scholarly journals APPROACHES TO INCREASING THE LANDSCAPE CAPACITY OF A BIG CITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 226-236
Author(s):  
Tеtiana Tеtiana Kuzmenko ◽  
Andrii Dmytrenko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Large City ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Critical Limit ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Big City ◽  
Point Line ◽  
Tools And Techniques

The article considers the problem of limiting the territory of large cities in terms of expansion and expansion of park areas. The issues of landscape organization of local territories of large cities are raised: arrangement of entrance zones and railway green strips, organization of flat green coverings over platform spaces, arrangement of means of landscaping of semi-underground and underground garages, functional delimitation of pedestrian territories. The concept of semiotic units of landscape design is illustrated: point, line, plane, mass. Methods of distinguishing fragments of the urban environment and examples from foreign experience are given. The high concentration of anthropomorphic activity, creating a number of unconditional advantages, has led to a violation of the optimal balance between natural and artificial components of the landscape. As a result, cities feel an urgent need to maximize the natural component of the urban environment. The urgency of the topic is due to the approach of humanity to a critical limit, beyond which the process of deterioration of the biosphere will be beyond his control. The aim of the article is to generalize the experience of using landscape design tools to create a safe environment, enrich the city with landscaping elements, which are located not in traditional parks, but in local recreation areas, to design pedestrian spaces, create certain barriers between pedestrians and parking lots. favorable microclimate in the territories adjacent to production zones and railways, etc .; as well as developing approaches to increase the landscape potential of a large city and improve the microclimate of the urban environment. Transforming the landscape of large cities using landscaping tools and techniques will lead to a more harmonious relationship between anthropogenic and natural components of the urban environment, and ultimately reduce the factors that adversely affect human health. Attitudes towards the use of landscape design to achieve the artistic expressiveness of the urban environment is increasingly becoming an indicator of the civilization of the country.

scholarly journals THE LATEST TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF THE ARCHITECTURE OF MODERN PUBLIC CENTERS IN A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (159) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
O. Dudka
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Large City ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Planning Concepts

The article reveals the latest trends in the modern development of the architecture of public centers in large cities, innovative methods of formation in the urban environment, defines their specificity and requirements, analyzes the features, patterns and modern design solutions in conditions of sustainable development. The relevance of this study is associated with the need for new systemic approaches in the formation of multifunctional facilities, taking into account modern urban planning concepts, which allow the formation of new types of public entities and become an important structural element of the urban environment. Turning to foreign experience in organizing multifunctional public centers, one can find that the main components of the architectural formation are their urban planning and the spatial organization of a favorable architectural environment. It is important to note this aspect: for the formation of large public centers in conditions of sustainable development, the following main trends are characteristic: the formation of a developed spatial organization - an architectural and compositional formation. Also a bright architectural and artistic image - a dominant in the urban environment, integration into the natural landscape - ecological direction of sustainable development, effective functional zoning, well-developed engineering infrastructure and communications. Thus, it has been determined that a multifunctional public center in the structure of a large city is a specific type of architectural object, which is formed into a single complex of spatial and planning elements that organize the core of the social and business life of this city.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF SOCIAL POLARIZATION IN MODERN CITIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
G. P. Podolian
Keyword(s):  
Social Situation ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Modern Cities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Polarization ◽  
Communication Interaction ◽  
Big City ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article is devoted to the analysis of complex processes of social polarization as an integral feature of the modern life of big cities, which manifests itself in the confrontation of the elite and disadvantaged segments of the urban population. It is emphasized on the spectrum of the main causes, characteristic features that have determined the rise of these trends in modern cities around the world. Emphasis is placed on the devastating impact of social polarization on the social foundations of communication, interaction and integration of different segments of the population within one city. By comparing the practice of the existence of cities in classical cultures with the modern experience of func- tioning of large cities, the main causes of such a situation are analyzed. The universal include: globalization, NTP and urbanization. Other, not less significant, include economic ones: formation of world interdependence, first of all, in economic activity, becoming of post-industrial production with appropriate type, practices and values, increase of level and possibilities of technological transformations, existence of competitive ways of production, uneven development of production, increasing dependence of many economies from tourism development, poverty growth and the emergence of megabidonville, international labor migration rates; social: the emergence and subsequent dominance of a new type of intellectual elite focused on global communication space (cyberspace), the formation of "closed spaces" for different layers within the same city, breaking a complex network of relationships and interaction between different layers, leaving the solution of local problems to solve poor people, displacing the poorer from the best places of urban infrastructure, rigid polarization and segregation between different layers; cultural: the presence in the vast majority of large cities of ethnic groups, races and peoples; worldviews: fear, uncertainty in the future, vulnerability of the social situation in the conditions of "current modernity". An analysis of the dynamic nature of urban life has allowed to identify the main drivers of social polarization – myxophobia and myxophilia and to determine their negative influences and positive possibilities of maintaining social communication, interaction, agreements, exchanges in the context of the functioning of the big city of the modern global world.

scholarly journals On the Effects of Lateral Openings on Courtyard Ventilation and Pollution—A Large-Eddy Simulation Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Gronemeier ◽  
Matthias Sühring
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Eddy Simulation ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Upstream Flow

Courtyards are an omnipresent feature within the urban environment. Residents often use courtyards as recreation areas, which makes them crucial for the physical and psychological comfort of the urban population. However, considering that courtyards represent enclosed cavities, they are often poorly ventilated spaces and pollutants from neighboring traffic, once entrained, can pose a serious threat to human health. Here, we studied the effects of lateral openings on courtyard pollution and ventilation. Therefore, we performed a set of large-eddy simulations for idealized urban environments with different courtyard configurations. While pollutant concentration and ventilation are barely modified by lateral openings for wide courtyards, lateral openings have a significant effect on the mean concentration, the number of high-concentration events and the ventilation within narrower and deeper courtyards. The impacts of lateral openings on air quality within courtyards strongly depend on their orientation with respect to the flow direction, as well as on the upstream flow conditions and upstream building configuration. We show that lateral openings, in most cases, have a negative impact on air quality; nevertheless, we also present configurations where lateral openings positively impact the air quality within courtyards. These outcomes may certainly contribute to improve future urban planning in terms of health protection.

From Apple to Orange: Narratives of Small City Migration and Settlement among the Urban Middle Class

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Ocejo
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Qualitative Research ◽  
New York City ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
York City ◽  
Small City ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The City

As large cities become unaffordable, some people in the urban middle class are moving to small cities but risk replicating gentrification and its harms. Based on a qualitative research project on Newburgh, a small city north of New York City, this paper examines the narratives that middle-class urbanites construct to make sense of this migration, their new urban environment, and their place within it. These narratives describe their decision to move (migration) and their everyday lives in the city (settlement). Most importantly, their narratives are shaped by their social positions as both displaced residents and gentrifiers and as both consumers and producers of space. But despite being self-aware gentrifiers, their settlement narratives lack reflections on their own displacement from New York City, and instead emphasize how they try to mitigate gentrification’s harms. The paper concludes with a discussion of what makes gentrifiers in small cities distinct from those in large ones.

scholarly journals ПРОСТОРОВІ ФАКТОРИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ КОМФОРТНОСТІ МІСЬКОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА ВЕЛИКОЇ МІСТА

2021 ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Валерій Петрович Сидоров ◽  
Павло Юрійович Ситніков
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Large City ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
State Of The Environment

The conditions and spatial factors for the implementation of national projects are considered. On the example of a large city, the factors of the comfort of the urban environment of a large city are assessed. Variants of effective combination of spatial urban complexes are identified. The purpose of the article is to analyze the spatial factors of assessing the comfort of the urban environment in a large city. The subject of the research is the process of assessing the comfort of the urban environment in a large city. Analytical, historical, statistical, logical, comparative methods were used as research methods. Research hypothesis. By the comfort of the urban space, the authors understand not only the level of the amenities of the adjoining territories, which the developers create at a high aesthetic and practical level. This refers to the convenience of receiving social services and their transport accessibility. Therefore, having successfully sold apartments of the first stage, the developer may and is faced with the problem of selling apartments of the second and subsequent stages of construction. Presentation of the main material. The authors of the article propose to use the original aggregate indicator for the purposes of assessing the comfort of the city - the index of the comfort of the urban environment, with a form already successfully tested in other studies, consisting of 35 private indicators combined into 7 sections: geographical location, level of development of public transport, state of the environment. environment, the level of development of social infrastructure (combined in 3 sections), the arrangement of the adjoining space. Originality and practical value. The problem of the housing stock deficit is gradually weakening and replaced by the problem of the excess of the supply of housing over the demand for it. In the new conditions, a potential buyer of an apartment is interested not only and not so much in its size and price, but also in the environment surrounding the chosen house. On the other hand, the commercial interest of the developer was traditionally manifested in the desire to sell the apartment soon. Research conclusions and prospects for further research. The comfort of the urban environment is becoming an increasingly monetized element of the total cost of purchased housing. Competent use of information about it makes it easier for the developer to offer and sell a particular apartment. In addition, the indicator of the comfort of the urban environment can be actively used in applied studies, for example, in geomarketing research.

scholarly journals Philosophical walk: from antiquity to modern times

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gulevataya ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Milyaeva ◽  
Regina Penner ◽  
Sofia Suleimanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Large City ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Philosophical Practice ◽  
Theoretical Terms ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Big City ◽  
The University

Introduction. In the history of philosophy we find a lot of philosophical practices that can be implemented in the university environment for students and outside the university for a wide audience. The Philosophical Walk is one of such practices. During a walk philosophy can become truly humane, turn to a person, his world, and everyday life. The purpose of the study is to comprehend the potential of a philosophical walk as a way of philosophical practice, a format of a modern person’s self-knowledge and the implementation of self-care, available to a wide range of people without special philosophical education.Methods The research is based on the comparative historical method, the method of interpreting the texts of philosophical primary sources and the systematic approach. The study presents and analyzes an experiment in the context of which residents of a large city go on a philosophical walk in order to take care of themselves. Scientific novelty of the research. In theoretical terms, philosophical walk is conceptualized. In practical terms, the analysis of the effectiveness of a philosophical walk as a way of a large city resident’s self-care is carried out. Results. A philosophical walk is a form of group philosophical practice, in the context of which the participants become guided (literally and figuratively,) by the facilitator. In the summer of 2020, the authors of the article organized a series of walks, each of which was attended by 8 to 12 people who had not have direct contact with philosophy in their everyday life, in the educational and professional spheres. In September 2020, the participants of the walks were offered a questionnaire consisting of closed and open questions. According to the respondents’ answers, a general picture of the effectiveness of a philosophical walk as a form of self-care for a modern metropolis resident was drawn. Conclusions. We understand the philosophical walk as a kind of “place”, a space of calm and harmony for a person of the XXI century. A resident of a big city lives in constant noise. The events of 2020 have increased the noise and accompanying stress. A philosophical walk, in turn, within the boundaries of the same city creates an atmosphere for a person to meet with himself. With the help of an external plan (forest environment, clean air, sounds of nature) and a philosophical plan (concentration over the text, dialogue with a philosopher and a group), the meeting participant can formulate the life-meaning questions that concern him and start looking for answers.

scholarly journals SUSTAINABILITY LEVEL OF DENSELY POPULATED AREA: JATIMULYO URBAN COMMUNITIES, LOWOKWARU DISTRICT, MALANG CITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 718
Author(s):  
S Haryani
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Spatial Structure ◽  
City Development ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Big City ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Population Urbanization ◽  
The City

Large cities still peak the interests of some Indonesian society. Big city development as the center of economic activity is a powerful pull for society, influencing high workforce from both inside and outside of the city, causing a strong current of urbanization. One main problem that always accompanies urban areas development is density population. Urbanization has caused a very rapid explosion in the city population; one implication is the clumping workforce in large Indonesian cities. The high number of people who choose to settle in the city increase the number of both legal and illegal settlements. In the high-density settlement, many houses are not liveable and irregular. The densely populated settlements find many houses unfit for habitation and irregular. The research aims to formulate the sustainability level of Urban communities, Lowokwaru District, Malang City using quantitative method through sustainability level calculation. Jatimulyo Urban Communities is measured by the sustainability criteria of density, diversity, mixed-use, and compactness to formulate the related sustainable urban spatial structure. Interpretation of the calculation results references similar research. The calculation result shows that Jatimulyo Urban Communities is included in the moderate sustainability level, where density is moderate (101.1-200 people/ha), has a moderate building density (20-40 buildings/ha), has a random diversity level (1.0) and an entropy index (0.51), and compactness is near perfect inequality (Gini Coefficient 0.99).

scholarly journals MODERN TRENDS IN THE FORMATION OF PUBLIC BUSINESS SPACES

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
М. Макарова ◽  
M. Makarova ◽  
Е. Ладик ◽  
Elena Ladik ◽  
С. Киселев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Large City ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The City

This article examines the urban public and business subcenters as secondary elements of the city system, the closest in properties to its main center. The criteria defining the public business subcenters are highlighted. The current trends in the formation of social and business subcenters in large cities and megalopolises are considered. Analysis of world experience is produced. Foreign concepts of spatial development are analyzed on the example of several existing urban subcenters. Various available cartographic materials and literature sources have been studied. They cover the development of urban business centers and various aspects of urban development. The methods of spatial formation of the planning structure of urban public business subcenters are highlighted: the cluster and channel. The development stages of urban subcenters from the territory of concentration of small trade and residential establishments to large-scale multifunctional urban planning formations are presented. The prospects for the development of business subcenters in major cities of the Russian Federation are analyzed and trends are identified: social and business polycentrism, disposition of administrative and business centers on the outskirts of cities and the formation of self-organizing business subcenters, mainly based on shopping and entertainment centers in residential areas. Prospects for development of urban subcenter in a large city are considered on the example of the city of Belgorod. Conclusions are drawn on the need to develop new models of urban public business subcenters taking into consideration the modern planning specifics of large cities and megalopolises of the Russian Federation. Models of urban public business subcenters must meet the requirements of polyfunctionality, to have high architectural and town planning qualities, to take into account the needs of population in the design area and to ensure the sustainable development of the urban periphery.

scholarly journals Analysis of educational programs of universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan, graduating specialists in designing the urban environment and its elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Т.A. Abdrashitova ◽  
◽  
A.Sh. Chikanayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Academic Year

This article is devoted to the study of perspective direction and educational programs of higher education institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan that produce specialists who are competent in the design of urban space, as well as its elements. The study was conducted on the basis of an analysis of educational programs (architectural design, landscape design, architecture, urban planning) for applicants entering higher educational institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the 2020 academic year.

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