scholarly journals PERBEDAAN PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM GERAKAN MASYARAKAT HIDUP SEHAT (GERMAS) DAERAH RURAL DAN URBAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Yulia Susanti ◽  
Ria Septiyana ◽  
Sekar Ella Praditta
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Community Movement

Masyarakat memiliki peran penting dalam pembangunan nasional. Salah satu bagian yang tidak terpisahkan dalam pembangunan nasional adalah status kesehatan. Gerakan masyarakat hidup sehat (GERMAS) merupakan program peningkatan status kesehatan berbasis masyarakat. Pemerintah Jawa Tengah sendiri menetapkan indikator GERMAS di Jawa Tengah yaitu ABCDEF yang merupakan singkatan dari Aktivias Fisik rutin 30 menit sehari, Banyak konsumsi sayur setiap hari, Cek Kesehatan, Diberikannya ASI ekseklusif, Enyahlah secepatnya asap rokok dan Fokus pada pencegahan stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan perilaku masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan GERMAS rural dan urban. Rancangan cross sectional digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data dalam variabel karakter perilaku masyarakat dalam GERMAS  di daerah rural dan urban. Lokasi penelitian ini di Desa Plantaran Kaliwungu Selatan dan Kelurahan Bugangin Kendal. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 288 orang. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstuktur. Analisis data menggunakan software komputer. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah chi square untuk mengetahui perbedaan perilaku GERMAS pada masyarakat rural dan urban. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan perilaku gerakan masyarakat hidup sehat pada masyarakat rural dan kelompok masyarakat urban (p=0,001). Perlu dilakukan edukasi tentang indikator perilaku gerakan masyarakat hidup sehat, sehingga masyarakat dapat menjalani kehidupan secara sehat sesuai program yang dijalankan oleh pemerintah. The community has an important role in national development. One of the inseparable part of national development is health status. The Healthy Living Community Movement (GERMAS) is a community-based health status improvement program. The Central Java goverment sets the GERMAS indicator in Central Java, namely ABCDEF which stands for routine physical activity for 30 minutes a day, lots of vegetable comsumption every day, health checks, giving exclusive breastfeeding, get rid of ciggarette smoke as soon as possible and focus on preventing stunting. This study aims to determine the differences in communty behavior in the implementation of rural and urban GERMAS. Cross sectional design was used to collect data on the variable character behavior of the community in GERMAS in rural and urban areas. Location of this research is in the village of Plantaran Kaliwungu Selatan and Bugangin Kendal. Respondents in this study amounted to 288 people. Data collected with a questionnaire. Data analysis using computer software. The statistical test used is the chi square test to determine the differences in GERMAS behavior in rural and urban communities. The results showed that there were differences in the behavior of the healthy life movement in rural and urban (p=0,001). Education needs to be carried out on indicators of the behavior of community movement to live a healthy life, so that people can live a healthy life according to the programs run by the goverment.

scholarly journals The Differences in Self-Medication Factors for Toddler Mothers Between Rural and Urban

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Jati Untari ◽  
Lisa Kartini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Information Exposure

Introduction: Self-medication occurs in many developing countries in the world, including Indonesia, which can cause a variety of global impacts, namely improper use that can lead to irrational use of drugs, late seeking medical advice, increasing side effects and drug interactions. Self-medication is related to the role of mothers in the household. The purpose of this study to find out the differences in factors that influence maternal behavior in self-medication oftoddler including knowledge, attitudes, income levels, and exposure to information sources between rural and urban areas. Methods: The study was conducted in 2 locations in Gemawang (rural) and Campursari (urban), WonosoboDistrict, Central Java Province. The population of quantitative analytic research with cross sectional design was 78 mothers with children in rural and 75 in urban areas. Data analysis used Kolmogorov-Smirnov because in the normality test the data used shapirowilk from the variables of knowledge, attitudes, income levels and information exposure with self-medication behavior, the result was p = 0.00 (<0.05) so the data was not normally distributed. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling. Results: There were differences in knowledge, attitudes, income levels, and exposure to information about mothers oftoddler of self-medication behavior between rural and urban with a value of p=0,000. Conclusions: The behavior of mothers in self-medication of toddler between rural and urban areas has a significant difference with knowledge, behavior, attitudes, income level, and information exposure.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK ANAK DAN AKSES KE PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DENGAN STATUS KESEHATAN ANAK TERINFEKSI DAN TERDAMPAK HIV DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Novita Alviani
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Service Access ◽  
Hospital Service ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Service Access ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Chi Square Test

Anak terinfeksi HIV adalah anak umur 0-12 tahun yang telah melakukan tes HIV dan dinyatakan reaktif. Anak terdampak HIV adalah anak umur 0-12 tahun yang dilahirkan dari orang tua HIV positif, yang telah melakukan tes HIV dengan hasil non reaktif/tidak tahu, maupun yang belum tes HIV. Dampak yang ditimbulkan adalah keadaan anak mengalami penurunan kesehatan karena terinfeksi HIV maupun terdampak HIV. Anak mengalami stigmatisasi dan diskriminasi oleh keluarga, masyarakat dan petugas kesehatan. Kondisi ekonomi yang semakin sulit dan terbatasnya layanan rumah sakit rujukan membuat anak-anak kesulitan untuk mengakses pelayanan kesehatan.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah ada hubungan karakteristik anak dan akses pelayanan kesehatan dengan status kesehatan anak terinfeksi dan terdampak HIV di Kabupaten Semarang Provinsi Jawa Tengah dengan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan metode analitik dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Dengan besar sampel 47 anak dari populasi 76 anak. Responden yang diwawancarai adalah pengasuh dari anak terinfeksi maupun terdampak HIV.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 53,2% anak umur 6-12 tahun, 51,1% anak perempuan. 59,6% kesulitan mengakses pelayanan kesehatan, 59,6% status kesehatan anak tidak baik, Uji Chi-Square menunjukkan bahwa variabel umur anak, jenis kelamin anak dan akses ke pelayanan kesehatan tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan dengan status kesehatan anak.Kata kunci : Pengasuh, anak terinfeksi maupun terdampak HIV, akses pelayanan kesehatan. THE RELATION OF CHILDREN CHARACTERISTIC AND THE ACCESS OF HEALTH SERVICE WITH THE HEALTH STATUS OF HIV INFECTED CHILDREN IN SEMARANG REGENCY CENTRAL JAVAThe children who are infected by HIV are the children 0-12 years old and stated reactive after getting the test. The infected children are 0-12 years old who are born by the infected parents too, although they are not doing test yet or they are stated infected. The effect is the children will get their decrease in health because of HIV infection. The children will get some discrimination by family, society and health servant. Moreover the limitation of hospital service and the low of the economic situation, it will be complicated and harder for the children to get the health service.The research objective is to know whether there a relation between the children’s character and the health service access with the condition the children are infected by HIV in Semarang Regency Central Java. This research is using analytical method and cross sectional approach. The sample are 47 children from the total 76 children. The respondents are the caregiver of the infected children. The research stated that 53,2% children 6-12 years old, 51,1% are girls. 59,6% are getting their difficulties in accessing the health service, 59,6% are having the bad health status, Chi-Square test mentioned that the variable of children’s age, gender, and accessing the health service have no significant relation with the children’s health status.Key Words : Caregiver, infected children, and the access of health service.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic factors modify awareness, knowledge, and perceived risk of glaucoma in rural and urban residents in Ghana: a population-based survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 251584142199809
Author(s):  
Stephen Ocansey ◽  
Emmanuel K. Abu ◽  
Carl Halladay Abraham ◽  
Andrews Owusu-Ansah ◽  
Caleb Acheampong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Eye Examination

Purpose: To evaluate the awareness, knowledge and the perception of risks of glaucoma among rural and urban dwellers in Ghana, a high prevalent country, in order to provide information for health promotion planning. Method: In a population-based descriptive cross-sectional survey, 1200 adults were selected from household settings, using a two-stage cluster and simple systematic random sampling. Quantitative data collection, using interviewer-administered questionnaire, was employed. Descriptive statistics were performed using chi-square, ordinal univariate, multinomial and multivariate logistic regression models used to calculate odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI) to identify predictive factors. Results: Overall, only 326 (27.2%, 95% CI = 24.6–29.7) indicated they were aware of glaucoma, whereas 331 (27.6%, 95% CI = 24.6–29.7) had ever undergone an eye screening. Low knowledge was demonstrated in 152 (46.6%, 95% CI = 41.2–52.0) and high knowledge in 99 (30.4%, 95% CI = 25.4–35.4) glaucoma-aware participants. Only 238 (19.8%, 95% CI = 17.6–22.1) of respondents presumed themselves to be at risk of developing glaucoma. Having eye examination (within the last 6 months) was positively associated with knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.413; 95% CI = 0.9–1.896) and awareness (AOR = 1.13; 95% CI = 0.938–2.449). Three levels of education (no education (AOR = 0.041; 95% CI = 0.016–0.11), primary (AOR = 0.057; 95% CI = 0.018–0.179), and middle school (AOR = 0.254; 95% CI = 0.127–0.51)) were associated with low knowledge while all levels of education were inversely associated with awareness. Perceived risk of glaucoma was also influenced by area of residence (rural (AOR = 0.344; 95% CI = 0.21–0.57)), being young (18–24 years (AOR = 4.308; 95% CI = 2.36–7.88)) and having previously undergone screening for glaucoma (AOR = 13.200; 95% CI = 5.318–32.764). Conclusion: The main modifiers of glaucoma awareness and knowledge were education and previous eye examination, but awareness had additional factor of area of residence. Perceived risk of glaucoma was influenced by being young and living in urban areas.

scholarly journals Hypertension and Comorbidities in Rural and Urban Chinese Older People: An Epidemiological Subanalysis From the SAGE Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haitao Li ◽  
Yanhong Jessika Hu ◽  
Hualiang Lin ◽  
Hui Xia ◽  
Yanfei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Older People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
General Health ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
General Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

Abstract Background There is a lack of studies comparing hypertension and comorbidities in rural and urban older people in China. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and comorbidities in older people and to describe differences between patients from rural and urban areas in China. Methods A cross-sectional study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) was conducted from 2007 to 2010 across 8 provinces in China. The current study included a nationally representative subsample of 7,403 respondents aged 60 years and above. Hypertension was either self-reported diagnosed hypertension or 1 elevated measured blood pressure measurement (≥140/90 mm Hg). Comorbidities were self-reported and included angina, arthritis, asthma, stroke, diabetes, depression, and chronic lung disease. Results The prevalence of hypertension was 66.1%. Hypertension associated with 1 comorbidity was recorded in 35.9% of all participants. A large majority (73.6%) of participants with hypertension reported “good” or “very good” general health status. The prevalence of hypertension and the number of comorbidities increased with age. The prevalence rates of multiple comorbidities were higher for urban participants than their rural counterparts (27.8 vs. 42.4% for 1 morbidity; 7.7 vs. 16.4% for 2 comorbidities; 1.4 vs. 4.7% for 3 comorbidities; 0.4 vs. 1.2% for ≥4 comorbidities) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors. However, urban participants reported better general health status, irrespective of the number of comorbidities. Conclusions Our study implies that health promotion policies targeting older people should be developed. Rural areas should be a priority, and investment in the quality of health care in rural areas is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Morbidity pattern and its correlates among adolescent girls residing in rural and urban areas of Haldwani, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4889
Author(s):  
Neha Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Late Adolescent ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: Adolescent girls are vulnerable to different morbidities as their health is a confluence of diverse factors, with the profile of disease burden varying from early adolescent girls of 10-14 years age, to late adolescent girls of 15-19 years age.Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in rural and urban schools of Haldwani block of district Nainital. Multistage random sampling was used to select adolescent girls of 10 to 19 years of age, who were clinically examined and interviewed. Data was analysed using SPSS v21. Statistically significant association was established by Chi-square test.Results: Common morbidities found among adolescent girls were menstrual problems (54.81%), malnutrition including nutritional deficiencies (54.03%), refractive errors (31.17%), hair problems (28.31%) and dental problems (28.18%). General morbidity was present among 51.69% and 61.47% of rural and urban girls respectively. 123 (15.97%) and 97 (12.60%) were found to suffer from skin diseases and respiratory diseases respectively.Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of various morbid conditions among adolescent girls despite of various ongoing measures addressing them.

Assessment of the implementation of providers and patients adherence to Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) strategy for Tuberculosis chemotherapy in Anambra State Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-57
Author(s):  
M.C. Ohamaeme ◽  
C.C. Ibeh ◽  
O.F. Emelumadu ◽  
N.N. Ezeama ◽  
U.C. Anyanwagu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Worker ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Anambra State ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Directly Observed Treatment

Background: The Directly Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) is a widely accepted strategy in the management of TB, however, Failure cases and Multi-drug resistant cases are also on the increase, hence the need to assess the adherence to the implementation of this veritable strategy from providers and patients views. Methodology: A comparative cross-sectional study involving 32 DOTS accredited facilities in rural and urban areas implementing DOTS strategy was utilized for this study. A total of 354 were randomly selected and assessed with the use of a questionnaire while a checklist was used to assess providers’ adherence. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21. Chi-square and Fisher`s exact test was used to test significance set at p<0.05. Results: The rural respondents spent less to get to the DOTS facility and this was statistically significant (p=0-02). The reasons for missing medications in rural compared to urban areas was also statistically significant (p=0.00). No health worker was noted to observe patients other than parents or siblings from the questionnaires and this was also statistically significant, (p=0.03). Overall patients adherence was 86.2% in rural compared to 87.6% in urban areas which was higher. None of the facilities in both subpopulations had health education checklist and one rural facility drug that passed expiration date was also seen. Conclusions: Overall adherence to DOTS implementation was high in both subpopulations, however, no health worker observed the patients. Direct observation of patients and follow-up is strongly recommended to prevent failure and resistant cases. Key words: Implementation; DOTS strategy; Providers adherence; Patients adherence; Anambra State.

scholarly journals Differences in Sociodemographic Characteristics of Schizophrenia Patients between Rural and Urban Areas in Badung Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Ni Made Setiawati
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Chi Square Test

Several studies have found differences in the incidence of schizophrenia in rural and urban areas. Most of the studies found that schizophrenia incidence was higher in urban areas. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in sociodemographic characteristics of schizophrenic patients according to rural or urban conditions in their homes. An observational, cross-sectional analytic, study conducted. The sample in this study were 503 people who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia recorded at community health centres in Badung Regency until October 2019. Sociodemographic data of patients were observed and then grouped according to the residence of rural or urban patients. Chi-square test with a significant value of P <0.005 used to analyze the result. The proportion of schizophrenia is higher in urban than in rural areas (61.1%: 38.9%). There are differences in the incidence of men and women in villages and cities (p = 0.011), differences in rural and educational events low whereas in urban areas on the contrary (P <0.0001). More schizophrenic patients do not work and live in cities than in villages (p = 0.002) and that people who are not married and live in cities suffer more schizophrenia (p = 0.014), only the age group variable was no difference (p = 0.14). The incidence of schizophrenia is higher in urban areas with differences in characteristics found in variables of gender, education level, employment status and marital status. Thus, can be an input to the health department and staff so that psychological education and screening are more directed at urban communities.   Keywords: Schizophrenia, rural, urban sociodemography  

scholarly journals HEALTH STATUS OF GERIATRIC POPULATION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF VARANASI - A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 479-484
Author(s):  
Gupta Yogesh Chandra ◽  
Nathani Neeru
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Health Related

The purpose of this study was to assess the health-related problems of rural and urban geriatric population of Varanasi district. A survey-based cross-sectional study was carried out on total 1000 elderly of selected rural and urban areas of Varanasi district by multistage random sampling. Health related details of the re-spondents were gathered through an interview schedule. Most of the respondents were in the age group of 60 to 69 years. The prevalence of hypertension, heart diseases, respiratory diseases, and urinary diseases were significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas, whereas the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, musculoskeletal problems, and gastrointestinal diseases were significantly higher in urban areas. This study revealed a significant variation in the health status of rural and urban elderly of Varanasi district. People need to be aware of old age and elderly to pay proper attention for better health care to make this later stage of life more pleasant and healthy.

MORBIDITY PATTERN AMONG ADOLESCENT SCHOOL GIRLS IN RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOL OF JHANSI (U.P.)- A COMPARATIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhanshu Gupta ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Piyush D Swami ◽  
Anjana Niranjan
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural And Urban

Background: According to World Health Organization, adolescents constitute about one fifth of the world population, and in India they constitute about 21% of the total population. Most of the surveys show that health status of adolescent girls is at sub-optimal level. Objectives: To assess nutritional status and morbidity pattern among the adolescent girls and to suggest measures for improvement of health status of adolescent girls.  Method: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among 250 adolescent schoolgirls in Rural and urban field practice area of Jhansi school from January 2017 to July 2014. Results: Among the various morbidities eye problem was seen in maximum no of adolescent girls. Eye problem was present in 44.8% of adolescent girls followed by respiratory 14.7% and ear 13.06% disease. Skin disease was present in 3.2% of adolescent girls, which was more in rural girls 6.7% than in urban girls 1.7%, may be due to better hygienic practice in urban schoolgirls. Conclusions: Rural background, low socioeconomic status, illiteracy, birth rate and order, income and number of members in a family have shown to be significant determinants of morbidity pattern in the adolescent girls. Keywords: Adolescent, anemia, morbidity, vaginal discharge.

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