scholarly journals Justification of the requirements for the construction of protective structures by means underground workings in an explosive manner

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
Volodymyr Kotsiuruba ◽  
Ivan Datsenko ◽  
Volodymyr Dachkovsky ◽  
Mykola Tkach ◽  
Oleksandr Holda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Protective Structure ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
The People ◽  
Underground Workings ◽  
Internal Volume ◽  
Protective Structures

In the opposition of the people of Ukraine to the aggressive policy of the Russian Federation, the question of studying the experience of combat operations in the east of our state is relevant. Analysis of the losses suffered by the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the civilian population during the operation. The Joint Forces (anti-terrorist operation) in Donetsk and Luhansk region clearly point to the need to study the issue of creating safe shelters, especially for the civilian population with limited time and resources. This can be realized provided that explosive methods of underground construction are used alongside traditional earthworks. The construction of such structures must be strong and have a sufficient internal volume and ensure the safety of the people there and allow the placement of various household and sanitary equipment. Based on the above, it should be noted that the article considers the topical issue of arrangement of underground structures and shelters in one of the ways, namely explosive. The essence of the explosive method of arranging underground workings is that a well is arranged in the soil, in which the appropriate charge of the explosive is installed and detonation is carried out. Due to the explosion of the charge, a camouflet cavity is formed, which is used for the construction of an underground protective structure or its elements. The use of this method can significantly reduce and sometimes completely eliminate time-consuming and unproductive work on the development and removal of soil from the slaughter. Accordingly, the conditions of camouflage of buildings are significantly improved and the terms of their construction are reduced. The purpose of the article is to highlight the methodological approach to substantiate the requirements for the main indicators of construction of protective structures by arranging underground workings in an explosive manner. The considered methodical approach can be used both at planning of actions for the fortification equipment of shelters for the civilian population and during carrying out scientific researches for the purpose of substantiation of requirements to the basic indicators of construction of protective constructions by arrangement of underground workings by explosive way. As a direction of further research in the subject area is the improvement of scientific and methodological approach to the calculation of a multilayer underground protective structure.

scholarly journals Civil Preparation of the Battlespace - Necessity in the Irregular or Hybrid Warfare

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Aurelian Rațiu
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Centre Of Gravity ◽  
Profound Knowledge ◽  
The People ◽  
Precise Understanding ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract The lessons learned from the most recent conflicts or theatres of operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, Ukraine, or Syria prove that the Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) process is no longer sufficient. Why? Because in the irregular and hybrid conflicts the centre of gravity is represented by the civilian population, which requires precise understanding of the operational environment, including aspects about the local communities, and profound knowledge of the people, their social structures, their culture, their customs, and their way of thinking and reacting to certain internal and external stimuli. In such an operational environment, protecting the civilian population becomes the main mission of the armed forces. Consequently, we present the most important stages through which the Civil Preparation of the Battlespace (CPB) can be accomplished.

Construction of an Achievement Test in General Science for Class IX Based on NCERT Syllabus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (26) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailendra Bhuyan ◽  
Punita Borpuzari Deori
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
General Science ◽  
School Students ◽  
The People ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Teaching Learning

Achievement test is of very important assessment tool to evaluate the student’s current level of knowledge and skill acquired from classroom instruction. This test is designed to evaluate the student’s level of achievement in a particular subject for a particular class prescribed under the board or the university. In other words, to assess how much the pupils have achieved the educational objectives in teaching learning process at the end of the course and if achieved then to what extent, it has been achieved. Achievement tests are proved to be very helpful in various ways to the people who are involved in the field of education such as the teachers, the administrators, the planners, to the parents as well as for the students. The teacher very carefully develops and conduct achievement test in the class which enable the teacher to get an overall idea of the progress or the level of achievement of his students in the subject area. The teacher can determine the pupil’s strength and weakness in the subject area. So, based on this the teacher can take necessary remedial instructional strategies for the betterment of the pupil’s progress. In the same time, it also provides feedback for the teaching efficiency of the teacher.As with the time changes there have been many educational reforms taken place and in between syllabus had also been changed under different Boards of Studies. In order to maintain uniform standard of education the Government has formulated a policy to implement NCERT syllabus common to all School Boards throughout the country and accordingly the State Board of Secondary Education, Assam (SEBA) follow NCERT syllabus and to evaluate students’ achievement in terms of the policy formulated by the Board. Till now, no any standardized achievement test has been conducted for the secondary school students of Assam. Therefore, the investigators felt to construct and standardize an achievement test in the subject General Science which will definitely help in educational research.

Theologizing Latinamente: Had Anselm Known Us!

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-602
Author(s):  
Orlando O. Espín
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Grounding ◽  
The Church ◽  
Lex Orandi

After a historical and cultural grounding of Prosper of Aquitaine's lex orandi, lex credendi and of Anselm of Canterbury's notion that theology is fides quarens intellectum, this article examines the importance of constructing an Episcopal Latinoa theology that is clearly validated by the academy but whose most important validation comes from the people who are the church. Teología de conjunto (or teología en conjunto ) demands and expects theologians’ grounding location to be within lo cotidiano of our people. To theologize latinamente, therefore, is a movement, a contextual perspective, and a methodological approach to theologizing within Christian theology, distinguished by a cultural, critical, contextual, justice-seeking, and noninnocent interpretation of Scripture, tradition and doctrine, society and church, and history. It is intent on acknowledging and honoring Latinoa cultures, histories, and stories as legitimate and necessary sources of Christian theology.

scholarly journals Methodological approach to assess tractor stability in normal operation in field using a commercial warning device

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rondelli ◽  
R. Martelli ◽  
C. Casazza ◽  
A. Guarnieri
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Loss Of Stability ◽  
Soil Morphology ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Probable Loss ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Commercial Device ◽  
Warning Device

Since Roll-Over Protective Structures (ROPS) are mandatory on tractors, the number of fatalities caused in the event of an upset is definitely reduced. Nevertheless, fatal accidents caused by machine loss of stability are still of great concern. In fact, despite ROPS have reduced injury to agricultural operators, tractor stability is still a complex issue due to its high versatility in use, especially considering normal operations in field, when interactions with the environment such as soil morphology and climatic conditions are involved, as well as interactions with operator skills and experience. With the aim of collecting data on different variables influencing the dynamics of tractors in field, a commercial device that allows the continuous monitoring of working conditions and the active configuration of the machines was fitted on standard tractors in normal operation at the experimental farm of the Bologna University. The device consists of accelerometers, gyroscope, GSM/GPRS, GPS for geo-referencing and a transceiver for the automatic recognition of tractor-connected equipment. A microprocessor processes data and provides information, through a dedicated algorithm requiring data on the geometry of the tested tractor, on the level of risk for the operator in terms of probable loss of stability and suggests corrective measures to reduce the potential instability of the tractor.

scholarly journals The impact of heavy object on an underground structure when falling onto the ground surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-438
Author(s):  
Oleg V. Mkrtychev ◽  
Yury V. Novozhilov ◽  
Anton Yu. Savenkov
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Underground Structure ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Building Collapse ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
The Impact

At the objects of space infrastructure and at nuclear power facilities there are industrial structures, the main task of which is to protect a person, equipment or machinery from emergencies such as, for example, explosions, falling of various objects, fragments. In accordance with the requirements of the Federal Law On the Protection of the Population and Territories from Natural and Technogenic Emergencies, when calculating such structures, all types of loads corresponding to their functional purpose must be taken into account. So, for structures located in the area of a possible accident and the fall of space rockets, it is necessary to calculate for the fall of the destroyed parts of the rocket engine. For nuclear power plant facilities, such accidents occur when containers and other heavy objects fall on the ground, affecting underground structures located in the ground, and for civil defense protective structures built into the basement floors of buildings, it is necessary to consider situations in which the overlying floors of a building collapse when exposed to there is an air shock wave on them. Therefore, this problem is relevant, and in this study, a finite-element method for calculating an underground structure in a non-linear dynamic setting has been developed when a large overall object collides with the ground.

Impact action of a projectiles on special protective structures and ways to increase their protective capacity

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-100
Author(s):  
A. Andrukhiv ◽  
A. Baranov ◽  
N. Huzyk ◽  
B. Sokil ◽  
M. Sokil
Keyword(s):  
Soil Layer ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Protective Structure ◽  
Impact Action ◽  
Dirac Delta ◽  
Wood Flooring ◽  
Protective Element ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Protective Structures ◽  
Elastic Elements

A method for studying the reaction of elastic elements of protective structures to a series of impact actions of shells has been developed. In the work, the elastic elements of the protective structure are modeled by homogeneous beams, and the dynamic action of the shells is simulated by instantaneous point-applied forces. A mathematical model of this dynamic process is constructed, which is a boundary value problem for a hyperbolic equation with an irregular right-hand side. The latter is described using Dirac delta functions. Cases of both fixed and free ends of protective elements are considered. The main ideas of perturbation methods are used for the researches carried out in the work. Analytical dependences for the description of elastic deformations of a protective element which are basic for definition of its strength characteristics are received. They and the graphical dependences built on their basis for specific cases show that the dynamic deformations of the protective element for the fixed ends are greater in the case of the projectile closer to its middle, at the same time for the free ends – closer to the end. With regard to the modernization of protective structures, the dynamic effect on their elements can be reduced by using elastic reinforcement or changing the method of fixing the ends of the protective element: elastic or with a certain angle of inclination of the bearing surfaces. It is proposed to use special plastics, soil layer, flexible wood flooring, etc. as elastic reinforcement. The technique used in the work is the basis for determining the strength characteristics of protective elements, and from so – to check the reliability of the protective structure; study of the dynamics of protective and similar types of structures, taking into account the nonlinear characteristics of the elastic elements of protective structures; study of more complex oscillations of elements of protective structures. In the case of a series of impacts, it is obvious that the amplitude of deflection of the protective element after each impact will increase over time, because the model does not take into account the force of viscoelastic friction. These tasks will be the subject of further research.

The Chinese Armed Forces and the Challenges of Globalization

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-70
Author(s):  
Andrea Ghiselli
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Territorial Defense ◽  
People's Liberation Army ◽  
The People ◽  
People’S Liberation Army ◽  
Civilian Leadership ◽  
Inter State

How did the Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) react to the securitization act initiated by the civilian leadership? This chapter shows that the PLA was relatively hesitant to accept a more inclusive understanding of security beyond traditional territorial defense, and therefore of a broader role for itself in China’s peacetime foreign policy. The PLA’s approach to non-traditional missions was similar to that of other countries’ armed forces, as they did not look favorably on so-called interventionist uses of force. It was in the aftermath of the 2011 Libyan crisis that the position of the PLA changed in an unequivocal way and the soldiers’ attitude towards the expansion of their peacetime portfolio became very similar to that of the civilians. While the soldiers’ natural desire to contribute to the security of the people played an important role in this process, it is important to emphasize how crucial the establishment of a causal link between non-traditional security threats and inter-state conflict was in the debate within the PLA.

Get off my cloud: cyber warfare, international humanitarian law, and the protection of civilians

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (886) ◽  
pp. 533-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordula Droege
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Traffic Control ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Cyber Space

AbstractCyber warfare figures prominently on the agenda of policymakers and military leaders around the world. New units to ensure cyber security are created at various levels of government, including in the armed forces. But cyber operations in armed conflict situations could have potentially very serious consequences, in particular when their effect is not limited to the data of the targeted computer system or computer. Indeed, cyber operations are usually intended to have an effect in the ‘real world’. For instance, by tampering with the supporting computer systems, one can manipulate an enemy's air traffic control systems, oil pipeline flow systems, or nuclear plants. The potential humanitarian impact of some cyber operations on the civilian population is enormous. It is therefore important to discuss the rules of international humanitarian law (IHL) that govern such operations because one of the main objectives of this body of law is to protect the civilian population from the effects of warfare. This article seeks to address some of the questions that arise when applying IHL – a body of law that was drafted with traditional kinetic warfare in mind – to cyber technology. The first question is: when is cyber war really war in the sense of ‘armed conflict’? After discussing this question, the article goes on to look at some of the most important rules of IHL governing the conduct of hostilities and the interpretation in the cyber realm of those rules, namely the principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution. With respect to all of these rules, the cyber realm poses a number of questions that are still open. In particular, the interconnectedness of cyber space poses a challenge to the most fundamental premise of the rules on the conduct of hostilities, namely that civilian and military objects can and must be distinguished at all times. Thus, whether the traditional rules of IHL will provide sufficient protection to civilians from the effects of cyber warfare remains to be seen. Their interpretation will certainly need to take the specificities of cyber space into account. In the absence of better knowledge of the potential effects of cyber warfare, it cannot be excluded that more stringent rules might be necessary.

The PLA′s Evolving Warfighting Doctrine, Strategy and Tactics, 1985–1995: A Chinese Perspecti

1996 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 443-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
The People ◽  
1960S And 1970S

Defence doctrine is an important indicator of armed forces′ intentions and capabilities. Since the policy of defence modernization was introduced in China in 1973, the war-fighting doctrine and strategic principles of the People′s Liberation Army (PLA) have undergone two major changes. The first change came in the late 1970s. The Maoist doctrine of the “people′s war,” which had been prevalent in the late 1960s and 1970s, was replaced by a new doctrine of the “people′s war under modern conditions.”

scholarly journals Semiotic dimensions of human attitudes towards other animals: A case of zoological gardens

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 209-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelly Mäekivi ◽  
Timo Maran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Communicative Interactions ◽  
The People ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
Cultural Connotations

This paper analyses the cultural and biosemiotic bases of human attitudes towards other species. A critical stance is taken towards species neutrality and it is shown that human attitudes towards different animal species differ depending on the psychological dispositions of the people, biosemiotic conditions (e.g. umwelt stuctures), cultural connotations and symbolic meanings. In real-life environments, such as zoological gardens, both biosemiotic and cultural aspects influence which animals are chosen for display, as well as the various ways in which they are displayed and interpreted. These semiotic dispositions are further used as motifs in staging, personifying or de-personifying animals in order to modify visitors’ perceptions and attitudes. As a case study, the contrasting interpretations of culling a giraffe at the Copenhagen zoo are discussed. The communicative encounters and shifting per ceptions are mapped on the scales of welfaristic, conservational, dominionistic, and utilitarian approaches. The methodological approach described in this article integrates static and dynamical views by proposing to analyse the semiotic potential of animals and the dynamics of communicative interactions in combination.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document