scholarly journals Cuboidal Cell

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Cuboidal Cell

Abstract 222: Dkk1 and Msx2-Wnt7b Signaling Reciprocally Regulate the Endothelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Aortic Endothelial Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Li Cheng ◽  
Jian-su Shao ◽  
Abraham Behrmann ◽  
Karen Krchma ◽  
Dwight A Towler
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
Aortic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Endothelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Aortic Endothelial

Objective Endothelial cells (ECs) can undergo an endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during tissue fibrosis. Wnt- and Msx2-regulated signals participate in arteriosclerotic calcification and fibrosis. We studied the impact of Wnt7, Msx2, and Dkk1 (Wnt7 antagonist) on EndMT in primary aortic endothelial cells (AoECs). Methods and Results Transduction of AoECs with vectors expressing Dkk1 suppressed EC differentiation and induced a mineralizing myofibroblast phenotype. Dkk1 suppressed claudin 5, PECAM, cadherin 5 (Cdh5), Tie1 and Tie2. Dkk1 converted the cuboidal cell monolayer into a spindle-shaped multilayer and inhibited EC cord formation. Myofibrogenic and osteogenic markers - e.g., SM22, type I collagen, Osx, Runx2, alkaline phosphatase – were upregulated by Dkk1 via activin-like kinase / Smad pathways. Dkk1 increased fibrosis and mineralization of AoECs cultured under osteogenic conditions - the opposite of mesenchymal cell responses. Msx2 and Wnt7b maintained the “cobblestone” morphology of differentiated ECs and promoted EC marker expression. Deleting EC Wnt7b with the Cdh5-Cre transgene in Wnt7b(fl/fl);LDLR-/- mice upregulated aortic osteogenic genes (Osx, Sox9, Runx2, Msx2) and nuclear pSmad1/5, and increased collagen accumulation. Conclusions Dkk1 enhances EndMT in AoECs, while Msx2-Wnt7 signals stabilize EC phenotype. EC responses to Dkk1, Wnt7b, and Msx2 are the opposite of mesenchymal cell responses, coupling EC phenotypic stability with osteofibrogenic predilection during arteriosclerosis.

Increased levels of clusterin mRNA in the ventral prostate of the aging rat are associated to increases in cuboidal (atrophic) cell population and not to changes in apoptotic activity

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 515-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Marinelli ◽  
Daniela Quaglino ◽  
Saverio Bettuzzi ◽  
Paola Strocchi ◽  
Pierpaola Davalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Cell Population ◽  
Small Population ◽  
Ventral Prostate ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
Rat Ventral Prostate ◽  
Aging Rat ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Apoptotic Activity ◽  
Columnar Cells

In the ventral prostate of the intact rat, clusterin mRNA is expressed in a small population of cuboidal epithelial cells undergoing apoptosis, but not in the columnar cells comprising the vast majority of the glandular epithelium. Upon castration, clusterin mRNA expression and apoptotic activity are turned off in the cuboidal cells and turned on in the columnar ones. We show here that the progressive enhancements in the abundance of clusterin mRNA, occurring in the rat ventral prostate upon aging, are based on increases of the cuboidal cells at the expense of the columnar ones. DNA fragmentation, a typical sign of apoptosis, assayed both by agarose gel electrophoresis and in situ staining, was undetectable in 3-month-old rats but was evident among the cuboidal cells of 24-month-old animals and columnar cells of 1-day castrates. The DNA content of the ventral prostate did not change significatively between young and old rats, indicating that no increase in the rate of cell death occurs within the age interval examined. It is concluded that the enhancement in cuboidal cell population, the consequent augmented accumulation of clusterin mRNA, and the increased frequency of DNA fragmentation that we have detected in the aging rat ventral prostate are not directly related to the rate of apoptosis.Key words: apoptosis, clusterin, rat ventral prostate.

Changes in the epithelium of Rathke cleft cyst associated with inflammation

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Hama ◽  
Kazunori Arita ◽  
Takashi Nishisaka ◽  
Toshiyuki Fukuhara ◽  
Atsushi Tominaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Columnar Cell ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Cell Lining ◽  
Fine Print ◽  
Stratified Epithelia

Object. Rathke cleft cysts (RCCs) are composed of tall, well-differentiated, ciliated columnar epithelia. Their structures are altered by hyperplasia or squamous metaplasia, but their cause remains unknown. Methods. The authors studied pathological findings and anterior pituitary function in 20 patients harboring RCCs. They classified RCC epithelium as either single (a single ciliated columnar cell lining or a flattened cuboidal cell lining) or stratified (a stratified ciliated columnar cell lining, basal cell hyperplasia, columnar cell hyperplasia, or squamous metaplasia). Inflammation was classified as acute, subacute, chronic, or end stage. The epithelial cell lining was observed in 13 specimens obtained during surgery (six specimens contained single and seven contained stratified epithelia). Inflammation had penetrated the cyst epithelium or subjacent stroma in 10 patients, and the stage of inflammation correlated well with the type of epithelia group: early stages of inflammation in the single epithelium group and chronic or end-stage inflammation in the stratified epithelia (p = 0.0027). The adenohypophysis was identified in 21 surgical specimens. Postoperatively, growth hormone (p = 0.019), cortisol (p = 0.027), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (p = 0.039) responses significantly worsened as the inflammation progressed. The presence of diabetes insipidus correlated well with advanced stages of neurohypophysitis (p = 0.025). Conclusions. Epithelial stratification in the RCC is caused by inflammation that may extend into the adjacent adenohypophysis or neurohypophysis and overwhelm the hypophysis, resulting in panhypopituitarism. Transsphenoidal excision may represent the best choice for treatment, at least for cases of RCC in which there is partial impairment of hypophysial function.

Unsupervised segmentation method for cuboidal cell nuclei in histological prostate images based on minimum cross entropy

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (18) ◽  
pp. 7331-7340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Lucas Latorre de Oliveira ◽  
Marcelo Zanchetta do Nascimento ◽  
Leandro Alves Neves ◽  
Moacir Fernandes de Godoy ◽  
Pedro Francisco Ferraz de Arruda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Entropy ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Unsupervised Segmentation ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
Minimum Cross Entropy

276 CHARACTERIZATION OF BOVINE EPIBLAST OUTGROWTH COLONIES DERIVED FROM DAY 12 BLASTOCYSTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
E. Østrup ◽  
K. Schauser ◽  
J. O. Gjørret ◽  
P. Maddox-Hyttel
Keyword(s):  
Es Cells ◽  
Cell Sheet ◽  
Calf Serum ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
The Core ◽  
Large Animal Models

Isolation and culture of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells has been performed for many years, and the improvements achieved throughout the last decade in the human field has evoked great hopes for future cell replacement therapies. However, despite certain similarities in the molecular regulation of pluripotency between man and mouse, there is a need for developing large animal models. The aim of our study was to isolate, culture, and characterize bovine ES-like cell colonies derived from the epiblast. Embryos were produced by in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture. After 6 days of in vitro culture, blastocysts were transferred to synchronized heifers and allowed to develop for an additional 6 days in vivo. At Day 12 after insemination, embryos were collected by nonsurgical flushing. Embryonic discs were isolated from 15 blastocysts by microsurgery and cultured on mitomycin-inactivated mouse embryonic fibroblasts (SLN cells) in DMEM/F12 medium supplemented with 15% fetal calf serum (FCS), 5% knockout serum replacement (KSR), 106UmL–1 leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), nonessential amino acids (NEAA), and nucleosides. After 4 (n = 6), 6 (n = 4), and 8 days (n = 5) of culture, the primary outgrowth colonies were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and exposed to antisera recognizing Oct-4 (pluripotency marker; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), Vimentin (mesenchyme marker; Zymed Laboratories, South San Francisco, CA, USA), Cytokeratin-8 (trophectoderm marker; Becton, Dickinson and Co., Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), and α-1-Fetoprotein (hypoblast marker; DakoCytomation, Glostrup, Denmark). The site of antigen-antibody reaction was revealed using the ABC-AEC-method and counterstained with hematoxylin. At Day 4, all colonies had developed a compact central core of cells with a low cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio, surrounded by a monolayer of squamous cells. At Days 6 and 8, 3 out of 4 and 3 out of 5 colonies, respectively, still presented the compact core which occasionally was encapsulated by a squamous or cuboidal cell sheet. In the remaining colonies, a compact core was less defined. Oct-3/4 staining was observed in the nuclei of the compact core in 5 out of 6 colonies on Day 4, and in all colonies presenting a compact core on Days 6 and 8. However, whereas all nuclei in the core were stained on Days 4 and 6, only scattered nuclei were stained on Day 8. Vimentin staining was observed in the cytoplasm of cells in the compact core in 3 out of 6 Day 4 colonies, in all Day 6 colonies presenting a compact core, but not in any Day 8 colonies. In contrast, α-1-Fetoprotein staining intensity increased with culture period and was mostly observed in squamous monolayer portions. Cytokeratin-8 staining was weak and restricted to the cytoplasm of the cells encapsulating and surrounding the core in 2 Day 6 colonies and a single Day 8 colony. In conclusion, epiblasts isolated from Day 12 bovine blastocysts efficiently attach to feeder cells and develop outgrowth colonies with cores containing presumptive pluripotent cells (Oct-4). However, these cells to some degree lost Oct-4 expression toward Day 8 and were, in parallel, to some degree overgrown by cells of hypoblast (α-1-Fetoprotein) and trophectoderm (Cytokeratin-8) origin.

Ion transport by the urinary bladder of the gobiid teleost, Gillichthys mirabilis

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (5) ◽  
pp. R415-R423
Author(s):  
C. A. Loretz ◽  
H. A. Bern
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Columnar Cell ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
Electrogenic Transport ◽  
Gillichthys Mirabilis ◽  
Cl Transport ◽  
Transport Component ◽  
External Salinity

Transport characteristics of the two epithelial cell types lining the urinary bladder of the goby can be studied in Ussing-type chambers. Cuboidal cell regions from seawater- and 5% seawater-acclimated fish exhibit little mucosal-to-serosal Na or Cl transport. In contrast, columnar cell regions from both seawater- and 5% seawater-acclimated fish transport substantial amounts of Na and Cl. Whereas all electrolyte transport in 5% seawater-acclimated fish is electrically silent (neutral), columnar cell regions from seawater-acclimated fish possess an electrogenic Na transport component in addition to the neutral transport. Columnar cell regions also possess a Cl/Cl exchange diffusion mechanism. Neutral Na and Cl transport are not altered in response to external salinity; electrogenic transport varies both with acclimation to salinity and season. Reabsorption of Na and Cl from urine reduces excretory losses of these ions from 5% seawater-acclimated fish and drives urinary bladder water reabsorption in seawater-acclimated fish.

scholarly journals Regulation of tensile stress in response to external forces coordinates epithelial cell shape transitions with organ growth and elongation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramya Balaji ◽  
Vanessa Weichselberger ◽  
Anne-Kathrin Classen
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Shape ◽  
Adherens Junctions ◽  
Adherens Junction ◽  
Apical Surface ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
Cell Shapes ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Shape Transitions

AbstractThe role of actomyosin contractility at epithelial adherens junctions has been extensively studied. However, little is known about how external forces are integrated to establish epithelial cell and organ shape in vivo. We use the Drosophila follicle epithelium to investigate how tension at adherens junctions is regulated to integrate external forces arising from changes in germline size and shape. We find that overall tension in the epithelium decreases despite pronounced growth of enclosed germline cells, suggesting that the epithelium relaxes to accommodate growth. However, we find local differences in adherens junction tension correlate with apposition to germline nurse cells or the oocyte. We demonstrate that medial Myosin II coupled to corrugating adherens junctions resists nurse cell-derived forces and thus maintains apical surface areas and cuboidal cell shapes. Furthermore, medial reinforcement of the apical surface ensures cuboidal-to-columnar cell shape transitions and imposes circumferential constraints on nurse cells guiding organ elongation. Our study provides insight into how tension within an adherens junction network integrates growth of a neighbouring tissue, mediates cell shape transitions and channels growth into organ elongation.

Neonatal Clara cell toxicity by 4-ipomeanol alters bronchiolar organization in adult rabbits

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. L485-L498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzette M. Smiley-Jewell ◽  
Susan J. Nishio ◽  
Alison J. Weir ◽  
Charles G. Plopper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Ultrastructure ◽  
Clara Cell ◽  
Environmental Toxicants ◽  
Clara Cells ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Early Injury ◽  
Bronchiolar Epithelium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Nonciliated bronchiolar (Clara) cells metabolize environmental toxicants, are progenitor cells during development, and differentiate postnatally. Because differentiating Clara cells of neonatal rabbits are injured at lower doses by the cytochrome P-450-activated cytotoxicant 4-ipomeanol than are those of adults, the impact of early injury on the bronchiolar epithelial organization of adults was defined by treating neonates (3–21 days) and examining them at 4–6 wk. Bronchiolar epithelium of 6-wk-old animals treated on day 7 was most altered from that of control animals. Almost 100% of the bronchioles were lined by zones of squamous epithelial cells. Compared with control animals, the distal bronchiolar epithelium of 4-ipomeanol-treated animals had more squamous cells (70–90 vs. 0%) with a reduced overall epithelial thickness (25% of control value), fewer ciliated cells (0 vs. 10–20%), a reduced expression of Clara cell markers of differentiation (cytochrome P-4502B, NADPH reductase, and 10-kDa protein), and undifferentiated nonciliated cuboidal cell ultrastructure. We conclude that early injury to differentiating rabbit Clara cells by a cytochrome P-450-mediated toxicant inhibits bronchiolar epithelial differentiation and greatly affects repair.

scholarly journals Cerebrospinal Fluid Secretion by the Choroid Plexus

2013 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1847-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helle H. Damkier ◽  
Peter D. Brown ◽  
Jeppe Praetorius
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Cell Monolayer ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Secretion

The choroid plexus epithelium is a cuboidal cell monolayer, which produces the majority of the cerebrospinal fluid. The concerted action of a variety of integral membrane proteins mediates the transepithelial movement of solutes and water across the epithelium. Secretion by the choroid plexus is characterized by an extremely high rate and by the unusual cellular polarization of well-known epithelial transport proteins. This review focuses on the specific ion and water transport by the choroid plexus cells, and then attempts to integrate the action of specific transport proteins to formulate a model of cerebrospinal fluid secretion. Significant emphasis is placed on the concept of isotonic fluid transport across epithelia, as there is still surprisingly little consensus on the basic biophysics of this phenomenon. The role of the choroid plexus in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance in the central nervous system is discussed, and choroid plexus dysfunctions are described in a very diverse set of clinical conditions such as aging, Alzheimer's disease, brain edema, neoplasms, and hydrocephalus. Although the choroid plexus may only have an indirect influence on the pathogenesis of these conditions, the ability to modify epithelial function may be an important component of future therapies.

scholarly journals Clear cell, giant myoepithelioma of tongue base: a diagnostic and surgical challenge

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e226764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Kumar Saravanam ◽  
Vinoth Manimaran ◽  
Rashmika Rajendran
Keyword(s):  
Clear Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Frozen Section ◽  
Excisional Biopsy ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Tongue Base ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Cuboidal Cell ◽  
Cell Variant ◽  
Clear Cell Variant

Clear cell variant is a rare histological type of myoepithelioma seen in parotid and soft palate. This article describes clear cell variant of myoepithelioma in the tongue base, which has not been reported in the literature so far. A 34-year-old man presented with dysphagia and foreign body sensation of throat. Video laryngostroboscopy using a 70° rigid telescope showed a smooth globular mass in the oropharynx arising from the tongue base. Based on clinical and radiological findings, the lesion was considered as benign. Fine needle aspiration cytology was not attempted fearing risk of bleeding, aspiration and airway compromise. Hence, an excisional biopsy followed by definitive histopathological examination without frozen section was planned. The patient underwent coblator-assisted excision and subsequently sent for histopathological analysis. There were cuboidal cell nests with abundant clear cytoplasm which stained positive for p63 by immunohistochemistry. This helped in establishing the diagnosis of clear cell myoepithelioma.

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