scholarly journals POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU (RTH) DI KECAMATAN SEBERANG ULU II KOTA PALEMBANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Yuli Rosianty ◽  
Innike Abdillah Fahmi ◽  
Delfy Lensari ◽  
Fredi Pernandes
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Plot Sampling ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
And Function ◽  
Albizia Saman ◽  
Modern Era

Green open space (RTH) is one of the most important elements in urban areas that can function to balance the ecological conditions in an area so that there is a balance between ecosystems and development developments in the modern era. But the pace of urban development often does not consider the existence of green space. Other than that, many people do not know the existence and function of green space, so it often looks like being ignored and not maintained. In this case, researchers are interested in identifying the potential presence of green open space in the Seberang Ulu II sub-district of Palembang. This study will collect data on the location of each green space in the Seberang Ulu II sub-district, identification of existing vegetation types, estimation of carbon storage, and the level of understanding of the Seberang Ulu II community on the existence and function of green space. The method used is to use plot sampling to determine the level of diversity of green space and the distribution of questionnaires to determine the level of community understanding. The results showed that the area of green open space in the Seberang Ulu II sub-district was only 1.88% of the total area. From the open green space location in Seberang Ulu II Subdistrict, there are 33 species of green open vegetation plants. Where Angsana plants (Pterocarpus indicus), trembesi (Albizia saman), palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), Glodogantiang (Polyathea longifolia) and palm (Mascarena sp) become a plant that dominates and has the highest INP value.Ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) merupakan salah satu elemen terpenting di perkotaan yang dapat berfungsi untuk menyeimbangkan keadaan ekologi pada suatu kawasan agar terjadi keseimbangan antara ekosistem dan perkembangan pembangunan di era modern.  Tetapi, laju pembangunan perkotaan seringkali tidak mempertimbangkan keberadaan RTH. Selain itu,  banyak masyarakat yang tidak mengetahui keberadaan dan fungsi RTH sehingga sering terlihat seperti terabaikan dan tidak terpelihara. Dalam hal ini peneliti tertarik untuk mengidentifikasi potensi keberadaan RTH di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu II Kota Palembang. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan pendataan lokasi luas masing-masing RTH yang ada di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu II, identifikasi jenis vegetasi yang ada, dan estimasi simpanan karbon, serta tingkat pemahaman msyarakat Seberang Ulu II terhadap keberadaan dan fungsi RTH. Metode yang digunakan adalah menggunakan plot sampling untuk mengetahui tingkat keanekaragaman RTH dan penyebaran kuesioner untuk mengetahui tingkat pemahaman masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luasan RTH di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu II hanya sebesar 1,88% dari luasan wilayahnya. Dari lokasi RTH yang tersebar di Kecamatan Seberang Ulu II terdapat 33 jenis tanaman penyusun vegetasi RTH dimana tanaman angsana (Pterocarpus indicus), trembesi (Albizia saman), sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), glodogantiang (Polyathea longifolia) dan palem (Mascarena sp) menjadi tanaman yang mendominasi dan memiliki nilai INP tertinggi.

scholarly journals Nourishing and protecting our urban ‘green’ space in a post-pandemic world

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Christopher Rodgers
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Cultural Ecosystem Services ◽  
Planning Policy ◽  
Urban Commons

‘Green spaces’ provide important cultural ecosystem services in our towns and cities. ‘Green’ space may come in many forms – for example parks, village greens, urban commons, or just neglected and undeveloped wasteland. But all of it is important as it can provide much needed space for open air recreation and exercise in crowded urban areas. The covid-19 pandemic and associated lockdown has shown just how important it is for us to have easy access to open space for recreation and exercise. But much of our green space is, in an age of austerity, under threat. Covid-19 has shown that we need to reappraise planning policy for the designation and protection of new areas of green space in our urban environment; to better protect existing open space, including village greens and commons; and to seek to rebalance planning policy to ensure that the drive for new housing does not take place at the expense of ensuring that adequate green space is provided for existing and future communities.

scholarly journals THE CHALLENGES OF PLANNING AND DESIGNING URBAN GREEN NETWORKS IN SCANDINAVIAN AND CHINESE CITIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Xiu ◽  
Maria Ignatieva ◽  
Cecil Konijnendijk van den Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Water System ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Network Concept ◽  
Planning Concepts

During the 20th century, a variety of concepts were developed aimed to provide frameworks for green space planning and design in urban areas. Both China and Scandinavia represent important experience in green space planning and management. However, none of the current concepts is generated based on the explicit combination of both a Western and Eastern context. In this paper, based on the analysis of various green space planning concepts and their development, a novel “hybrid’ approach is introduced. This “Green Network’ concept focuses on green and blue connectivity in urban areas and comprises the network of green spaces and the surface water system within and around settlements. The concept offers a platform for integrating best practices from Scandinavian and Chinese open space planning and can provide a guiding tool for sustainable urban development.

scholarly journals Pembangunan Geodatabase Ruang Terbuka Hijau Kota Bandung

2018 ◽  
Vol 2016 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feri Naldi ◽  
Indrianawati
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The City

ABSTRAKKota Bandung merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia dengan tingkat pembangunan dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang cukup pesat, akibatnya di Kota Bandung terjadi penurunan daya dukung lingkungan hidup. Salah satu kegiatan yang dapat digunakan untuk memberikan informasi dalam menjaga keseimbangan ekologi Kota Bandung adalah dengan inventarisasi keberadaan dan ketersediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) melalui pembangunan geodatabase RTH. Penyediaan RTH pada suatu kawasan perkotaan telah diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum Nomor 05/PRT/M/2008, dimana proporsi RTH yang harus disediakan pada wilayah perkotaan adalah minimal sebesar 30% dari total luas wilayah kota. Pembangunan geodatabase RTH dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan data spasial RTH dengan informasi tipologi RTH dan data foto/video RTH. Dari hasil pembangunan geodatabase dapat diketahui bahwa Kota Bandung mempunyai 22,59% RTH publik (3.802,5 Ha) dan 3,45% RTH privat (581,51 Ha) yang tersebar di seluruh Kota Bandung.Kata kunci: SIG, Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH), GeodatabaseABSTRACTBandung is one of the cities in Indonesia with the level of development and population growth quite rapidly. Consequently, the carrying capacity of the environment in Bandung is decrease. One of the activities that can be used to provide information in maintaining the ecological balance of Bandung is the inventory of the existence and availability of green open space through the geodatabase development of green open space. Provision of green space in an urban area has been regulated in the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works No. 05/PRT/M/2008, where the proportion of green open space should be provided in urban areas is a minimum of 30% of the total area of the city. Geodatabase development of green open space is done by integrating spatial data of green open spaces with information of green open space typology and data of photos/videos of green open space. Results from the geodatabase development showed that Bandung has 22.59% public green open space (3802.5 ha) and 3.45% private green open space (581.51 ha) which spread throughout the city of Bandung.Keywords: GIS, Green Open Space, Geodatabase

scholarly journals Urban Gardening and Green Space Governance: Towards New Collaborative Planning Practices

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Nikolaidou ◽  
Tanja Klöti ◽  
Simone Tappert ◽  
Matthias Drilling
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
Urban Gardening ◽  
The One ◽  
Public Green Space

In the context of urban densification and central urban areas’ lack of open spaces, new forms of small-scale urban gardening practices have emerged. These gardening practices respond to urban pressures and open new modes of green space governance, presenting alternative and multifunctional ways to manage and revitalise cities. Focusing on the case of Geneva, the article unfolds two levels of discussion. On the one hand—and with reference to the theorist Habermas—it examines how multiple actors with different interests interplay and cooperate with each other in order to negotiate over open space, while discussing implications for local politics and planning. On the other hand, it describes how these negotiations result in new, innovative, and hybrid forms of public green space. The main findings indicate emerging forms of collaboration, partnerships, and governance patterns that involve public and private sectors and increase participation by civil society actors. Cooperation amongst several interested groups and the collective re-invention of public urban spaces increase these spaces’ accessibility for multiple users and actors, as well as present possibilities for alternative and diversified uses and activities. This might underline the hypothesis that future cities will be governed in less formalised ways, and that urban forms will be created through spontaneous, temporary, mobile, and adaptive negotiation processes.

scholarly journals Kajian Pengaruh Sistem Drainase dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Eksisting pada Kawasan Ruas Jalan Utama Kota Malang (Suatu Upaya Pengendalian Genangan Di Daerah Perkotaan)

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Laksni Sedyowati ◽  
Ery Suhartanto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Urban Drainage System ◽  
Runoff Discharge

Kajian Pengaruh Sistem Drainase dan Ruang Terbuka Hijau Eksisting pada Kawasan Ruas Jalan Utama Kota Malang (Suatu Upaya Pengendalian Genangan Di Daerah Perkotaan)The Influence of Existing Drainege System Green Open Space to The Flooding in The Main Roads of Malang City (A Flooding Control Efforts In Urban Areas)Laksni Sedyowati1 & Ery Suhartanto21Program Doktor Teknik Sipil, Minat Sumberdaya Air, Universitas Brawijaya,2Jurusan Teknik Pengairan, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas BrawijayaAlamat korespondensi : Alamat korespondensi : Jln. MT. Haryono, No 167 MalangEmail: 1)[email protected] new paradigm of urban drainage system puts the city infrastructure based on the concept of environmentally sound drainage system or sustainable. It is necessary to retain the rain water in the area to enlarge the amount of water that infiltrate into the soil through natural or artificial recharge area. Research problem is how the influence of the existing drainage system and the green open space (RTH) to the runoff discharge. The study design is in the form of field observations and analytical activities: analysis of the characteristics of rain with a variety of 10-year historical data; land cover analysis and capacity of the existing green space; analysis of the capacity of the existing drainage system; analysis of the total runoff discharge and discharge runoff that are not controlled by the existing drainage system and RTH. The results showed that the total capacity of existing drainage systems and green space of 36,066 m3/sec. The amount of discharge that is not controlled on the time period of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 year, respectively: 11.95 m3/s; 20.28 m3/s; 30.82 m3/s; 38.68 m3/s; 46.56 m3/s. Uncontrolled runoff discharge causing flooding on roads in the study area with the water level between 22-35 cm.Keywords: Sustainable Urban Drainage System, Green Open Space, Runoff DischargeAbstrakParadigma baru sistem drainase menempatkan drainase perkotaan sebagai prasarana kota yang dilandaskan pada konsep drainase yang berwawasan lingkungan atau berkelanjutan. Untuk itu perlu diupayakan agar air hujan yang jatuh ditahan terlebih dulu untuk memperbesar jumlah air yang meresap ke dalam tanah melalui daerah resapan alamiah maupun buatan. Permasalahan yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pengaruh sistem drainase dan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) eksisting terhadap debit limpasan, sebagai dasar pengembangan RTH yang merupakan alternatif sistem drainase berkelanjutan. Metode penelitian berupa observasi lapangan dan analitik dengan tahapan kegiatan: analisis karakteristik hujan dengan berbagai kala ulang menggunakan data historis 10 tahun terakhir; analisis tutupan lahan dan kapasitas ruang terbuka hijau eksisting; analisis kapasitas sistem drainase eksisting; analisis debit limpasan total dan debit limpasan yang tidak dikendalikan oleh sistem drainase dan RTH eksisting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa apasitas total sistem drainase dan RTH eksisting sebesar 36,066 m3/detik. Besarnya debit yang tidak dikendalikan pada kala ulang 5 thn, 10 thn, 25 thn, 50 thn dan 100 thn berturut-turut sebesar 11,95 m3/dt; 20,28 m3/dt ; 30,82 m3/dt; 38,68 m3/dt; 46,56 m3/dt. Debit limpasan yang tidak terkendali menyebabkan terjadinya genangan di ruas jalan pada daerah studi dengan tinggi genangan antara 22 - 35 cm.Kata kunci: sistem drainase berkelanjutan, ruang terbuka hijau, debit limpasan

scholarly journals Infestation of Palm Trees by Triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in the State of Bahia, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves ◽  
Gilmar Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Eraldo Medeiros da Costa Neto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
The State ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Triatoma Sordida ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Suitable Habitats

Palm trees play important roles as breeding and foraging habitats for sylvatic triatomines, vectors of Chagas disease. The occurrence of triatomines in peridomestic palm trees may increase the risk of invasion in households and should therefore be considered to develop prevention strategies. In order to investigate the infestation of palm trees by triatomines in the state of Bahia and to determine their natural infection with Trypanosoma spp., we sampled 183 palms in 12 municipalities between 2006 and 2011 using manual capture and/or mouse-baited adhesive traps. Triatomines were detected in 79 palms (43%) such as Copernicia prunifera, (Mart.) Becc., Mauritia flexuosa L. and Attalea spp. (Attalea burretiana Bondar or Attalea salvadorensis Glassman). In other palm species (Syagrus coronata (Mill) H.E. Moore, Attalea funifera Mart ex. Spreng, and Elaeis guineensis Jacq) triatomines were not detected. Rhodnius neglectus Lent, Triatoma sordida (Stål), and Triatoma pseudomaculata Corrêa & Espínola occurred in C. prunifera along the São Francisco River. In western Bahia, R. neglectus and Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg were detected in M. flexuosa, while Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto) occurred in Attalea sp. in urban areas of Salvador on the coast of Bahia. Overall, 180 triatomines were captured, mainly R. neglectus. T. tibiamaculata had the highest rate of natural infection (61%). The results indicate that at least three species of palms are suitable habitats for triatomines in the state of Bahia and occur in peridomestic environment, what may enhance the probability of triatomine invasion into houses. Infestação de Palmeiras por Triatomíneos (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) no Estado da Bahia, Brasil Resumo. As palmeiras desempenham papéis importantes como habitats de reprodução e alimentação para triatomíneos silvestres, vetores da doença de Chagas. A ocorrência de triatomíneos em palmeiras peridomiciliares pode aumentar o risco de invasão desses insetos em domicílios e deve ser considerada para desenvolver estratégias de prevenção. Com objetivo de investigar a infestação de palmeiras por triatomíneos no Estado da Bahia e determinar a infecção natural desses insetos por Trypanosoma spp., foram amostradas 183 palmeiras em 12 municípios entre 2006 e 2011 utilizando captura manual e/ou armadilhas adesivas iscadas com camundongos. Os triatomíneos foram detectados em 79 palmeiras (43%) das espécies Copernicia prunifera (Mart.) Becc., Mauritia flexuosa L. e Attalea spp. (Attalea burretiana Bondar ou Attalea salvadorensis Glassman). Em outras espécies de palmeiras (Syagrus coronata (Mill) H.E. Moore, Attalea funifera Mart ex. Spreng e Elaeis guineensis Jacq) não foram detectados triatomíneos. Rhodnius neglectus Lent, Triatoma sordida (Stål), e Triatoma pseudomaculata Corrêa & Espínola ocorreram em C. prunifera ao longo do rio São Francisco. No extremo oeste da Bahia, R. neglectus e Psammolestes tertius Lent & Jurberg foram detectados em M. flexuosa, enquanto Triatoma tibiamaculata (Pinto) ocorreu em Attalea sp. em áreas urbanas de Salvador. No total, 180 triatomíneos foram capturados, principalmente R. neglectus. A maior taxa de infecção natural (61%) foi observada em T. tibiamaculata. Os resultados indicam que pelo menos três espécies de palmeiras são habitats favoráveis para triatomíneos no estado da Bahia e ocorrem no ambiente peridomiciliar, o que pode aumentar a probabilidade de invasão de triatomíneos nas casas.

scholarly journals Perlakuan Lokasi Penanaman dan Pemberian Pupuk KCl terhadap Serangan Cendawan Patogen pada Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Main �Nursery

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Nurul Hidayati ◽  
Pienyani Rosawanti ◽  
Sayuti Sayuti
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Location Factors ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Open Land ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
Planting System

Pathogen attacks often occur on oil palm plants, particularly on the central nursery. Factors that affect the attack are plant and environmental factors. This study aims to determine the location of planting (temperature and humidity) and the administration of KCL fertilizer on the invasion of fungal pathogens on oil palm plants (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) In nurseries (Main - nursery). This research was carried out on Jalan Jendral Sudirman Km. 9, Pasir Putih Village, Baamang District, East Kotawaringin Regency, Sampit. The testing of palm oil seedling samples was carried out at the Plant Quarantine Laboratory, Palangka Raya Class II Agricultural Quarantine Center. The design of this study was Split Plots Design. The planting location factors were considered to be more influential, so they are placed as main plots with three levels, namely the location of the greenhouse, open space and using 80% paranet and KCL fertilizer as a subplot with two levels. Each plot was compiled with RAL with four replications. The results of the study obtained both planting systems, environmental factors in the form of temperature and humidity, as well as giving KCl fertilizer as a whole have a significant effect on the growth of fungal pathogens on oil palm plants. In cultivating oil palm plants, it is recommended to use the planting system in open land by providing KCl fertilizer.

scholarly journals Implementation of Land Procurement for Public Green Open Space Development in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Damianus Krismantoro ◽  
Vincentius Hari Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Urban Green Space ◽  
City Government ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Urban Green ◽  
Smoke Pollution ◽  
Yogyakarta City

The provision of land to build green open spaces in urban areas as in the city of Yogyakarta is important considering that the increasing activities of urban communities will cause various environmental problems, such as an increase in vehicle smoke pollution, a decrease in the quality and quantity of groundwater, flooding, and so on. This study aims to determine how the implementation of land acquisition for the construction of public green open space in Yogyakarta City and the obstacles that arise in land acquisition for the construction of public green open space. This research is a type of empirical juridical research, which begins with understanding the legal rules or norms governing green open spaces in urban areas. Because of the limited land available to build this Public Urban Green Space, what the Yogyakarta City Government does is one of the ways to acquire land to build Public Urban Green Space is to buy people's land as allowed in the Land Acquisition Law and its implementing regulations.

scholarly journals KAJIAN POTENSI PEMAKAMAN SEBAGAI RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU PERKOTAAN, STUDI KASUS: TPU KOTA PONTIANAK

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustiah Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Function ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Green Space ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Urban Open Space ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) pada saat ini banyak mengalami perubahan fungsi menjadi lahan terbangun. Tidak dipungkiri lagi bahwa RTH di banyak kota di Indonesia sudah beralih fungsi menjadi kawasan pemukiman, perhotelan, restauran, pertokoan, perkantoran, jalan raya, tempat parkir, pompa bensin, tempat pedagang kaki lima dan kawasan lainnya. Hal ini menciptakan kelangkaan RTH di banyak daerah perkotaan di Indonesia. Proses perencanaan kota yang berwawasan lingkungan sangat diperlukan di seluruh wilayah perkotaan di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan ruang terbuka yang selama ini belum atau kurang dimanfaatkan harus lebih dimaksimalkan lagi pemanfaatannya, seperti tempat pemakaman. Pemakaman merupakan salah satu bentuk ruang terbuka kota yang belum efektif pemanfaatannya sebagai RTH. Karakteristik dan jenis makam yang ada di Indonesia seperti  tempat pemakaman umum (TPU) dan tempat pemakaman khusus (TPK) memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai ruang terbuka hijau. Pemanfaatan tempat pemakaman umum sebagai RTH dilakukan dengan membandingkan variabel-variabel dari tiap indikator  fungsi RTH, seperti fungsi sosial, fungsi fisik, dan fungsi estetika.  Kesimpulan yang dihasilkan berdasarkan fungsi fisik RTH kawasan pemakaman saat ini masih belum ada kawasan pemakaman umum yang secara optimal dapat berfungsi sebagai RTH. Kawasan Pemakaman yang memenuhi fungsi sosial  RTH  adalah TPU Islam, TPU Kristen, dan TPU tionghoa.  Sedangkan  Fungsi estetika  RTH dapat dipenuhi oleh tempat pemakaman Kristen dan Tionghoa. Green open space has now been changed into buildings. urban green space has been converted into residential areas, hotels, restaurants, shops, offices, highways, parking lots, gas stations, street vendors and other areas. This creates a dearth of green space in many urban areas in Indonesia. Ecological city planning is indispensable in all urban areas in Indonesia. Utilization of open space should be maximized ecologically. Cemetery is one of the urban open space that has not been effectively utilized as a green space. Characteristics cemetery in Indonesia as a public cemetery and the private cemetery have advantages and disadvantages for use as green open space. Analysis of the utilization of public cemeteries as open green space is done by comparing the variables of each indicator function of green open space, such as a social function, physical function, and aesthetic functions. The resulting conclusion is that no area of the public cemetery that optimally meets the physical function as green open space. Cemetery area which fulfills a social function of green open space is the Islamic cemetery, Christian cemetery, and Chinese cemetery. While the aesthetic function can be fulfilled by  Christian Cemetery dan Tionghoa cemetery

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