scholarly journals Historical Forms of Religious Leadership Based on Jewish Traditions

2009 ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
L.M. Moskalenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Social System ◽  
Spiritual Leadership ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Stable System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Spiritual Leader

The basic structural units of society, as a highly organized social system, are social institutions, which allow to create a strong and stable system of relations between people, to form a social order. Leadership is one of the main elements that ensures the functioning of a social institute. The specific traits and particular attributes of political leadership are actively explored by scholars, while spiritual leadership with its particular characteristics remains unaddressed. In the modern world, the institute of leadership in Judaism has a significant impact on its followers, and therefore it is important to study the historical roots of this phenomenon, the mechanisms of influence of the leader on the followers of the current and directly determine the role of the spiritual leader in the preserved national traditions of Judaism.

The Kataragama Pilgrimage: Hindu-Buddhist Interaction and Its Significance in Sri Lanka's Polyethnic Social System

1979 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan Pfaffenberger
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Social System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Common Identity ◽  
Religious Lives ◽  
The Way

Tamil Hindu and Sinhalese Buddhist pilgrims gather each year at Sri Lanka's most important polyethnic shrine, Kataragama, where they worship the deity Skanda (or Murukanṉ). The remarkable tone of ecumenism and tolerance there stands in clear contrast to the mutual mistrust which has recently characterized Tamil-Sinhalese interaction in other social institutions. Does Kataragama help to quell mistrust and to create a bond of common identity between Hindus and Buddhists? The role of Kataragama in Sri Lanka's poly-ethnic social system is examined by comparing the role of the Kataragama pilgrimage in the religious lives of Hindu and Buddhist villagers. These roles are radically different; indeed, most Hindu and Buddhist pilgrims find themselves in disagreement about the qualities of the deity and about the way he ought to be worshipped. Despite the appearance of ethnic harmony at the site, pilgrims are today likely to leave with a sharp impression of the gulf that separates Tamil and Sinhalese people in Sri Lanka—yet there is evidence that the site may come to play a different role in the future.

scholarly journals The problem of social trust in the context of system methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Zoya Dmitrievna Denikina ◽  
Pirmagomed Shikhmagomedovich Shikhgafizov ◽  
Aleksandr Valentinovich Sablukov ◽  
Vyacheslav Leonidovich Primakov ◽  
Valery Aleksandrovich Lapshov
Keyword(s):  
Systems Analysis ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Classical Systems ◽  
Internal Characteristic ◽  
The Social ◽  
System Methodology ◽  
Subjective Trust

The article examines the epistemological status of the phenomenon of social trust. The research purpose is to explicate the concept of trust in connection with the fundamental transformation of socio-historical practice and social knowledge. The priority methodological task is to study the problem within the framework of the system methodology evolution and consider the parameters of trust in the intervals of non-classical and post-non-classical systems analysis. The study is based on a philosophical-scientific paradigm approach. Epistemological situations of autonomous and conventional application of different paradigms are modeled in the study of the phenomenon of social trust. In non-classical systems analysis, social trust is an internal characteristic of a society-system in the mode of its correct functioning. Social trust is one of the social order mechanisms. Social trust is also associated with subjective trust, ordering the interaction of subjects. Intersubjective interactions entail the legitimation of the social order. The transformation of social trust in the modern world is associated with trends in the reduction of the role of normativity, the fragmentation of socio-historical existence. There appears augmented reality, which contains to a certain extent the elements of pseudo-being. Subjective social trust can no longer support holistic meanings. In a situation of change in epistemological attitudes to determine the specifics of social trust, a systems analysis of weakly and highly non-equilibrium states of the intersystem environment is promising. Social order formulas are still inadequate for modeling intersystem environmental states (relations between states, blocs, unions, etc.). Within the framework of the post-non-classical systemic methodology, social trust refers to the signs of social holism. Social trust contributes to the emergence of stable intersystem conditions, the formation of a regulatory environment, which becomes an acting unit. Social trust in all philosophical-scientific paradigms is indicative of the rationality of social-historical existence.

Gender Roles and the Role of Nature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Women's Education ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Natural Philosophy ◽  
Gender Norms ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Instability

Some scholars have argued that Cavendish was a feminist or proto-feminist. This chapter argues that Cavendish’s views on gender were actually quite conservative. Cavendish thought natural norms should guide people’s choices, and she believed women were naturally inferior to men. While Cavendish’s natural philosophy entails that natures are not fixed and that women are free to act differently than Nature prescribes, this chapter argues that Cavendish thought that violating gender norms would be irregular, unnatural, and a source of social instability. She believed women should conform to traditional feminine virtues and that women’s education should reinforce those virtues. Nonetheless, Cavendish also recognized how social institutions can limit women’s freedom. This chapter explores the complexities of Cavendish’s critique of one such institution, patriarchal marriage, arguing that despite her recognition that patriarchal marriages were nearly always bad for women, Cavendish believed marriage to be necessary for maintaining social order.

Islamist Social Institutions: Key Analytical Findings

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Roy
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Project ◽  
Sector Work ◽  
Social Level ◽  
Successes And Failures

This chapter analyzes the work and impact of the Islamist social sector, the nature of the Islamist social project, and the successes and failures of Islamist mobilization at the social level. Notably, during the Oslo period, the Islamic social sector acted as a brake on violence by creating a realm increasingly devoid of politics—a view that clearly runs against mainstream conceptions—helping to legitimize the social system rather than undermine it. Accordingly, the remainder of this chapter examines the nature of social Islam in Palestine, particularly the nature of Islamist mobilization and the role of the “secular versus the sacred” in social sector work.

scholarly journals Environmental ethics and the role of spiritual and moral values in crisis procedure

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 07015
Author(s):  
Rakhat Stamova ◽  
Asanbek Akmataliev ◽  
Damirbek Yrazakov ◽  
Nurzada Kambarova ◽  
Rustambek Salimov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
The State ◽  
General Situation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Moral Problem ◽  
The One ◽  
Good And Evil

The spiritual crisis in which the modern world is today is based not only on economic and political reasons, but, first of all, on moral reasons. Lack of spirituality and immorality reign in all social institutions of society and significantly affect the general situation in the country, where two moral realities have been formed, in which, on the one hand, the state publicly professes all the obligatory norms of civilized life, on the other hand - the “life of the state”, where these norms do not actually apply. The entire world community, including Kyrgyzstan, is offered a de-ideologized liberal standard as a universal model of the constitution of a state and a person, the essence of which is the priority of pragmatic interests over moral values. An important role in the formation of moral values and culture should be played by the mass media, which currently represent a kind of “cut” in which a person creates and structures himself through associations caused by the information environment. A moral problem can permanently paralyze a person’s ability to take positive action, to realize his capabilities, since it casts doubt on a person’s ability to adequately form his attitude towards Good and Evil.

Value-driven issues throughout the development of sociological theory

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Gulbarshyn Chepurko ◽  
Valerii Pylypenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social System ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The paper examines and compares how the major sociological theories treat axiological issues. Value-driven topics are analysed in view of their relevance to society in times of crisis, when both societal life and the very structure of society undergo dramatic change. Nowadays, social scientists around the world are also witnessing such a change due to the emergence of alternative schools of sociological thought (non-classical, interpretive, postmodern, etc.) and, subsequently, the necessity to revise the paradigms that have been existed in sociology so far. Since the above-mentioned approaches are often used to address value-related issues, building a solid theoretical framework for these studies takes on considerable significance. Furthermore, the paradigm revision has been prompted by technological advances changing all areas of people’s lives, especially social interactions. The global human community, integral in nature, is being formed, and production of human values now matters more than production of things; hence the “expansion” of value-focused perspectives in contemporary sociology. The authors give special attention to collectivities which are higher-order units of the social system. These units are described as well-organised action systems where each individual performs his/her specific role. Just as the role of an individual is distinct from that of the collectivity (because the individual and the collectivity are different as units), so too a distinction is drawn between the value and the norm — because they represent different levels of social relationships. Values are the main connecting element between the society’s cultural system and the social sphere while norms, for the most part, belong to the social system. Values serve primarily to maintain the pattern according to which the society is functioning at a given time; norms are essential to social integration. Apart from being the means of regulating social processes and relationships, norms embody the “principles” that can be applied beyond a particular social system. The authors underline that it is important for Ukrainian sociology to keep abreast of the latest developments in the field of axiology and make good use of those ideas because this is a prerequisite for its successful integration into the global sociological community.

POLIVARIABILITY OF THE BASTARD MOTIF IN THE SHORT STORIES BY GUY DE MAUPASSANT: CHARACTER IN SEARCH OF SELF-IDENTIFICATION

2018 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Oksana Galchuk
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Guy De Maupassant ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of It ◽  
Structural Methods

The theme of illegitimacy Guy de Maupassant evolved in his works this article perceives as one of the factors of the author’s concept of a person and the plane of intersection of the most typical motifs of his short stories. The study of the author’s concept of a person through the prism of polivariability of the motif of a bastard is relevant in today’s revision of traditional values, transformation of the usual social institutions and search for identities, etc. The purpose of the study is to give a definition to the existence specifics of the bastard motif in the Maupassant’s short stories by using historical and literary, comparative, structural methods of analysis as dominant. To do this, I analyze the content, variability and the role of this motive in the formation of the Maupassant’s concept of a person, the author’s innovations in its interpretation from the point of view of literary diachrony. Maupassant interprets the bastard motif in the social, psychological and metaphorical-symbolic sense. For the short stories with the presentation of this motif, I suggest the typology based on the role of it in the structure of the work and the ideological and thematic content: the short stories with a motif-fragment, the ones with the bastard’s leitmotif and the group where the bastard motif becomes a central theme. The Maupassant’s interpretation of the bastard motif combines the general tendencies of its existence in the world’s literary tradition and individual reading. The latter is the result of the author’s understanding of the relevant for the era issues: the transformation of the family model, the interest in the theory of heredity, the strengthening of atheistic sentiments, the growth of frustration in the system of traditional social and moral values etc. This study sets the ground for a prospective analysis of the evolution the bastard motif in the short-story collections of different years or a comparative study of the motif in short stories and novels by Maupassant.

Muscovy and the Tatars

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-431
Author(s):  
Bulat R. Rakhimzianov
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
East European ◽  
Central Eurasia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Forest Line ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This article explores relations between Muscovy and the so-called Later Golden Horde successor states that existed during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries on the territory of Desht-i Qipchaq (the Qipchaq Steppe, a part of the East European steppe bounded roughly by the Oskol and Tobol rivers, the steppe-forest line, and the Caspian and Aral Seas). As a part of, and later a successor to, the Juchid ulus (also known as the Golden Horde), Muscovy adopted a number of its political and social institutions. The most crucial events in the almost six-century-long history of relations between Muscovy and the Tatars (13–18th centuries) were the Mongol invasion of the Northern, Eastern and parts of the Southern Rus’ principalities between 1237 and 1241, and the Muscovite annexation of the Kazan and Astrakhan khanates between 1552 and 1556. According to the model proposed here, the Tatars began as the dominant partner in these mutual relations; however, from the beginning of the seventeenth century this role was gradually inverted. Indicators of a change in the relationship between the Muscovite grand principality and the Golden Horde can be found in the diplomatic contacts between Muscovy and the Tatar khanates. The main goal of the article is to reveal the changing position of Muscovy within the system of the Later Golden Horde successor states. An additional goal is to revisit the role of the Tatar khanates in the political history of Central Eurasia in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.

Hassan al-Turabi’s Religious Discourse on Faith, Renewal, and Ijtihād

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Gubara Said Hassan ◽  
Jabal M. Buaben
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Religious Movement ◽  
Political Leader ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
Religious Symbolism

The role of Islamic intellectuals is not confined to elaborating on the religious ideology of Islam. Equally important is their role in setting this religious ideology against other ideologies, sharpening and clarifying their differences, and thereby developing and intensifying one’s commitment to Islam as a distinct, divinely based ideology. Islam, as both a religion and an ideology, simultaneously mobilizes and transforms, legitimizes and preserves. It can be an instrument of power, a source and a guarantee of its legitimacy, as well as a tool to be used in the political struggle among social classes. Islam can also present a challenge to authority whenever the religious movement questions the existing social order during times of crisis and raises a rival power, as the current situation in Sudan vividly demonstrates. Throughout his political career, Hassan al-Turabi has resorted to religious symbolism in his public discourse and/or Islamic rhetoric, which could often be inflammatory and heavily reliant upon the Qur’an. This is, in fact, the embodiment of the Islamic quest for an ideal alternative. Our paper focuses on this charismatic and pragmatic religio-political leader of Sudan and the key concepts of his religious discourse: faith (īmān), renewal (tajdīd), and ijtihād(rational, independent, and legal reasoning).

TO SIGNIFICANCE OF ENGLISH IN THE MODERN WORLD*

2019 ◽  
pp. 310-312
Author(s):  
S.L. Mertsalova
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Modern World

The article considers the role of English language in the modern world. The spheres of human life in which English plays an important role are presented. A number of professions for which English is an integral part have been considered.

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