organic toxicity) than that of 3-O-EZ, and 3-O-EZ could increase malondialdehyde (MDA) content and reduce glutathione (GSH) content; cause embryo oxidative damage by inhibition of the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; and induce inflammation and apoptosis by elevation of IL-2 and IL-8 contents and activation of the caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity. Thus, this study contributes to our understanding of the mechanism of attenuation in toxicity of VEK, and provides the possibility of safe and rational use of EK in clinics.

Impact of vertical sequence on consumers' choice between hedonic and utilitarian products

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqiong Tong ◽  
Song Su
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Product Evaluations ◽  
Display Sequence ◽  
Control Behavior ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hedonic And Utilitarian Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Product Preference

Given that display patterns greatly impact consumers' product evaluations and choices, we investigated how vertical sequence influences consumers' self-control behavior regarding choosing between hedonic and utilitarian products. We first conducted a pretest to examine whether or not vertical display sequence influenced product preference when the products presented belonged to the same category. In Study 1, we then tested the basic effect of vertical sequence on the choice between hedonic and utilitarian products. Finally, we conducted Study 2 to examine the underlying mechanism of the impact of vertical sequencing on the choice between hedonic and utilitarian products. Results showed that when hedonic and utilitarian products were jointly presented and when the hedonic (vs. utilitarian) product was placed at the top (vs. bottom), consumers were more likely to realize the difference in experiential benefits between the hedonic and utilitarian products and, thus, were more likely to choose the hedonic (vs. utilitarian) product.

scholarly journals Impact of daily high dose oral vitamin D therapy on the inflammatory markers in patients with COVID 19 disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maheshwar Lakkireddy ◽  
Srikanth Goud Gadiga ◽  
R. D. Malathi ◽  
Madhu Latha Karra ◽  
I. S. S. V. Prasad Murthy Raju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hypovitaminosis D ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Dose Oral ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractCOVID 19 is known to cause immune dysregulation and vitamin D is a known immunomodulator. This study aims to objectively investigate the impact of Pulse D therapy in reducing the inflammatory markers of COVID-19. Consented COVID-19 patients with hypovitaminosis D were evaluated for inflammatory markers (N/L ratio, CRP, LDH, IL6, Ferritin) along with vitamin D on 0th day and 9th/11th day as per their respective BMI category. Subjects were randomised into VD and NVD groups. VD group received Pulse D therapy (targeted daily supplementation of 60,000 IUs of vitamin D for 8 or 10 days depending upon their BMI) in addition to the standard treatment. NVD group received standard treatment alone. Differences in the variables between the two groups were analysed for statistical significance. Eighty seven out of one hundred and thirty subjects have completed the study (VD:44, NVD:43). Vitamin D level has increased from 16 ± 6 ng/ml to 89 ± 32 ng/ml after Pulse D therapy in VD group and highly significant (p < 0.01) reduction of all the measured inflammatory markers was noted. Reduction of markers in NVD group was insignificant (p > 0.05). The difference in the reduction of markers between the groups (NVD vs VD) was highly significant (p < 0.01). Therapeutic improvement in vitamin D to 80–100 ng/ml has significantly reduced the inflammatory markers associated with COVID-19 without any side effects. Hence, adjunctive Pulse D therapy can be added safely to the existing treatment protocols of COVID-19 for improved outcomes.

scholarly journals Toxins and Mechanisms of Their Interaction in Fruit Wines

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1978-1981
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The purpose of the work was to ensure the environmental safety of fruit wines based on studying the content of secondary metabolites of mold fungi – mycotoxins – and their properties in them. The study objects included different varieties of apples that were damaged in a different way. The whole apples that were not damaged by pests and diseases were used as a reference group. To define the content of patulin and aflatoxins A and G, thin layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were used. In order to define the mass concentrations of amino acids, the method of liquid ion-exchange eluent chromatography was used. The analysis of wine materials produced from apples that had various types of damage has showed that they contained mycotoxins, namely, aflatoxins A and G and patulin. It has been determined that the degree of contamination of the apples surface with mold fungi depends on the type of the fruit damage. The content of toxins increases in the following sequence: mechanically damaged apples < pest damaged apples < apples damaged by diseases. All objects were characterized by a considerable content of patulin. An attempt has been made to define possible areas for the patulin synthesis with mold fungi. The impact of mold fungi on the composition of amino acids in fruit materials has been studied. The difference in the concentration of amino acids in low alcoholic and highly alcoholic environments has been revealed. It has been defined that the reason for obtaining fermented juices with a depleted amino acid composition is the use of the fruits damaged with rot. The increase in the content of certain amino acids in fermented alcoholized juices indicates the inhibitory effect of the alcoholic medium on the metabolic processes of mold fungi and a decrease in their enzymatic activity. The mechanism of the interaction between patulin and amino acids of fruit materials has been explained.

scholarly journals Moral Rights Laws and Income Disparity Between Artists in High and Low GDP States

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Avanesov ◽  
Robert Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
T Test ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Moral Rights ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The United States' laissez-faire approach to moral rights legislation has left many academics questioning the impact that these laws have on artists' welfare. In using artists' income as one component of measuring overall well-being, states with additional statewide moral rights legislation have been shown to contribute to more significant artist losses, in contrast to states with only federal legislation. At the same time, moral rights laws have been shown to have no impact on artists' choice of residency, leaving some artists possibly disadvantaged regarding their choice of residency. Utilizing a difference in differences framework, this paper explores the impact of moral rights legislation on artists' weekly incomes between moral rights states of varying outputs of GDP. Although results suggested that artists would lose approximately $0.18 per one billion dollar increase in GDP at the statewide level, after conducting an additional t-test, these findings were shown to have no statistical significance. Several limitations, most prominently a lack of data availability in the pre-law values required for the difference in differences framework, may have contributed to these findings. These indeterminate results leave the question of whether some artists remain economically disadvantaged as a result of moral rights legislation uncertain.  

MO662EFFECT OF ARTERIOVENOUS VASCULAR ACCESS ON BIOIMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Chun Wang ◽  
Fansan Zhu ◽  
Ohnmar Thwin ◽  
Priscila Preciado Rojas ◽  
Laura Rosales Merlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Fluid Status ◽  
Single Side ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and Aims Fluid management remains a major problem in hemodialysis (HD) patients, partly because of the lack of objective assessment methods. Many methods have been proposed to estimate the fluid status in HD patients and bioimpedance has established as one of the most popular clinical tools. Resistance to alternate current was found to be lower in the arteriovenous (AV) access-bearing side compared with the non-access side in post-HD bioimpedance measurements. We hypothesized this difference between access and non-access sides can be seen in both pre- and post-HD measurements of arms and whole body. The aim of the study was to investigate whether this variation between access and non-access sides could affect single-side whole body measurements. Method Pre- and post-HD bioimpedance measurements with two 8-point devices (InBody 770 and Seca mBCA 514) were performed in 11 HD patients with functioning AV access in the arm (8 male, pre-HD 75.4 ± 13.6 kg, post-HD 72.8 ± 13.5 kg). Values of resistance at 5 kHz (R5) in the arm and whole body (R5 of arm + trunk + leg on the same side) were extracted. Whole-body extracellular water (ECW) was calculated using whole-body R5 by the Xitron equation* to evaluate how measuring only one side of the body can affect the fluid volume calculation. Results The R5 of the arm on the access side was lower compared with the non-access side both pre- and post-HD (P &lt; 0.01), measured by InBody. The same was seen with the Seca but did not reach statistical significance (Table 1). The estimated whole-body ECW was higher on the access side for InBody (P &lt; 0.01). With Seca, the same trend was seen but remained non-significant. While the difference in ECW between both arms reported by InBody was small, the impact on calculated whole-body ECW was much larger with a difference between sides of 0.50 ± 0.82 L pre HD and 0.55 ± 0.81 L post HD. Conclusion InBody appears to pick up the difference in fluid status between the access and non-access side with greater precision than Seca. The large contribution of the arm to whole-body resistance amplifies the impact of the presence of an AV access on whole-body ECW estimations based on single-side wrist-to-ankle bioimpedance measurements. Eight-point bioimpedance devices (like the tested InBody and Seca) measure both sides of the body, so, choice of measurement side does not enter the picture.

Abstract P254: Health-Related Internet Use in Patients with Hypertension: A Population-Based Analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Finkelstein ◽  
Eunme Cha
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Sampling Weights ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
Health Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: With widely available web-based information about hypertension, internet has the potential to improve health literacy and to affect clinical outcomes. In this study we assessed the prevalence of health-related internet (HRI) usage by patients with hypertension and its association with health outcomes. Methods: Hypertension was defined by the question, “Have you ever been told by a doctor or health profession that you have high blood pressure?” Participants who answered “Yes” were included in the sample. If the participants stated that they accessed the Internet to look up health information, to learn about health topics in chat groups, to refill prescriptions, to schedule appointments, or to communicate with their provider, they were included in ‘HRI user’ group. Two logistic regression models were run to assess predictors of HRI usage and to explore the impact of HRI use on health status among hypertension patients. All models were controlled by age, gender, marital status, race, education, and poverty income ratio (PIR). Sampling weights were utilized to produce population-based results. Results: The prevalence of HRI use in hypertension patients was: 57% (40-55 yrs), 50% (56-65 yrs) and 26% (>65 yrs). In comparison, 58% (40-55 yrs), 56% (56-65 years) and 29% (>65 yrs) of population without hypertension used HRI. The difference between two groups was not statistically significant. Younger age (OR 4.0, p <.0001 for 40-55 group, and OR 2.6, p=0.001 for 50-65 group), women (OR 1.4, p <.0001), higher education (OR 3.8, p <.0001 for 12+ years of education), or higher PIR (OR 1.3, p=0.02 for PIR=2, and OR=3.1, p <.0001 for PIR>=3) were predictors of using HRI with statistical significance. Compared to Caucasians, Africans Americans (OR 0.5, p=0.04) were less likely to use the HRI. After adjusting for socio-demographic variables, patients who used HRI in the last 12 months were 1.3 time more likely to report improvement in health status (p=0.04). Conclusions: HRI usage between the hypertension patients and general population did not differ significantly in different age groups. Age, gender, education, PIR, and race were significant predictors of HRI usage pattern. HRI use was associated with improvement in health status within 12 months of using internet.

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