scholarly journals The Grammatical Abilities in a Speech Sample of Persian-speaking Children With Cochlear Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Safieh Samiee ◽  
◽  
Nahid Jalilevand ◽  
Mohammad Kamali ◽  
Yahya Modarresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Production ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hearing Children

Objectives: Studies reported that children with Cochlear Implant (Cl) presented difficulties in grammatical acquisition. The Persian language is inflectional. The present study aimed to compare word-level inflections in the language samples of CI recipients and healthy-hearing children. Methods: Thirty children were recruited in this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study. The Language Sample Analysis (LSA) was used as a method of language production evaluation. Language samples were gathered using picture descriptions. A total of 3000 intelligible utterances were elicited and transcribed. An adaptation of the Language Assessment, Remediation, and Screening Procedure (LARSP) for Persian (P-LARSP), and the Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) techniques were used for the analyses of utterances. Results: The stages of language development of CI recipients were lower than those of the healthy children. The obtained results indicated a significant difference between children with CI and healthy-hearing children in MLU (P=0.0001). Moreover, we found a significant difference between the study groups in the mean frequency of word-level inflections (P=0.0001). Discussion: Children with CI use less word-level inflections, compared to their healthy-hearing counterparts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Level of Salivary sHLA-G in Children Aged 3–5 Years with or without Dental Caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mansoureh Bijani ◽  
Amrollah Mostafazadeh ◽  
Mina Motallebnejad ◽  
Ali Bijani ◽  
Roghiyeh Pourbagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Aim and Background. Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common type of dental caries affecting children. As dental caries is a bacterial infectious disease, the host immune system parameters including soluble human leukocyte antigen-G (sHLA-G) are essential factors in estimating dental caries. The study aimed to investigate and compare the concentration of sHLA-G in the saliva of children with or without dental caries. Methods and Materials. This analytic cross-sectional study was carried out on 83 healthy children aged 3 to 5 years of both genders, who were divided into three groups based on decayed dental surfaces (ds): group 1, caries-free children (CF, n = 29); group 2, children with 1 ≤ ds ≤ 3, 1 ≤ ds ≤ 4, and 1 ≤ ds ≤ 5 for age 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively (ECC, n = 20); and group 3, children with ds ≥ 4, ds ≥ 5, and ds ≥ 6 for age 3, 4, and 5 years, respectively (S-ECC, n = 34). The unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and the salivary sHLA-G concentration was measured by the ELISA kit. The SPSS Statistics v17.0 software and Mann–Whitney, Kruskal–Wallis, chi-square, and Spearman’s rank correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. The level of significance was considered at p<0.05. Results. The mean concentrations of salivary sHLA-G in CF, ECC, and S-ECC groups were 3.18 ± 2.28, 5.64 ± 5.51, and 6.21 ± 6.03 ng/l, respectively (p=0.047), and the mean salivary sHLA-G level was comparatively higher in children with dental caries than that of the CF group (p=0.02), but there is no significant difference between ECC and S-ECC groups (p>0.05). Spearman’s rank correlation test showed a weak positive correlation (p=0.039, r = 0.22), between the level of salivary sHLA-G and dental caries. Conclusion. The present study provides some preliminary evidences on relationship between sHLA-G and dental caries in children.

scholarly journals Interleukin-37 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine: does its relation to disease activity suggest its potential role in rheumatoid arthritis therapy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eman A. Baraka ◽  
Mona G. Balata ◽  
Shereen H. Ahmed ◽  
Afaf F. Khamis ◽  
Enas A. Elattar
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Tender Joint ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background This study aimed to measure the serum and synovial interleukin (IL)-37 levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (PKOA) and healthy controls and to detect its relation to RA disease activity. Results This cross-sectional study included 50 RA patients with a mean age of 40.24 ± 8.62 years, 50 patients with PKOA with a mean age of 56.69 ± 4.21, and 40 healthy controls with a mean age of 41.75 ± 7.38 years. The mean serum IL-37 level in the RA patients (382.6 ± 73.97 pg/ml) was statistically significantly (P < 0.001) the highest among the studied groups; however, it showed a non-significant difference between the PKOA patients (70.38 ± 27.49 pg/ml) and the healthy controls (69.97 ± 25.12 pg/ml) (P > 0.94). Both serum and synovial IL-37 levels were significantly positively correlated with disease activity scores (r = 0.92, P< 0.001 and r = 0.85, P < 0.001), tender joint counts (r = 0.83, P < 0.001 and r = 0.82, P < 0.001 ), swollen joint counts (r = 0.72, P < 0.001 and r = 0.60, P < 0.001), visual analog scale (r = 0.82, P < 0.001 and r = 0.82, P < 0.001), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.75, P < 0.001 and r = 0.65, P < 0.001), and C-reactive protein (r = 0.93, P < 0.001 and r = 0.79, P < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion Serum and synovial IL-37 were significantly elevated in the RA patients, and they were closely correlated. Being less invasive, the serum IL-37 could be a marker of disease activity and could reflect the effective disease control by drugs. Having an anti-inflammatory effect could not suggest IL-37 as the key player to control inflammation alone, but its combination with other anti-proinflammatory cytokines could be investigated.

scholarly journals Differences in phosphatemia and frequency of consumption of dietary sources of phosphorus in hemodialysis patients in southern and northern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Baggio Nerbass ◽  
Edcléia Regina Canzi ◽  
Renata dos Anjos Araujo ◽  
Dyane Corrêa ◽  
Rafaela Gonzaga dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Sample ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pork Sausages

Abstract Introduction: Hyperphosphatemia is associated with unfavorable outcomes, and the percentage of patients presenting with this condition in hemodialysis (HD) in kidney foundation units in the state of Santa Catarina (SC) is historically higher than that of patients in the state of Tocantins (TO). Objective: To assess the frequency of consumption of the main dietary sources of phosphorus and to compare them between the two states. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 123 patients, 66 of SC and 57 of TO: 52% were men, average age was 46.9 ± 15.7 years, and mean HD time 48 (57-71) months. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 33 items that are dietary sources of phosphorus was applied. A consumption score was calculated for sources of organic, inorganic, and total phosphorus, and the six-month average of phosphatemia was obtained. Results: The mean phosphatemia of SC patients was higher (6.2 ± 1.5 vs 4.7 ± 1.3 mg/dL, p <0001) than TO patients, as well as the prevalence of hyperphosphatemia (62% vs 28%; p <10001). In the total sample, the foods most frequently consumed were milk and beans. Comparing the frequency of consumption between the two states, a significant difference was found in 17 items. In TO, beef and beans were the foods most frequently consumed, and in SC, fourteen other items of the FFQ (pork, sausages, dairy products, etc.) were the most frequently consumed. Phosphatemia correlated with the frequency of consumption of inorganic phosphorus sources. Conclusion: the frequency of consumption of several items was different between the states, and this explains the differences in phosphatemia between the two regions.

A Study on Bolton Anterior Tooth Size Discrepancies among Different Malocclusion Groups

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
AW Ali ◽  
MZ Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Tooth Size ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normal Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bangladeshi Population

Aim: To investigate the correlation between anterior tooth size discrepancies among Angle's Class l, ll, lll malocclusions and corresponding normal occlusion, as well as their prevalence in Bangladeshi population. This study would act as a reference for diagnosis, treatment planning and assessment of prognosis in some orthodontic cases. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dhaka Dental College & Hospital. A total number of 200 subjects were selected in Angle's Class l, ll, lll and corresponding normal group. Each group had 50 subjects with males and females. A chi-square test was performed to statistically compare the prevalence of anterior tooth size discrepancies among Angle's Class l, ll, lll malocclusions and corresponding normal occlusion and two genders. Analysis of variance was used to compare the mean Bolton anterior tooth size ratios as a function of angle classification and gender. Statistical differences were determined at the 95% confidence level (p< 0.05). Results: No significant difference was observed in the mean Bolton anterior ratio between normal group and class-I malocclusion group (p = 0.343). Significant differences were observed between Class-II malocclusion and normal group (p=0.001), and also between Class-III malocclusion and normal group (p = 0.001). Individuals with Angle Class lll and Class ll malocclusions showed significantly greater prevalence of tooth size discrepancy than Class l malocclusion and corresponding normal group. Conclusion: The great diversity and ethnic mix of Bangladeshi population should alert our orthodontist to use Bolton analysis as an important diagnostic tool and become aware of the moderate variations that may be present and treated. It may somehow guide planning of this type of study in future. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjodfo.v1i2.15982 Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2011; Vol-1, No.2, 1-4

scholarly journals Usefulness of the Non-Contact Tonometry in Out-Patient Screening

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satheesh Solomon T Selvin ◽  
Chris Elsa Samson Jacob ◽  
Thomas Kuriakose
Keyword(s):  
Central Corneal Thickness ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Applanation Tonometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Iop Measurement ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is considered the gold standard for Intraocular Pressure (IOP) measurement. It has the disadvantages of being a contact device, need for a slit-lamp, non-portability and need of a skilled examiner. Many hospitals are using a Non Contact Tonometry (NCT) as a screening device to save clinician time, however the usefulness is not proved in terms of reliability. This study was aimed to determine the usefulness of the Air-puff tonometer (TONOREF NIDEK II, NIDEK CO., LTD., JAPAN) over a GAT in a tertiary care center. Design: Cross-sectional Study Methods: This was a cross-sectional, non interventional observational study conducted on 224 eyes (right eye) from 224 patients. All patients underwent the IOP measurement with both methods and a central corneal thickness (CCT) measured. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software. Results: The mean age of the patients was 40.3±11.29 years. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.001) between the mean NCT and GAT readings which persisted even after correction for central corneal thickness. The correlation between NCT and GAT using Pearson’s correlation coefficient was strong irrespective of the corrections for their corneal thickness (r = 0.751 and 0.718 for uncorrected and corrected values respectively). The correlation of the individual clinicians for the readings varied from moderate to strong. The ROC curve showed the best sensitivity and specificity to occur at around 13 to 14 mmHg. Conclusion: NCT seems to overestimate the IOP at low ranges as compared to the GAT and underestimate at higher ranges. The crossover of the values is seen between 12 to 13 mmHg.  The clinician should do an individualized analysis of his/her GAT measurements to the readings of the NCT machine at the clinic to obtain clinician specific nomogram. 

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF AIRWAY ABNORMALITY IN TERMS OF ALTERATION IN PFT IN ASYMPTOMATIC SMOKERS.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Hitesh Kumar Solanki ◽  
Dr. Omnath P Yadav ◽  
Dr. Anita J Gojiya
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Young Smokers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

The study was conducted in department of physiology, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad from Mar. 2012 to Feb. 2013. This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung   function and serum lipids in asymptomatic smokers   and comparable non   smokers. The mean of the various spirometric parameters were calculated of the subjects for both the groups. The mean FVC in group I and group II was 2.60 ± 0.62 L and 4.10 ± 0.64L respectively. The mean FEV1 in group I was 1.91 ± 0.57L and     3.19 ± 0.77L in group II Group I had mean FEF25% - 75% and PEFR of 1.98 ± 0.67L/sec and 4.50 ± 1.57L/sec respectively. Group II had mean FEF25 – 75% of 4.22 ± 1.23L/sec and a mean PEFR of 7.22 ± 1.42L/sec. In young smokers and asymptomatic, still the spirometric values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All he spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. Keywords: Progression, PFT, Asymptomatic & Smokers

scholarly journals Correlation between Duration of Oral Contraceptives and Hypercoagulability in Bangladeshi Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Samsunnahar ◽  
Q S Akhter ◽  
N Akhter ◽  
K Sultana ◽  
Md. Atiquzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Pill ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Student’S T

This study was done to assess the hypercoagulability and the risk of thromboembolism in women taking oral contraceptive pill for prolonged period of time. This cross sectional study was done in the department of Physiology, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from Jan 2012 to Dec 2012. Ninety female subjects with the age range from 25-45 years, were taken as a study population. Among them, 60 women taking oral contraceptives for prolonged period of time ( > 1 years) were included for the study group and age matched 30 women of OCP nonusers were taken as a control. Study subjects were divided into two groups according to their duration of oral pill use: group BI ( 1 to 5 years users) were 30 women and group B2 ( >5 to 10 years users) were 30 women. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were estimated in all groups. Statistical analysis was done by unpaired Student's ? t' test and Pearson's Correlation Coefficient test. In this study, the mean (*SD) PT levels in group B1 & B2 were shortened than that of group A which were statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). Within the study groups, PT levels were positively correlated (r=+0.027) with the group B1 and negatively correlated (r= -0.163) with the group B2. But both the relationships were statistically non significant. The mean (+SD) AM' level in group B1 was shortened than that of group A but the result was not statistically significant. The mean (*SD) AM' level in group B2 was shortened than that of group A but the result was statistically highly significant (P<0.001). Within the study groups, APPT levels were negatively correlated with the group B1 (r= -0.268) and also group B2 (r= -0.122). But both the relationships were statistically non significant. My present study revealed that prolonged duration of OCP use ( at least for 5 years) increases the risk of hypercoagulable state and thromboembolism in women.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ASTHMAAND ITS MEDICATIONS ON DENTAL CARIES STATUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT IN CHILDREN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
Sneha Upadhyay ◽  
Jyoti Bhavthankar ◽  
Mandakini Mandale ◽  
Nivedita Kaorey
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: Asthma and its medications have been linked to oral diseases in asthmatic children. Aim: Assessment of the dental caries status, salivary Streptococcus mutans count and S. mutans colony score in children receiving inhaled anti asthmatic medications and their comparison in healthy children Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was performed on 40 asthmatic children and 40 healthy children in the age group of 6-14 years. DMFT/deft indices were calculated and saliva samples were collected. Diluted saliva was inoculated on MSB agar plates. S. mutans count and colony score were analysed after 24-48 hours of inoculation. Results: Statistically significant difference was observed in the mean DMFT/deft index, salivary S. mutans load and S. mutans colony score in children of the asthmatic group and control group. Conclusion: Prevalence of dental caries and cariogenic bacteria is higher in asthmatic children.

scholarly journals Comparing Executive Functions in Normal and Diabetic Children in the City of Isfahan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niloofar Sadat Shokrekhodaei ◽  
Zahra Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Diabetic Children ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
The City

Background: The emergence of chronic physiologic diseases such as diabetes damages the children's psychological, cognitive, communicational, social and emotional processes. Therefore, the present study was aimed to compare executive functions in normal and diabetic children. Methods: The research method was cross-sectional. The statistical population included healthy and sick children in 2019 in Isfahan. The statistical population of the study included diabetic children and 150 healthy children who were selected through convenient sampling method. The applied questionnaires were the executive functions. The data from the study were analyzed through t method. Results: There is a significant difference between diabetic children and healthy ones in the variable of executive functions (p < 0.001). In a way that diabetic children got lower mean scores in executive functions. The mean scores of executive functions of children with diabetes were 233.63 and the mean scores of non-children with diabetes were 192.64. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that diabetes causes the decrease of executive functions due to being chronic and this process emphasizes the necessity of applying child-oriented psychological interventions for these people.

scholarly journals Superior versus Inferior Conjunctival Limbal Autograft with Sutures in the Management of Primary Pterygium in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Dakshina Kannada - A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 603-607
Author(s):  
Madhuri Upadhyaya ◽  
Sheetal Savur
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Surgical Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pterygium Excision ◽  
Primary Pterygium

BACKGROUND Pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft (CAU) is one of the most frequently used modalities in the treatment of pterygium. The graft has traditionally been harvested from the superior bulbar conjunctiva, but this may not be possible in all patients. The purpose of this study was to compare the intraoperative difficulties and early postoperative outcomes between superior and inferior CAU in the management of primary pterygium. METHODS This hospital based cross sectional study evaluated 58 eyes of 50 patients with primary pterygium who underwent pterygium excision with conjunctival limbal autograft secured with the help of sutures over a period of 2 years from March 2018 to March 2020. In 28 eyes, the superior bulbar conjunctiva was used for grafting whereas in 30 eyes, the inferior conjunctiva was used for the same. The outcome measured was in terms of the mean surgical time, clinical symptoms and signs in the early postoperative period and recurrence rate. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 44.14 ± 12.71 years in the superior CAU group and 45.76 ± 14.51 years in the inferior CAU group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean surgical time (68.39 ± 31.51 in superior group, 2.60 ± 0.79 in inferior group; P value 0.712). The duration of follow-up after surgery was significantly more (P = 0.048) in the inferior CAU group (42.60 ± 11.71 days) as compared to the superior CAU group (37.39 ± 7.52 days). Postoperative symptoms were comparable, and no recurrence was observed in either of the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Pterygium excision with inferior conjunctival limbal autograft is safe and effective in the management of primary pterygia and may be considered as an alternative to superior graft in cases where harvesting the superior conjunctiva is not possible or not advisable. KEYWORDS Primary Pterygium, Conjunctival Limbal Autograft, Inferior Graft

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