scholarly journals Multipurpose evaluation of the dairy cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Anastasiya Kartashova ◽  
Emiliya Firsova
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Murmansk Region ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Index Estimation

Abstract. The purpose of the investigation was a survey of the modern complex index estimation of dairy cattle in the countries of the European Union and the USA and developing of own principal scheme of multipurpose evaluation of animals due to prior received data of economic useful traits. As a result of the research, significant differences were revealed both between the significance of the groups of traits and between the numbers of evaluated indicators in different countries. This shows the diversity of interests of breeders and farmers. The prior analysis of indicators of economic useful traits of Holstein Kholmogorskiy cattle in the farms of the Murmansk region allowed to determine main directions of animal selection and to develop the algorithm of animal evaluation by complex of economic useful trait indices. The developed algorithm of complex evaluation for dairy cattle includes four evaluation blocks – indices of reproductive ability, longevity, and milk production, and, separately, milk yield. We propose to evaluate reproductive abilities by direct indicators and indirect indicators, for example, take into account exterior traits, and predisposed to abortion and female disorders. The evaluation of longevity includes indices of the exterior, accounted also a predisposition to four main groups of disease – udder disease, female disorders, aborts, lame. The milk productivity evaluation includes traits of the milk quality composition, the property of the lactation curve and characteristics of the udder from the exterior and predispose to udder diseases. In total, it is proposed to calculate the multipurpose evaluation of animals by 23 traits, including all aspects of health and productive features of dairy cattle. The scientific novelty of the research is the use of a mixed model affecting various indicators of productivity and longevity for assessing the main economical useful traits in the developed algorithm. The developed assessment system will allow to comprehensively improve the herd taking into account the current state of dairy cattle breeding in the Murmansk region.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EVALUATION RESULTS OF HOLSTEIN BLACK-MOTLEY BREEDING BULLS BY THEIR DAUGHTERS’ PRODUCTIVITY BASED ON OFFICIAL INSTRUCTIONS AND BLUP MODEL

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
K.ZH. ZHUMANOV ◽  
◽  
T.N. KARYMSAKOV ◽  
M.A. KINEEV ◽  
M.V. TAMAROVSKIY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Current Instruction ◽  
The Republic

According to the current “Instruction” used in dairy cattle selection and breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan, bulls-producers of dairy breeds are assessed according to the their offspring quality based on the principle of “peer daughter”. This means that the phenotypic indicators of the daughters of the tested bulls are compared with the corresponding indicators of their peers. In European countries with developed dairy cattle breeding, as well as in Canada, the USA, etc., to ensure a reliable forecast of the genetic value of individuals (primarily, bulls-producers), use is made of the best linear unbiased forecast method (BLUP method). This method implies that the breeding value of producers is determined by the deviation values of the development of traits of the examined animal from its average values in the population. Especially urgent area is the research aimed at improving breeding programs, including assessing the breeding value of bulls-producers of dairy breeds using BLUP methods based on the productive qualities of the mass of dairy cattle in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The research material included the data on the phenotypic indicators of the milk productivity of first-calf cows (the amount of milk yield, the content of fat and protein in milk, the yield of milk fat and protein) of the Holstein black-motley dairy cattle breed, obtained from the information and analytical database of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2016–2017. It was found that when evaluating according to the official “Instruction”, 16 sires out of 256 bulls (6.2%) got the stud category in 2016, 14 sires (9.2%) out of 152 bulls in 2017, and – 30 sires of 249 bulls (12.0%) over the cumulative period. The results of the conducted research prove that the use of the classic “Instructions” in dairy cattle breeding has lower efficiency (by 42.8–90.0%) as compared with the assessment of the breeding value of bulls based on the BLUP method.The selection of sire bulls into breeding groups based on the “peer daughter” methodology is not reliable enough and rather ineffective. Comparing the results of assessing the breeding qualities of sire bulls, obtianed using two methods in all compared periods (2016, 2017, 2016–2017), the authors established a clear superiority of the BLUP method over the current Instruction used in the Republic of Kazakhstan.

EPIZOOTOLOGICAL FEATURES OF MODERN CATTLE LEUKEMIA

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
V. V. Makarov ◽  
D. A. Lozovoy
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Negative Order ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Epizootic Process ◽  
National Programs

  Enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL) has been known for more than a century and a half. Its occurrence and registration may have historically been associated with intensive breeding of dairy cattle in Western Europe to increase target productivity. It is known that any limiting intervention in the nature of the animal organism is always accompanied by an uncontrolled and unpredictable change in the genotype of a wider range than the required, particularly negative order. In particular, a decrease in the resistance to macroorganisms and the possibility of the new diseases emergence, including infectious ones (for example, immunodeficiencies such as BLAD syndrome of black-motley cattle and stress syndrome in pigs, the occurrence of scrapie and other slow sheep infections). In the last two decades of the last century, in many disadvantaged countries, primarily Western European, national programs for the eradication of EBL have been developed and subsequently successfully implemented. First of all the motivation was the economy of dairy cattle breeding (mainly the extension of productive age, as well as the tightening of requirements in international trade in cattle and bull products, breeding, pricing, etc.). In an analytical article are reviewed the elements of epizootology of EBL in the foreign countries with special attention to the situation in the USA, scenarios of various control programs, and promising methods for assessing the role of infected animals in the epizootic process. A critical assessment of the problem of EBL in the Russian Federation is given, the reasons for the ineffectiveness of against leucosis measures are discussed.

The development potential of Russian cattle breeding

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Vladimir I. Chinarov
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
Bull Semen ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lost Potential

Production intensification at Russian cattle breeding was accompanied by negative trends in herd reproduction. Over a ten-year period, the productivity of the controlled dairy herd (more than 1.6 million heads) increased by 51.9%, and the average age of cows culling decreased from 5.3 to 4.6 years, which was the result of reduction in the period of animals productive use by 18.1%. Ignoring these objective processes and the lack of due attention to the breeding of cattle breeds with a higher productive longevity has led to the fact that at many herds of our country even simple reproduction is not provided. Repairing of the main herd is largely provided by purchased heifers, most of which are imported. The annual import volumes of breeding heifers increased by 81% and reached 72.6 thousand heads in 2019. At the same time, the import of bull semen is increasing, mainly (93.5%) of the Holstein breed from the USA, where the breeding with a limited number of bulls has been carried out for several decades, which is a consequence of the genetic weakening of the offspring and becomes the main cause of early cows culling. As a result, the number of cows at Russian dairy cattle breeding has decreased by 33.9% for ten years, the productivity at all categories of farms has increased only by 24.2% that led to reduction of milk production by 555 thousand tons. This process has not yet become irreversible, and the restoration of the lost potential at domestic cattle breeding is possible due to development of the breeding base of zoned cattle breeds.

scholarly journals 301 Methods of genome-wide association studies and their applications in dairy cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 31-31
Author(s):  
Li Ma
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

Abstract Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has been widely used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) of complex traits and diseases since 2007. To date, the human GWAS catalog has accumulated 4,410 publications and 172,351 associations, and the animal QTLdb has curated 983 publications and 130,407 QTLs for cattle, largest in livestock species. During the past 13 years of development, GWAS methods has evolved from simple linear regression, using principal components to address sample relatedness, mixed models, to Bayesian full model approaches. These methods have their advantages and limitations, so it is important to choose an appropriate method, especially for studies in livestock where sample size is often limited. Note that the most popular GWAS approach, the mixed model method, originated from animal breeding and genetics research. Leveraging the national cattle genomic database at the Council on Dairy Cattle Breeding (CDCB), we have conducted GWAS analyses of various dairy traits to identify QTLs and SNP markers of importance. Combining with sequence and functional annotation data, we seek to understand the genetic basis of complex traits and to reveal useful knowledge that can be incorporated into more accurate genomic predictions in the future.

scholarly journals Productive and Reproductive Qualities of Yaroslavl Cows and Their Crossbreeds with Holstein Breed

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.И. Зубкова ◽  
А.В. Жерносенко
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding

Рассмотрены молочная продуктивность и воспроизводительные качества коров ярославской породы и их помесей с голштинской породой в зависимости от продолжительности сервис-периода в стаде одного из сельскохозяйственных предприятий Ярославской области. Из стада предприятия были отобраны 304 головы коров, закончивших три лактации, из них 79 голов ярославской породы и 225 голов помесей с голштинской породой. По результатам исследований наиболее высокую продуктивность молока за 305 дней лактации имели коровы ярославской породы с продолжительностью сервис-периода 110–129 дней (6399,7 кг), по помесным коровам наивысшая продуктивность наблюдалась с продолжительностью сервис-периода 70–89 дней (7147,7 кг). Удельный вес плодотворного осеменения в течение 89 дней после отёла у коров ярославской породы был равен 50,6%, у помесных животных – 38,2%. Исследования показали, что при коротком сервис-периоде резко возрастает выход телят в расчёте на 100 коров. При сервис-периоде продолжительностью 130 дней и более на одну корову в год приходится лишь 77,1–77,3 телёнка, а при сервис-периоде в 50 дней и менее – 113,4–113,2 телёнка. Такую же тенденцию имеют показатели коэффициента воспроизводительной способности: при продолжительности сервис-периода 130 и более дней – 0,77; при продолжительности сервис-периода до 50 дней – 1,13. Расчёт экономического ущерба от яловости коров в исследуемом хозяйстве показал, что снижение надоя молока на одну голову составляет 668 кг, а по стаду в целом – 556444 кг. Таким образом, хозяйство недополучает денежной выручки от снижения выхода продукции молочного скотоводства по причине яловости коров в размере порядка 12584 тысяч рублей. The milk producing ability and reproductive qualities of cows of the Yaroslavl breed and their crossbreeds with Holstein breed have been considered depending on the duration of the service period in a herd of one of the agricultural enterprises of the Yaroslavl region. 304 head of cows that completed three lactations were selected from the herd of the enterprise of which 79 heads of the Yaroslavl breed and 225 heads of crossbreeds with the Holstein breed. According to the research results the highest milk productivity for 305 days of lactation were in cows of the Yaroslavl breed with a service period of 110–129 days (6399.7 kg), in crossbred cows the highest productivity was observed with a service period of 70–89 days (7147.7 kg). The specific weight of fruitful insemination within 89 days after calving in cows of the Yaroslavl breed was 50.6%, in cross-breeding animals – 38.2%. Researches have shown that with a short service period calf yields per 100 cows have increased dramatically. For a service period of 130 days or more only 77.1–77.3 calves per cow per year and for a service period of 50 days or less 113.4–113.2 calves. The same trend has indicators of the coefficient of reproductive ability: with a service period of 130 or more days – 0.77, with a service period of up to 50 days – 1.13. The calculation of the economic damage from infertility of cows on the farm under research showed that the decrease in milk yield per head was 668 kg and for the herd as a whole – 556444 kg. Thus, the farm receives less than due cash proceeds from a decrease in the output of dairy cattle breeding due to the infertility of cows in the amount of approximately 12584 thousand rubles.

scholarly journals The effect of immunogenetic factors on productive longevity and reproductive qualities of cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00072
Author(s):  
Lyubov Efimova ◽  
Elena Gatilova ◽  
Evgeny Ivanov ◽  
Vera Tereshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Fertility Index ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Economic Use

Increasing the productive longevity of cows with high reproductive ability is an urgent task in dairy cattle breeding both in Russia and foreign countries. Research was conducted in Krasnoyarsk region. The object was retired cows (n = 484). The blood groups of cows, indicators of productive longevity, and reproductive ability of cows were studied. The number of antigen carriers and non-carriers (frequency 30.0% and more) was analyzed. Out of 21 antigens with a frequency of more than 30.0%, the most frequently encountered antigens were E (80.6%), H` (77.5%), L (58.5%), W (57.6 %), A2 (57.0%), Z (54.1%), C (52.5%) and X2 (50.4%). The cows carrying O1 antigen had the highest productive longevity, – the difference from the cows not carrying this antigen by the retirement and lactation age was 0.8 years (p <0.001), and the period of economic use was 9.5 months (p <0.001), life-long milk yield was 3852 kg (p <0.001). Cows carrying antigens G3, O1, and L` had the best reproductive ability. In carriers of antigens O1, G3, and E`3, the service period was lower by 22.9; 20.3 and 18.9 days (p <0.05), and the fertility index was higher by 1.8; 1.6 and 1.7 units (p <0.05). In cows carrying L` antigen, the service period was shorter by 16.9 days (p <0.05).

scholarly journals A note on inbreeding in dairy cattle breeding

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
G. Freyer ◽  
J. Hernández-Sánchez ◽  
B. G. Cassell
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Usa ◽  
East German

Abstract. Starting from the study at the beginning of the East German "Heterosisfeldversuch", where PANICKE et al. (1975) considered the possibilities of a targeted use of inbreeding and heterotic effects, we show and discuss results of inbreeding studies in the USA dairy cattle breeding. Several research groups worldwide presented effective tools for managing inbreeding in dairy cattle. Their efforts underline the need of inbreeding studies. Contemplating inbreeding is necessary for any breeding decision to avoid inbreeding depression and for improved genetic analyses, e.g. in QTL- estimation. A novel methodology (HERNANDEZ-SANCHEZ et al., 2004a and b) is suggested for estimating inbreeding at the three levels of population, individual and locus.

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