scholarly journals Alloying metals of Russia. Mineral raw materials resources: state, utilization, perspective of development (Report 2)

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 675-682
Author(s):  
V. S. Pikalova ◽  
L. P. Tigunov ◽  
L. Z. Bykhovskii
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
The State ◽  
Alumina Production ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Molybdenum Deposit ◽  
Boron Minerals ◽  
The World

A group of metals, including tantalum, rare earth metals, beryllium, titanium, zirconium, rhenium, scandium and boron has a big importance for alloying steel, aluminum and other non-ferrous metals as well as for production of different alloys. In Russia, the explored resources of tantalum by many times exceed the plants’ demands. Zashikhinskoe and Vishnyakovskoe deposits in Irkutskregion, as well as Katuginskoe in Chitaregion are most promising. The State balance accounts the resources of rare earth metals (REM) oxides by 20 deposits. Russiatakes the second place in the world after Chinaby REM resources. The balance resources of beryllium are accounted in 35 deposits, exceeding the world proved resources in the summarized categories A + B + C1+ C2. Russia takes the third place in the world after China and Australia by zirconium resources. The state balance accounts 36 deposits of titanium and 21 deposit of zirconium. Rhenium is the least provided by deposits and most demanded metal. The state balance of RF accounts resources of rhenium in seven deposits: three of them being copper-molybdenum deposits, two – copperporphyritic deposits, one – tungsten-molybdenum deposit and one – purely rhenium deposit. Resources of scandium as an associated component are accounted in eight deposits of Russia, half of the being within the allocated fund of bowels. However, man-caused formations – red sludge – wastes of alumina production – are most real source of scandium. Big resources of scandium are associated with the wastes of iron ore production at Kachkanar mining and concentration plant, which ate not accounted by the State balance. Resources of three deposits of boron ores are accounted in Russia, two of the being within the allocated fund of bowels – the Dal’negorskoe (Primorsky region) which utilized, and Taezhnoe (Sakha Republic – Yakutiya), which is being prepared for utilization. A wide distribution of boron minerals ascertained in magnetite ores, developed in Korshunovskoe (Irkutsk region) and Kazskoe (Kemerovo region) deposits.

scholarly journals Analysis of the use of rare earth metals in ferrous metallurgy of Russia and world

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-418
Author(s):  
A. I. Volkov ◽  
P. E. Stulov ◽  
L. I. Leont’ev ◽  
V. A. Uglov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
The World ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
Former Ussr

The analysis of the current state of production of rare earth metals (REM) in Russia and in the world was made. Information about REM production in different countries of the world and about new foreign projects for REM production and processing is provided. The article presents the balance of production, export and import of raw materials and products with REM, including scandium and yttrium, in Russia. The maximum volume of REM consumption in Russia was calculated taking into account imported products with REM. This data was compared with other countries, including the former USSR. Much attention is paid to the use of REM in metallurgy. Data on the influence of REM on the properties of cast iron and steel are presented. Information is given about the forms of REM used for their use in the Russian ferrous metallurgy. We have studied the structure of REM consumption in ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy. On the example of two enterprises (one of them specializes in mass production, and the second – on production of special steels), the structure of REM consumption for steel alloying was studied by type and scope of its application. The development peculiarities of REM consumption in Russian ferrous metallurgy were investigated. The volume of consumption was calculated; data on imports of raw materials with REM for metallurgy and the producers of ferroalloys with REM in Russia is given. We have analyzed the spectrum of steel products with REM. A comparison of the consumption of REM in the metallurgy of Russia and foreign countries is presented. The reasons for insufficient consumption of REM in the Russian metallurgy are considered, an assessment is given on the change in production volumes of certain types of steel and cast iron, and recommendations are made on the growth of REM consumption in metallurgy.

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE STRATEGY OF STATE ECONOMIC POLICY IN MODERN CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Iaroslav Petrunenko ◽  
Oleg Podtserkovnyi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Crisis Response ◽  
The State ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Foreign Economic Policy ◽  
The World

Complex and contradictory processes of modern social transformations and the need to overcome the crisis in the economy require the appropriate influence of the state and a clear system of socio-economic management through the formation and implementation of effective state economic policy. The main elements of economic policy are financial and credit, budgetary, scientific and technical, structural, social, investment, agricultural, regional, foreign economic policy. The implementation of state economic policy is considered in terms of the relationship between social problems and the state. Therefore, the purpose of the article is to study the essence, tools and methods of state economic policy in modern conditions. It is also necessary to identify the main risks and features of further development of state economic policy of individual states in a global imbalance and crisis. The theoretical part is devoted to the study of the essence of state economic policy, theoretical and practical aspects of its organization in the state, as well as tools that can be used by the state. The resulting part is devoted to the consideration of the situation, in which the world economy has found itself in 2020 in the conditions of the economic COVID-19 crisis. General forecasts have not provided to individual states because it has been impossible to predict the end of the pandemic and the return of the world to normal life. However, it is clear that the world economy has undergone irreversible processes that will synergistically affect different states in different ways. The crisis has hit a significant number of industries, including tourism, logistics, hotel business, the crisis has been felt in world markets: oil prices have collapsed, as well as the stock markets. Undoubtedly, there are areas with a rapid growth, especially the pharmaceutical industry and retail, online delivery services, IT entertainment and communications industry, information marketing business and education and training services. It is likely that the indicators of economic development in the states by the end of the year will be better than the results of the first half of the year. The basic forecast of economic world development assumes a sharp growth of the economy after a short recession after quarantine. The financial capabilities of the EU states vary considerably, but each state must pursue counter-cyclical policies aimed at stabilizing its own economy. The answer to the question of what kind of crisis response policy they can afford depends on the fiscal policy of the states before the crisis. In economically developed states, where emergency measures have been introduced, governments and central banks issue trillions of dollars in government spending, social support of citizens, and interest-free business loans to limit the economic damage of quarantine. At the same time, in Latin America and Southeast Asia, total quarantine is impossible in multi-million cities. Such states have a triple effect of suffering from the virus, the environment and poverty. States dependent on the export of natural resources and raw materials, when faced with the crisis, are forced to sell them for nothing, so they will suffer great losses. More than 150 states have set up anti-crisis headquarters and are taking anti-crisis measures. The authors have also tried to predict how largescale the global economic crisis will be for Ukraine, what consequences await it, and what measures need to be taken to overcome it.

Marine Authigenic Deposits Mineral - New Fields for the Development of Rare Earth Resources

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1748-1751
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Chang Shui Liu ◽  
Lian Feng Gao ◽  
Zhen Guo Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Growth History ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
The World ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Rare Earth Mineral

Rare earth metals are an important strategic resource. Due to scarce reserves, and large consumer demand, it is facing the crisis of resource depletion. Marine are the largest deposits sites in the world. In the long growth history, marine autogenic sedimentary mineral, such as polymetallic nodules, crusts with large quantities, not only contain the enrichment of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and other valuable metals, but also contain extremely rare earth elements (REE) in the crust. Thus, in the process of developing marine mineral resources, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and other metals are used, while it is possible for the development and utilization of the associated rare earth mineral. Marine may become a new field of rare earth resources development.

Experience in organizing disinfection measures in the context of the 2020 pandemic of coronavirus infection

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Elena Efimovna Kudryavtseva ◽  
◽  
Leonid Semenovich Mankovich ◽  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Ostapenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
The State ◽  
Quality Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Scarcity Of Resources

Ensuring biosafety in the territory of the country is one of the key functions (tasks) of the state. The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection has affected absolutely all areas of human activity in all countries of the world. Approaches to prevention have not changed, but the whole country has faced a number of challenges at various levels. With a sharply increased demand for non-specific prophylaxis (including skin antiseptics and disinfectants), not all manufacturers were ready to meet the demand with a quality product. The scarcity of resources (raw materials, components, cash shortages, personnel, etc.) constrained the rapid increase in production capacity to ensure a sharply increased demand. Keywords: pandemic COVID-19, disinfectants, skin antiseptics.

scholarly journals Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan after the peak of the pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 03024
Author(s):  
Bakhodir Sultanov ◽  
Lochinbek Amirov ◽  
Mavluda Askarova ◽  
Barna Rakhmankulova ◽  
Maftuna Tosheva
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
The State ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
To Come

When studying the topic, the author analyzes the implementation of reforms and their impact on the development of the agricultural sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Special attention is paid to the pandemic crisis that has affected all spheres of the economy and the life of the population. The importance of the actions taken by the state in relation to the improvement of the agricultural sector, not only through the production of agricultural raw materials, but also in other ways, is revealed. One of these ways is the production of products that can compete on the world market, the production of semi-finished products, and others. Methods of analysis, synthesis, grouping, observation, and deduction were used in the study of the material. Using these methods, the authors were able to come to a better conclusion, and make suitable conclusions and suggestions. In conclusion, the ways to improve the efficiency of agricultural production, through the introduction of resource-saving technologies, innovative technologies, and especially the removal of state attention to the agricultural sector, are revealed. The article also focuses on the state of agriculture during and after the pandemic, and compares it with other countries of the world. The authors made proposals that are most suitable for the development of agriculture, ensuring food security and independence of the population.

scholarly journals The Paradigm of Circular Economy in the Conditions of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (517) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
M. O. Varfolomieiev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
The State ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The World

The article is concerned with the topical issues of present – the principles and foundations of introduction of circular economy (CE). The article emphasizes that, despite the fact that the issue of introducing circular economy has already been widely covered in the scientific publications by domestic and foreign scholars, any strategy for the practical introduction of circular economy at the State level has not yet been formed. Thus, the publication is aimed at studying the key aspects and prerequisites for the introduction of circular economy within the Ukrainian terms. In accordance with this aim, the advantages and disadvantages of the introduction of circular economy in the world aspect are analyzed. The advantages of the introduction of circular economy include the following issues: profitability growth; reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; creation of new jobs. Among the shortcomings of the introduction of circular economy, the publication distinguishes the following: level of complexity of the promotion of systemic changes; economic fluctuations (CE may be non-profit in a short period of time); unsuitable markets (lack of necessary raw materials and infrastructure, competition, knowledge); imperfect regulation (imperfect legislation and/or its implementing); social factors (lack of knowledge and skills related to circular economy); insufficient control over waste sorting; level of financing (both on the part of the State treasury and business). Summing up the advantages and disadvantages of the introduction of circular economy, it is emphasized that, in the terms of CE, the most important value is not being attached to material flows or waste, but to much more sufficient methods, such as maintenance, reuse and recycling of equipment. Also, the research pays considerable attention to the instruments of circular economy and the prerequisites for their application. In addition, each of the above mentioned instruments is considered in the aspect of practical use and analyzed upon existing in the world examples. Thus, among the instruments for the introduction of circular economy, the author highlights: Design of thinking of the future; Virtualization and sharing; Product as a service; Reuse in production; Reuse in consumption; Industrial symbiousness and processing of production waste; Recycling. Special attention in the article is given to the problems of introducing circular economy in Ukraine and ways to solve them. Thus, the research has consistently revealed the problems and ways to solve them at the level of government, business, and society.

SOME TRENDS OF THE WORLD REE MARKET AND PROSPECTS FOR RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
A. A. Gasanov ◽  
A. V. Naumov ◽  
O. V. Yurasova ◽  
I. M. Petrov ◽  
T. E. Litvinova
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

The paper presents a review of some trends observed on the world market of rare-earth elements (REE). This review takes into account actual changes in the commercial and industrial policy of China and the current trends of REE consumption. Main characteristics of the modern REE markets are considered. The paper provides an assessment of world production volumes, world trade and prices. The article describes the REE market behavior in 2000–2020 and provides a forecast of main indicators and prices up to 2020. It contains a description of current world REE resources, production and trade over the main countries. In addition, the prices and the main buyers of REE are specified indicating the forecast of consumption. The prospects of the Russian REE market are estimated taking into account the «Development of the Rare and Rare-Earth Elements Industry» subprogram implemented as part of the State Program of the Russian Federation «Industry Development and Competitiveness Improvement». The purpose of the subprogram is to create a competitive rare-earth industry of an integrated production cycle in the Russian Federation in order to satisfy the needs of the domestic defense industry complex, civil industries and enter the foreign markets. It is noted that this subprogram should be upgraded with regard to changes in the market conditions and development of rare-earth elements production in the Russian Federation including by means of statutory, non-tariff and technical regulation. Loparite and apatite will remain the main sources of rare-earth elements as raw materials for industrial processing in Russia in the near future, while REE production from apatite will increase. It is emphasized that the prospects of REE development in Russia consist not so much in increasing the primary production as in establishing new plants consuming rare-earth products.

Separation of rare-earth metals and titanium in complex apatite concentrate processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
O. V. Cheremisina ◽  
◽  
V. V. Sergeev ◽  
A. T. Fedorov ◽  
D. A. Alferova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Apatite Concentrate ◽  
Process Solutions ◽  
Promising Source

Intermediate processing products of apatite raw materials, such as the process solutions of phosphoric acid (PA) containing the in-demand rare-earth elements (REE) of heavy and medium-light groups, are a promising source of rare-earth metals. Apatite concentrate typically has low rare-earth metals grades (up to 1 %); therefore, sufficient economic value may only be achieved with those technologies that yield individual rare-earth metals without modifications in the underlying apatite raw materials process. Extraction methods have significant technological advantages, mainly due to the simplicity of implementation and the possibility of accelerated industrial-scale adaptation. Rare-earth metals recovery from PA process solutions into the organic phase based on di-2-ethylhexylphosphoric acid (D2EHPA) is associated with the simultaneous extraction of titanium (IV). Additional separation processes are, therefore, required in view of the presence of titanium in the REE extract. It has been found that effective titanium recovery from the organic phase is achieved by using oxalic acid with the concentration of 0.25 mol/l at the phase ratio of 0.5 and the mixing rate of 400 min–1. The content of impurity elements in the concentrates of individual REM compounds obtained of does not exceed 10–4 %. The complex processing operations performed for obtaining individual rare-earth metals represent a complete technology for the integrated processing of apatite raw materials. The work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 19-19-00377).

scholarly journals Perkembangan Material Rotan dan Penggunaan di Dunia Desain Interior

Humaniora ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Grace Hartanti
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The State ◽  
High Demand ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Use ◽  
Global World ◽  
Substitute Materials

For most Indonesia people, rattan had long been known, for personal use and trade.  It started from raw materials and semi-finished trades, and later it was developed  into the finished rattan product trade conducted by the wholesalers in Indonesia. In addition to the processing of rattan in Indonesia, the rattan finished-product trade has also been done widely.The trade agreement that has been made with foreign parties spur the contribution in increasing the state revenue which deserves to be taken into account. In this case, rattan application has grown in the world of Interior Design, for example as furniture and as interior accessories. The use of substitute materials, such as synthetic rattan, is now also widely used to fulfill high demand and product diversity.With the growing numbers of variants of rattan application in interior design field, a research based on qualitative research was applied. Article explores the process of research and rattan is expected to be the mediator in bringing local Indonesian culture to the global world competition. Thus, the state gait could be known more widely, and hopefully could help improving the welfare of Indonesian people into a better place.  

scholarly journals Analysis of the Use of Rare-Earth Metals in Ferrous Metallurgy in Russia and the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-374
Author(s):  
A. I. Volkov ◽  
P. E. Stulov ◽  
L. I. Leont’ev ◽  
V. A. Uglov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Ferrous Metallurgy ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
The World
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