scholarly journals Management of acute appendicitis in emergency departments during pandemic times: who are the most affected, children or adults?

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-137
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Surgical Services ◽  
Surgical Disease ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

COVID-19 was the most important public health problem in the world during the years 2020 - 2021 . Its appearance and rapid global expansion caused an abrupt change in the management of diseases in all medical departments, due to the risk of contagion and death . The outcomes of acute surgical pathologies have been one of the main questions due to organizational modifications in hospitals, in order to control the dynamics of emergency and critical care for COVID-19 patients, leaving aside the approach and control of the surgical disease burden. Fear of infection, long distances, confinement, socioeconomic problems, and institutional restrictions were some of the aspects that most affected the flow of patients with diseases other than COVID-19, leading to delays in care. Appendicitis is the leading cause of acute surgical abdomen worldwide, occurring in approximately 10% of the population. Its age range of presentation is between 5 and 45 years, with male predominance. Considering the variability of the symptomatology, the rapidly progressive deterioration, and the limitations in the access to timely surgical services, its early diagnosis and management are indispensable. The delay in the management of this pathology constitutes an increase in the risk of perforation and peritonitis, which in turn can lead to sepsis and death. Considering the heterogeneity of the behavior of the pandemic among the different continents, and the response of the health systems and the community to this public calamity, it is not known with certainty which age group was the most affected with respect to appendicitis during this period of time.

scholarly journals Years of potential life lost due to motorcycle accidents

10.3823/2423 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença Fernandes ◽  
Rosana Alves de Melo ◽  
Roseane Da Silva Lemos ◽  
Saulo Bezerra Xavier ◽  
Joebson Maurílio Alves dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Young Population ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Motorcycle Accidents ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Traffic accidents represent a serious public health problem, because they kill approximately 1.24 million persons annually, and leave another 20 to 50 million with non-fatal lesions and traumatisms worldwide. In Brazil, in the year 2011, motorcyclists alone were responsible for one third of these deaths. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the years of potential life lost due to motorcycle accidents, according to sex and age group, and analyze the trend of the indicator for the state of Pernambuco in the period from 2005 to 2014. Methods and Results an ecological study based on data from the System of Information about Mortality was used. The indicator and rate were calculated by using the age limit of 70 years. The linear regression model and Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used, at the level of significance of 5% and confidence of 95%. The most affected sex and age-range were men between 20-29 years of age. The rates followed a trend of growth in both sexes, in the young population with the exception of those from 10 to 19 years of age. Conclusions: This context points out the magnitude and precociousness of motorcycle accidents in both sexes and the young population.

scholarly journals PATTERN OF CANCER CASES REGISTERED IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN KATHUA DISTRICT OF J&K: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Deepak Abrol ◽  
Anuj Kapoor ◽  
Pawan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Area Distribution ◽  
The Government

Introduction:Cancer is an important public health problem in India, with 10 lakh new cases occurring every year in the year. Cancer pattern varies in different regions and depends on genetic, environmental, dietary, social and other factors. Aim and objectives: This study was undertaken to determine magnitude and pattern of cancer cases reporting in the hospital. Methodology: This was a hospital-based retrospective study undertaken in the Government Medical College Kathua. GMC, Kathua is one among st the ve new medical colleges established in Jammu & Kashmir. The records of cancer patients generated from 1st November 2018 to 1 November 2019 were analyzed. All the cancer cases who reported either for diagnosis in any of the hospital OPD or for the treatment (radiotherapy/ chemotherapy/ surgery) were included. Data was entered in the MS Excel for analysis Results: Out of total 272 patients registered, females accounted for 56.6% and males for 43.3%. Hindu patients were in majority (84.2%). Most of the cases (37.1%) were in the age group 60-80. Pattern of cancer was different in the two sexes. In males, maximum cases were of lung cancer and in females, Ca breast was the most common followed by the cervical cancer Conclusion: This hospital-based study indicates the cancer prole in Kathua district. Females were found to be more affected than that of males with majority of the cases in the late 40s age group. Rural area and urban area distribution was found to be almost similar.

scholarly journals Non dermatophytic molds causing onychomycosis: a rising trend in North India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4532
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Pragyan Swagatika Panda ◽  
Shahnawaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
North India ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Toe Nails

Background: Onychomycosis is rarely life threatening but can affect patient’s quality of life by its associated morbidity and cosmetic disfigurement that makes it an important public health problem. So the current study was undertaken to look for causes of onychomycosis including the non-dermatophytic molds that are normally considered as contaminants. Methods: A total of 100 nail samples from clinically suspected cases of onychomycosis, were processed by direct microscopy of the KOH mount followed by two sets of culture on Sabourauds’ Dextrose Agar and incubated at 25ºC and 37ºC and were examined once a week for a period of 4-6 weeks, to look for the fungal causative agent. Results: Infection was more common among males and amongst age group 21-30 years (31%). The finger nails (57%) were more commonly involved than toe nails (43%). Onychomycosis was mostly caused by molds (55%), followed by dermatophytes (15.8%) and yeasts (9.3%). Aspergillus niger and A. flavus (13% each) were the most common molds, T. verrucossum (4.6%) was the most common dermatophyte, while Candida albicans (6.5%) was the most common yeast isolated. Conclusions: There is a rising trend of non dermatophytic molds causing onychomycoses, Thus microbiologists should look for all the possible causes of superficial fungal infection. 

scholarly journals Serological and Molecular Study of Dengue Viruses in Different Hospitals of Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
GP Gupta ◽  
Y Shah ◽  
A Poudel ◽  
R Pun ◽  
KP Pant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Occupation Group ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Acute Patients

Background: Dengue Virus (DV) is an emerging mosquito borne viral disease and important public health problem in low land of Terai region which is also expanding to hilly region. Methods: This study was designed to estimate sero-prevalence of dengue virus infection in the post monsoon period (Jun-Dec) of 2010 in Nepalese patients with fever visiting hospitals of Birganj, Damouli, Biratnagar and Dhading Besi. Serum samples were collected from 280 patients visiting hospitals with history of fever & clinically suspected dengue fever. The sero-prevalence of dengue virus specific IgM was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (SD, Korea) Results: The anti-dengue IgM positivity was found to be 8.2%. The positive dengue cases were higher in male (10.5%) as compared to female (6.5%). Among different age groups, the highest positive cases (11.5 %) were from age group below 15 years followed by above 50 years age group with 8.5%. Out of 4 hospitals, the highest positive cases were in Tanahu District Hospital, Damouli (23.8%) followed by Koshi Zonal Hospital, Biratnagar (12.5%). Age and gender were found to be independent predictors. The highest numbers of dengue positive cases were in occupation group business (13.3%) followed by agriculture (11.5%). Conclusion: The dengue positivity was estimated in acute patients from different hospitals of Nepal by enzyme immunoassay and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Therefore, the serological marker can be used to diagnose the acute patients of dengue during outbreaks. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 01 | Jan-Jun 2013 | Page 20-25 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i1.7646

Estimating rheumatic fever incidence in New Zealand using multiple data sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. OLIVER ◽  
N. PIERSE ◽  
M. G. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Notification Data ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYRheumatic fever (RF) is an important public health problem in New Zealand (NZ). There are three sources of RF surveillance data, all with major limitations that prevent NZ generating accurate epidemiological information. We aimed to estimate the likely RF incidence using multiple surveillance data sources. National RF hospitalization and notification data were obtained, covering the periods 1988–2011 and 1997–2011, respectively. Data were also obtained from four regional registers: Wellington, Waikato, Hawke's Bay and Rotorua. Coded patient identifiers were used to calculate the proportion of individuals who could be matched between datasets. Capture–recapture analyses were used to calculate the likely number of true RF cases for the period 1997–2011. A range of scenarios were used to correct for likely dataset incompleteness. The estimated sensitivity of each data source was calculated. Patients who were male, Māori or Pacific, aged 5–15 years and met the Jones criteria, were most likely to be matched between national datasets. All registers appeared incomplete. An average of 113 new initial cases occurred annually. Sensitivity was estimated at 80% for the hospitalization dataset and 60% for the notification dataset. There is a clear need to develop a high-quality RF surveillance system, such as a national register. Such a system could link important data sources to provide effective, comprehensive national surveillance to support both strategy-focused and control-focused activities, helping reduce the incidence and impact of this disease. It is important to remind clinicians that RF cases do occur outside the well-characterized high-risk group.

scholarly journals VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 494-500
Author(s):  
ALTAF PERVEZ QASIM ◽  
MUHAMMAD ANWER SULEHRI
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Important Public Health Problem

Background: Violence against women is an important public health problem. It has global significance regarding violation of human rights. Violence is an important risk factor related to ill health of women, having far reaching consequences affecting physical, social, mental and reproductive health of the victims. Objectives: To study the various types of interpersonal violence against women and find out the magnitude of physical violence and sexual assault among the victims. Study Design: A descriptive hospital record based study. Setting & Duration: The study was conducted from January to December 2005 in casualty out patient department of Allied Hospital, Punjab Medical College (PMC), Faisalabad. Methodology: Total 286 cases of violence, who reported for medico-legal examination during calendar year 2005, were included in the study. The cases of physical violence / sexual assault were examined in detail. Findings were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among total 286 cases, 221 (77%) victims were married, and commonly involved age group was 21–30 years accounting for 82 (28.68%) victims. Blunt trauma was sustained by 193 (67.50%) victims, sharp edged weapon affected 17 (6.0%) cases, firearm bears the responsibility in 13 (4.54%) victims, a mix pattern of injuries by sharp / blunt objects was observed in 8(2.80%) females and (1.75%) women were said to be burnt. Forty-three (15%) cases were reported as victims of alleged sexual assault with peak incidence during 2nd decade of life in age group 11–20 years involving 23 (53.5%) cases. Among total 43 cases of sexual assault, 27 (63%) victims belonged to rural areas. Twenty Eight (65%) unmarried girls were subjected to sexual assault. In 43 sexual assault victims, semen was detected in 28 (65%) cases, 13 (30%) cases were negative; whereas reports of 2 (5%) cases were not available in the record. Conclusions: The cases of physical violence are common in Faisalabad and incidence of sexual assault is higher in rural areas more commonly affecting the unmarried young girls. There is need to attend this public health problem with concrete efforts to stop the violence against women & reduce the incidence of sexual assaults. 

scholarly journals Epidemiological and Pathologic Characteristics of Cancer Morbidity in Elderly Nigerians: A Call for Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-302
Author(s):  
Obiora Jude Uchendu ◽  
Obahiagbon Ikponmwosa
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Anatomic Site ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare ◽  
The University ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Geriatric Cancer

Objective: Geriatric cancer is a major public health problem with increasing incidence due to population growth and ageing.This study hopes to analyze the epidemiology and pathology of geriatric cancer in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare center. Method: The study is a ten-year (2010-2019) descriptive retrospective study of histopathologically confirmed geriatric cancer cases in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. The age, gender, anatomic site and histological diagnosis were used for the study. Analysis was with Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and results summarized in tables and figures. Result: Geriatric cancer accounted for 33.7% of all cancers, affecting 871 males and 593 females with mean age and age range of 70.4 and 60-101 years respectively. Cases in 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 were 7.9%, 10.5%, 10.7%, 11.3%, 7.0%, 8.5%, 8.55%, 10.5%, 11.8% and 12.4% respectively. Exactly 26.0%, 25.4%, 19.1%, 15.0%, 9.0%, 3.2%, 1.3%, 0.8%, and 0.2% of cancer cases were encountered among the 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, 80-84, 85-89, 90-94, 95-99 and 100-104 years age groups respectively. Prostate, cervical, breast, colorectal and gastric cancer accounted for 41.3%, 12.3%, 12.3%, 5.8% and 3.1% of the cases respectively. Conclusion: Geriatric cancer incidence is on the increase with male predominance and a peak at 60-64 years. About 75% of geriatric cancer affected the prostate, uterine cervix, breast, stomach and colorectum. Geriatric cancer care is still a low priority in Nigeria. A stronger health and social system is desirable for the worsening geriatric cancer burden in this region.  

scholarly journals Medical textiles with silver/nanosilver and their potential application for the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections – mini-review

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Rajski ◽  
Marek Juda ◽  
Adam Los ◽  
Elzbieta Witun ◽  
Anna Malm
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Antimicrobial Textiles ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
And Control

Abstract Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), especially those in hospitalized patients, can be regarded as an important public health problem worldwide. In this article we presented an overview on the use of antimicrobial textiles, including those with silver/nanosilver, as a new approach to countering HAI by reducing the potential risk of the pathogen transmission between patients and healthcare workers. The strong antimicrobial in vitro activity of these engineered textiles was confirmed in vitro against several HAI-associated pathogens, including multiresistant strains belonging to alert pathogens. However, according to literature data, the sole use of antimicrobial clothing by healthcare workers appears to not be sufficient for the prevention and control of HAI. Further comprehensive and controlled studies are needed to assess the real-time efficacy of the antimicrobial textiles in healthcare settings. Moreover, there is a need to control the silver use not only for medical applications, but also for non-medical purposes due to a possibility for the emergence and spread of silver resistance among microorganisms, especially Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals COVID-19 related deaths in Juba, South Sudan: Post mortem Audit January - July 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153
Author(s):  
Kenneth LL Sube ◽  
Akram G Nyok ◽  
Oromo F Seriano ◽  
Joseph DW Lako ◽  
Justin B Tongun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Female Age ◽  
Prevention And Control Measures ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control

Background: With global spread of COVID-19, countries began to develop scientific activities ranging from detection, prevention and control measures to vaccine development. In order to develop sound strategies to mitigate COVID-19 pandemic, there is a need to conduct postmortem audit. Objectives: The study is to determine the prevalence of COVID-19 related death in both Juba Military Referral Hospital and Juba Teaching Hospital. Methods and materials: This is a retrospective post mortem audit study. Data related to corpses were collected from registers of both JMRH and JTH from January to July 2020. Data was cleaned and entered in SPSS version 21 for statistical analysis and variables with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Out of 201 corpses recorded between Jan-July, 72.6% were from JMRH, and 27.4% from JTH. Male were 76.6% and 23.4% female, Age range 21-100 years with mean of 61 years (SD+/- 17.73). Respiratory failure was the leading cause of death (26.9%) p=0.036. More than half of the corpses (52.7%) reported, died at hospital while 19.9% community death, 27.4% had no place of death indicated p=001. Furthermore 39% of the corpses were of age group (61-80 years), while 38.7% of age group (41-60 Years) died due to respiratory failure p=0.001 Conclusion: This study revealed that higher COVID-19 related death more in males with respiratory failures.

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