How to improve the immune system naturally in Pandemi COVID-19?

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
Hikayati
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Manufacturing Methods

Covid-19 has become a world pandemic. In indonesia, surveillance data until october 2020 reported that the average incidence of covid-19 was 3,978 new cases per day in 502 districts from 34 provinces (who, 2020). About 80% of cases with mild symptoms can recover without special treatment, but not all covid-19 patients show signs and symptoms, this is thought to be influenced by the strength of the individual's immune system. Patients who have comorbidities such as diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, pulmonary disease and other chronic diseases will worsen the condition of the immune system. As it is known that the disease caused by the corona virus is a self-limiting disease that will heal itself with a good immune system. Immunity are all mechanisms that the body uses to protect against invading foreign substances or pathogens through an immune response mechanism which is divided into 2 phases : natural immune response (innate immunity) and adaptive immunity. Several ways can be done to improve the imune system. Natural immunity utilizes spices and herbal ingredients which are indonesia's natural resources, as immunomodulators. This is based on several research results and evidence based. Apart from easy manufacturing methods, these ingredients are very easy to find around our environment.

scholarly journals The Mechanism of Stimulating and Mobilizing the Immune System Enhancing the Anti-Tumor Immunity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengguo Wu ◽  
Shang Li ◽  
Xiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Immunity ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
The Body ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Cell Components

Cancer immunotherapy is a kind of therapy that can control and eliminate tumors by restarting and maintaining the tumor-immune cycle and restoring the body’s normal anti-tumor immune response. Although immunotherapy has great potential, it is currently only applicable to patients with certain types of tumors, such as melanoma, lung cancer, and cancer with high mutation load and microsatellite instability, and even in these types of tumors, immunotherapy is not effective for all patients. In order to enhance the effectiveness of tumor immunotherapy, this article reviews the research progress of tumor microenvironment immunotherapy, and studies the mechanism of stimulating and mobilizing immune system to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we focused on immunotherapy against tumor microenvironment (TME) and discussed the important research progress. TME is the environment for the survival and development of tumor cells, which is composed of cell components and non-cell components; immunotherapy for TME by stimulating or mobilizing the immune system of the body, enhancing the anti-tumor immunity. The checkpoint inhibitors can effectively block the inhibitory immunoregulation, indirectly strengthen the anti-tumor immune response and improve the effect of immunotherapy. We also found the checkpoint inhibitors have brought great changes to the treatment model of advanced tumors, but the clinical treatment results show great individual differences. Based on the close attention to the future development trend of immunotherapy, this study summarized the latest progress of immunotherapy and pointed out a new direction. To study the mechanism of stimulating and mobilizing the immune system to enhance anti-tumor immunity can provide new opportunities for cancer treatment, expand the clinical application scope and effective population of cancer immunotherapy, and improve the survival rate of cancer patients.

scholarly journals Determination of the Role and Active Sites of PKC-Delta-Like from Lamprey in Innate Immunity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3357
Author(s):  
Yang Xu ◽  
Huan Zhao ◽  
Yang Tian ◽  
Kaixia Ren ◽  
Nan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Pkc Delta ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Catalytic Fragment

Protein kinase C-δ (PKC-δ) is an important protein in the immune system of higher vertebrates. Lampreys, as the most primitive vertebrates, have a uniquevariable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) immune system. PKC-δ-like is a crucial functional gene in lampreys and is highly expressed in their immune organs. In this study, lampreys were stimulated with different immunogens, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was found to increase the expression of PKC-δ-like. Overexpression of PKC-δ-like could also effectively activate the innate immune response. We further demonstrated that PKC-δ-like-CF, a catalytic fragment of PKC-δ-like, is responsible for activating the innate immune response, and Thr-211, which is Thr-419 of PKC-δ-like, was confirmed to be the key site affecting PKC-δ-like-CF activity. These results indicated that PKC-δ-like from lamprey may have an important role in the innate immune response.

scholarly journals Scientific Study: Enhancing Baby's Body Immunity Through the Javanese Tahnik Tradition

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Elfrida Nurutstsany ◽  
Hersy Fujiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Literacy Studies ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Know How ◽  
The People ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Sweet Foods ◽  
Simple Molecules

Existence of Javanese culture is still inherent in modern times with beliefs that cannot be abandoned. Tradition nyetaki is an expression of gratitude to God about the birth of a child. Based on the view of Islam, it is called tahnik, which is to chew dates until smooth and then put into the baby's mouth and rub it into the palate so that there are some dates that are swallowed. In addi tion to dates, foods that are commonly used are sweet foods. Tahnik is done by people who are considered experts in religious science or have a high spiritual spirit. In the basics saliva and mouth store various kinds of bacteria. The phenomenon that occurs due to the tradition of tahnik is to strengthen the baby's immunity. The research method is descriptive explorative qualitative. Data and sources are obtained through observation to the community and literacy studies from various valid reference sources. This study examines the local wisdom that is trusted by the people of Java about Islamic immunization. Cultural know-how involves dental peristalsis, oral amylase enzymes, and bacteria in the mouth. Positive bacteria in the tahnik process will move to the baby's stomach so as to stimulate natural immunity. The bacteria contained in the mouth will make the natural immune system, so the body is resistant to these bacteria. The mouth contains an amylase enzyme that can break down glucose. Baby's glucose needs are less than 20 mg/100 mL - 30 mg/100 mL of blood so that they are susceptible to contracting the disease. So, dates or sweet foods that contain carbohydrates break down into simple molecules and speed up the digestive process. The spiritual value of the power of prayer and public trust strengthens the baby's immune system.

scholarly journals β-Glucan and parasites

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Vetvicka ◽  
R. Fernandez-Botran
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Specific Immunity

Summary Immunosuppression caused by parasitic infections represents the foremost way by which the parasites overcome or escape the host’s immune response. Glucan is a well-established natural immunomodulator with the ability to significantly improve immune system, from innate immunity to both branches of specific immunity. Our review is focused on the possible role of glucan’s action in antiparasite therapies and vaccine strategies. We concluded that the established action of glucan opens a new window in treatment and protection against parasitic infections.

scholarly journals Herpes Zoster in Immunosuppressed Patients

2021 ◽  
pp. 674-680
Author(s):  
Akshad Wadbudhe ◽  
Smita Damke
Keyword(s):  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Multiple Infection ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patient ◽  
Varicella Zoster

Herpes zoster (HZ) is a disease caused by the activation of the virus in the latent phase. The name of the virus is varicella-zoster virus (VZV). This virus remains in the dorsal root ganglia, the collection of neuronal cell bodies. It is known as reactivation because it is a secondary infection. The main or the old infection is chickenpox; it generally occurs in the early stages of life. This secondary infection is caused in the later stages of life in old age patients; if the patient is immunocompromised, this type of infection can cause death or make the patient unconscious. But in the world, many people have a variety of standard or uncommon signs and symptoms of this disease based on their body, diet, area, or even genetic features. This Herpes Zoster acts on the immune response called cell-mediated immunity and decreases it rapidly with the advance of age of the person. In the coming years, the incidences of this disease are gradually increasing because of the weakening of the immune system. The incidences also happened in people with defective immunity of cell-mediated type or due to the abuse of certain drugs. The herpes zoster is caused to the immunosuppressed patient more quickly than the average population. As there is no immune system to defend the body, some secondary infections can also be induced in these conditions and lead to death. This multiple infection can make a differential diagnosis. This review explains and understands the herpes zoster virus causing different complications in the body and other clinical things related to immunocompromised patients.

scholarly journals Lifting the innate immune barriers to antitumor immunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla V Rothlin ◽  
Sourav Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Cell Functions

The immune system evolved for adequate surveillance and killing of pathogens while minimizing host damage, such as due to chronic or exaggerated inflammation and autoimmunity. This is achieved by negative regulators and checkpoints that limit the magnitude and time course of the immune response. Tumor cells often escape immune surveillance and killing. Therefore, disrupting the brakes built into the immune system should effectively boost the anticancer immune response. The success of anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 have firmly established this proof of concept. Since the response rate of anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 is still limited, there is an intense effort for the identification of new targets and development of approaches that can expand the benefits of immunotherapy to a larger patient pool. Additional T cell checkpoints are obvious targets; however, here we focus on the unusual suspects—cells that function to initiate and guide T cell activity. Innate immunity is both an obligate prerequisite for the initiation of adaptive immune responses and a requirement for the recruitment of activated T cells to the site of action. We discuss some of the molecules present in innate immune cells, including natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, endothelial cells and stromal cells, that can activate or enhance innate immune cell functions, and more importantly, the inhibitors or checkpoints present in these cells that restrain their functions. Boosting innate immunity, either by enhancing activator functions or, preferably, by blocking the inhibitors, may represent a new anticancer treatment modality or at least function as adjuvants to T cell checkpoint inhibitors.

Plant Phenolics and Lectins as Vaccine Adjuvants

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 1236-1243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hernández-Ramos Reyna-Margarita ◽  
Castillo-Maldonado Irais ◽  
Rivera-Guillén Mario-Alberto ◽  
Ramírez-Moreno Agustina ◽  
Serrano-Gallardo Luis-Benjamín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Vaccine Adjuvants ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Foreign Substance

Background: The immune system is responsible for providing protection to the body against foreign substances. The immune system divides into two types of immune responses to study its mechanisms of protection: 1) Innate and 2) Adaptive. The innate immune response represents the first protective barrier of the organism that also works as a regulator of the adaptive immune response, if evaded the mechanisms of the innate immune response by the foreign substance the adaptive immune response takes action with the consequent antigen neutralization or elimination. The adaptive immune response objective is developing a specific humoral response that consists in the production of soluble proteins known as antibodies capable of specifically recognizing the foreign agent; such protective mechanism is induced artificially through an immunization or vaccination. Unfortunately, the immunogenicity of the antigens is an intrinsic characteristic of the same antigen dependent on several factors. Conclusion: Vaccine adjuvants are chemical substances of very varied structure that seek to improve the immunogenicity of antigens. The main four types of adjuvants under investigation are the following: 1) Oil emulsions with an antigen in solution, 2) Pattern recognition receptors activating molecules, 3) Inflammatory stimulatory molecules or activators of the inflammasome complex, and 4) Cytokines. However, this paper addresses the biological plausibility of two phytochemical compounds as vaccine adjuvants: 5) Lectins, and 6) Plant phenolics whose characteristics, mechanisms of action and disadvantages are addressed. Finally, the immunological usefulness of these molecules is discussed through immunological data to estimate effects of plant phenolics and lectins as vaccine adjuvants, and current studies that have implanted these molecules as vaccine adjuvants, demonstrating the results of this immunization.

Immunological changes accompanying the development of experimental neoplastic process

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Elena Aleksandrovna Dementeva ◽  
Olga Petrovna Gurina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Genome Stability ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Neoplastic Process ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Cell Types

The key immunology problem remains the understanding of the mechanisms for the effective protection of the body against various pathogens with simultaneous suppression of the immune response to autoantigens. The pathogenesis of neoplastic pathological processes includes violations of the mechanisms of normal cell growth and cell proliferation. Antitumor immune response is a complex event, involving many different cell types. But despite the ability of the immune system to recognize and respond to a variety of tumor-associated antigens, the neoplastic process overcomes the protective forces of the organism, grows and spreads. For cancer cells characterized by independence from antiproliferative signals, autocrine stimulation of growth disturbances in the system, induction of apoptosis and control of genome stability. As a result of accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in tumor cells differ significantly from the normal range and the level of expression of genes involved in the transformation process, the accumulation of mutations in key genes promoters and suppressors of tumorigenesis. This creates the opportunity for recognition by cells of the immune system. The study of changes in value and operation of the various elements of the immune system in the development of experimental neoplastic process allows you to identify the mechanisms of interaction in the system «malignant tumor-immune system, to assess patterns of interaction with other organs and tissues, to create a theoretical pathogenetically reasonable premise for the development of anticancer therapy.

scholarly journals Yolkin Isolated from Hen Egg Yolk as a Natural Immunoregulator, Activating Innate Immune Response in BMDM Macrophages

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
W. Kazana ◽  
M. Mitkiewicz ◽  
M. Ochnik ◽  
M. Sochocka ◽  
A. Zambrowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hen Egg Yolk ◽  
Hen Egg

One of the goals of biomedical sciences is to search and identify natural compounds that are safe, have no side effects, and possess immunostimulatory activity. It has been proven that medicines of natural origin can be effective agents, supporting the therapy of many diseases, not only in the weakened immune system of the body but also in the prevention of many diseases in healthy people. It has been shown that yolkin, a polypeptide complex isolated from hen egg yolk as a fraction accompanying immunoglobulin Y (IgY), possesses potential biological activity. However, the mechanism of its action has not been explained. The objective of this investigation was to examine the molecular mechanisms of innate immune response, activated in response to yolkin, in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). It was shown that yolkin induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-kinases (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and upregulated expression and production of type I interferons, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor α), and nitric oxide (NO), in BMDM cells. Using pharmacological inhibitors of ERK 1/2 and JNK kinases, we revealed that the JNK signaling cascade is required for yolkin-induced inducible NOS expression and upregulation of NO production in mouse macrophages. Using the TLR4-deficient BMDM cell line, we established that yolkin can activate macrophages in a TLR4-dependent manner. It was also shown that NO, TNF-α, and type I IFNs (α/β) produced by BMDM cells in response to yolkin triggered antiviral activity. These data indicate that yolkin affects the regulation of the immune system and antiviral response; therefore, it can be used as an effective immunostimulator of the innate immunity or as a supplement of the conventional therapy of immunodeficiency.

Cancer Immunotherapy: An Effective Tool in Cancer Control and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawalpreet Kaur ◽  
Gopal L. Khatik
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Active Immunotherapy ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Passive Immunotherapy ◽  
Scientific Database

Background:: Cancer immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment which effectively harnesses the natural ability of the immune system to fight against cancer cells. This approach takes into consideration the fact that cancer cells express various types of antigens on their surface. Such tumor antigens can be detected by the immune system. However, cancer cells normally develop resistance to the defensive mechanisms presented by the immune system. Thus, cancer immunotherapy has some challenges in its path but due to its impressive clinical effectiveness, it is considered as the potential and effective mode of treatment for cancer. Methods:: We searched the scientific database using cancer, immunotherapy, and tumor antigens as the keywords. Herein, only peer-reviewed research articles were collected which were useful to our current work. Results:: Cells responsible for incurring natural immunity to the body are engineered in such a way that they become able to efficiently recognize and bind to tumor antigens. Such type of immunotherapy is referred to as active immunotherapy. Another type is passive immunotherapy, which involves the process of modifying the existing natural immune responses against cancer cells. A hybrid type of immunotherapy has also been developed which involves the combinative use of both active and passive immunotherapy. Cancer immunotherapy has so far proven to be an effective treatment for cancer as this therapy primarily aims at attacking cancer cells and not the healthy body cells lying in close vicinity to them. Conclusion:: In the review, we described the significance of immunotherapy in the management of various types of cancer.

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