scholarly journals Risk of Leukemia and Brain Tumors in Children Exposed to Pesticide Residual in Households and Approaches to Reduce its Side Effect

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18
Author(s):  
Ismaeil Alizadeh Alizadeh ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Amin Gorouhi ◽  
Abbas Aghaei Afshar ◽  
Maryam Faraji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Hazardous Environments ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Children's Diseases ◽  
Children’S Exposure

Context: Using various pesticides to control pests and vectors of diseases has a long history in households worldwide. However, most pesticides are considered toxic to and harmful to the environment. Evidence Acquisition: Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were searched using the following search terms: “children”, “pesticide residues”, “risks”, “leukemia”, and “brain neoplasms”. This review was designed to identify the relevant electronic studies published from January 2000 to February 2020. Results: Children are more susceptible to pesticides because of their underdeveloped metabolic processes and disability to detoxify chemicals. Over 30% of the children’s diseases are due to environmental factors, including pesticides. The possibility of children’s pesticide exposure inside of urban houses is more than outside. In general, children can be exposed to pesticides in two ways: Direct and indirect contact. Direct contact refers to hand-to-mouth behavior in daily plays that absorbs household pesticides. Indirect contact refers to exposure via their parents’ work in hazardous environments and during pregnancy. There is a significant association between pesticide exposure via households and some cancers in children, such as leukemia and brain tumors. Conclusions: Due to the positive association between pesticide residues in households and the risk of cancers in children, public health policies must be adopted to minimize children’s exposure to pesticides in the urban household.

scholarly journals Can Anhedonia Be Considered a Suicide Risk Factor? A Review of the Literature

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonanni ◽  
Gualtieri ◽  
Lester ◽  
Falcone ◽  
Nardella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum

Background and Objectives: At present, data collected from the literature about suicide and anhedonia are controversial. Some studies have shown that low levels of anhedonia are associated with serious suicide attempts and death by suicide, while other studies have shown that high levels of anhedonia are associated with suicide. Materials and Methods: For this review, we searched PubMed, Medline, and ScienceDirect for clinical studies published from 1 January 1990 to 31 December 2018 with the following search terms used in the title or in the abstract: “anhedonia AND suicid*.” We obtained a total of 155 articles; 133 items were excluded using specific exclusion criteria, the remaining 22 articles included were divided into six groups based on the psychiatric diagnosis: mood disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other diagnoses, attempted suicides, and others (healthy subjects). Results: The results of this review reveal inconsistencies. Some studies reported that high anhedonia scores were associated with suicidal behavior (regardless of the diagnosis), while other studies found that low anhedonia scores were associated with suicidal behavior, and a few studies reported no association. The most consistent association between anhedonia and suicidal behavior was found for affective disorders (7 of 7 studies reported a significant positive association) and for PTSD (3 of 3 studies reported a positive association). In the two studies of patients with schizophrenia, one found no association, and one found a negative association. For patients who attempted suicide (undiagnosed), one study found a positive association, one a positive association only for depressed attempters, and one a negative association. Conclusions: We found the most consistent positive association for patients with affective disorders and PTSD, indicating that the assessment of anhedonia may be useful in the evaluation of suicidal risk.

scholarly journals Spatial analysis of deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis in the city of São Luís, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Santos-Neto ◽  
Mellina Yamamura ◽  
Maria Concebida da Cunha Garcia ◽  
Marcela Paschoal Popolin ◽  
Tatiane Ramos dos Santos Silveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Operational Variables ◽  
The City ◽  
Selection Of

OBJECTIVE: To characterize deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis, according to sociodemographic and operational variables, in the city of São Luís, Brazil, and to describe their spatial distribution. METHODS: This was an exploratory ecological study based on secondary data from death certificates, obtained from the Brazilian Mortality Database, related to deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis. We included all deaths attributed to pulmonary tuberculosis that occurred in the urban area of São Luís between 2008 and 2012. We performed univariate and bivariate analyses of the sociodemographic and operational variables of the deaths investigated, as well as evaluating the spatial distribution of the events by kernel density estimation. RESULTS: During the study period, there were 193 deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis in São Luís. The median age of the affected individuals was 52 years. Of the 193 individuals who died, 142 (73.60%) were male, 133 (68.91%) were Mulatto, 102 (53.13%) were single, and 64 (33.16%) had completed middle school. There was a significant positive association between not having received medical care prior to death and an autopsy having been performed (p = 0.001). A thematic map by density of points showed that the spatial distribution of those deaths was heterogeneous and that the density was as high as 8.12 deaths/km2. CONCLUSIONS: The sociodemographic and operational characteristics of the deaths from pulmonary tuberculosis evaluated in this study, as well as the identification of priority areas for control and surveillance of the disease, could promote public health policies aimed at reducing health inequities, allowing the optimization of resources, as well as informing decisions regarding the selection of strategies and specific interventions targeting the most vulnerable populations.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Residents’ Behavior, The Condition of Ratproofing Houses and Their Effects on the Incidence of Leptospirosis Cases in Ponorogo Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 198
Author(s):  
Hanifah Agda Nursitasari
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factor ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
P Value ◽  
Indirect Contact ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Standing Water ◽  
Sewage System ◽  
Observation Area ◽  
Hands And Feet

Leptospirosis is a disease with high fatality, it is transmitted by animals infected with Leptospira bacteria either through direct or indirect contact. Ponorogo is one of endemic areas to Leptospirosis whereas the incidence of this zoonotic disease reported annually. The purpose of this study was to analyze the behavior of respondents and ratproofing house conditions against the incidence of leptospirosis in Ponorogo Regency. This research was an observational study with case control research design (ratio of 1: 3 with a comparison of the number of cases of 9 participants and control of 27 participants). The data were obtained by observation and interviews using observation sheets and questionnaires as instruments to obtain information about respondents' behavior and the condition of rats-free houses. The results of statistical tests using chi square showed that contact with standing water is significantly associated with the Leptospiroris incidence with OR = 10.0 (p value=0.03, 95% CI = 1,1 – 91,4) and condition of sewage system (SPAL) also significantly associated with OR = 0.10 (p value 0.02;) 95% CI: 0,01 – 0,79). Poor personal habits such as contact with standing water after working has positive association with odds ratio 10 times higher of causing leptospirosis and the condition of house sewage system (SPAL) that are covered by sewage nets to prevent the entry of mice into the house has negative association or a protective factor against the occurrence of leptospirosis. Suggestions that can be given are educating the general public within the observation area about the dangers of leptospirosis and its prevention, improving the diagnostic ability of Leptosirosis in the Primary Health Care (Puskesmas), improving daily residents behavior or habits by rinsing hands and feet in running water using soap, and closing wire gutters to prevent access rat into the house.

PESTICIDE RESIDUES – A MEDICAL APPRAISAL1

1962 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Zavon
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Positive Information ◽  
Mortality Statistics ◽  
Positive Evidence ◽  
Reliable Evidence ◽  
Clinical Investigations

New analytical procedures make it possible to detect pesticide residues in food at a fraction of the level previously detectable. The possibility exists that products formerly thought to have no residues will now be shown to have them. Fear has been voiced that pesticide residues may cause disease. If pesticide residues in food are shown to be more widespread than formerly believed, this fear of danger may be further stimulated. Investigations among the human population have failed to reveal any deleterious effects from pesticide residues in food. Nor is there any other positive evidence of effect on the human population resulting from pesticide residues. Analysis of mortality statistics tends to show many more likely reasons than the introduction of pesticides for changes in causes of death. There is no reliable evidence that the leading causes of death have been influenced by pesticide exposure in food or otherwise. Despite this absence of positive information there is no doubt that we need quantitative investigations to determine the actual exposure of the population to pesticide residues and long term, carefully controlled clinical investigations to determine whether or not injury actually occurs.

scholarly journals Impacts of dietary exposure to pesticides on faecal microbiome metabolism in adult twins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Mesnage ◽  
Ruth C E Bowyer ◽  
Souleiman El Balkhi ◽  
Franck Saint-Marcoux ◽  
Arnaud Gardere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Community Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
Faecal Microbiome

Concerns have been raised as to whether the consumption of foodstuffs contaminated with pesticides can contribute to the development of chronic human diseases by affecting microbial community function in the gut. We provide the first associations between urinary pesticide excretion and the composition and function of the faecal microbiome in 65 twin pairs in the UK. Biomonitoring of exposure to 186 common insecticide, herbicide, or fungicide residues showed the presence of pyrethroid and/or organophosphorus insecticide residues in all urine samples, while the herbicide glyphosate was found in 45% of individuals. Other pesticides such as DEET, imidacloprid or dithiocarbamate fungicides were less frequently detected. While the geographic location or the rural/urban environment had no influence on pesticide urinary excretion, food frequency questionnaires showed that DMTP levels, a metabolite of organophosphates, was higher with increased consumption of fruit and vegetables. Multivariable association between urinary pesticide excretion and faecal microbial composition and function were determined with shotgun metagenomics and metabolomics. A total of 34 associations between pesticide residues concentrations and faecal metabolite concentrations were detected. Glyphosate excretion was positively associated to an increased bacterial species richness, as well as to fatty acid metabolites and phosphate levels. The insecticide metabolite Br2CA, reflecting deltamethrin exposure, was positively associated with the mammalian phytoestrogens enterodiol and enterolactone, and negatively associated with some N-methyl amino acids. Urine metabolomics performed on a subset of samples did not reveal associations with the excretion of pesticide residues. Our results highlight the need for future interventional studies to understand effects of pesticide exposure on the gut microbiome and possible health consequences.

scholarly journals Pesticide traces in local crops of Sancti Spíritus, Cuba: risk assessment study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edelbis López-Dávila ◽  
Michael Houbraken ◽  
Jasmine De Rop ◽  
Gregor Claus ◽  
Abukari Wumbei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Probabilistic Risk Assessment ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Chronic Risk ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Probabilistic Risk

Abstract Background Vegetables and rice produced in Cuba may contain residue of pesticides that exceed the maximum residue limits (MRLs). Pesticide residues on crop samples from Sancti Spíritus province were analyzed. Based on these residue data, a risk assessment of consumer exposure was conducted. Methods Samples collected during the 2017, 2018, and 2019 periods were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS and GC/ECD chromatography techniques. A deterministic risk assessment was performed, using consumption data collected by the authors. Also, a probabilistic risk assessment was worked out with @RISK for the Monte Carlo simulation. Results A broad range of pesticides were detected in the samples. Most of the detected active ingredients were insecticides and fungicides. A considerable part of the detected pesticide residues exceeded the EU and Cuban MRLs. However, the deterministic risk assessment revealed that the consumer risk of pesticide exposure is low. Only in the maximum exposure scenario children and adults were exposed to methamidophos residues in tomatoes higher than the acceptable daily intake. Conclusions When a more realistic consumption (50th percentile) and higher (95th percentile) consumption pattern for tomatoes was assumed, the deterministic risk assessment found no chronic risk for children and adults being exposed to methamidophos present in the tomato samples. Furthermore, the probabilistic risk assessment concerning methamidophos exposure in tomato for children and adult strata showed no risk. To perform in the future a more accurate risk assessment for Cuban consumers it is important to have more detailed consumption data and an expanded dataset of the residues in different crops.

scholarly journals The Positive Association between Proton Pump Inhibitors and Clostridium Difficile Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Dania Tawam ◽  
Michael Baladi ◽  
Paiboon Jungsuwadee ◽  
Grace Earl ◽  
Jayoung Han
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
The Us ◽  
Meta Analyses

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly used medications by patients due to its availability over the counter and frequent prescribing by physicians to treat and alleviate symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Recently, the FDA issued a warning with respect to the utilization of PPIs and risk of developing Clostridium difficile infections (CDI). The most commonly known medications to cause CDI are antibiotics. However, available studies suggest an association and increase in risk for CDI with PPI use as well. Objective: The purpose of this research is to review and summarize data currently available on the association between PPIs and CDI. Methods: To search for eligible studies, EBSCO engines were investigated using proton pump inhibitors or PPIs and Clostridium difficile or C. diff. as search terms. Meta analyses and systematic reviews published between 2000 and 2020 on adult patients were considered. Results: Eight meta-analyses and systematic reviews met the inclusion criteria. They included studies conducted in the US, Europe, Asia and Canada on inpatient and outpatient adults. The final result for all 8 studies showed a statistically significant association between PPIs and CDI ranging from mild to high risk. Conclusion: Currently available data suggest a positive association between PPIs and CDI.

scholarly journals Letter to the Editor of "Food and Chemical Toxicology" regarding the paper "Refined assessment and perspectives on the cumulative risk resulting from the dietary exposure to pesticide residues in the Danish population" by Larsson et al.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Backhaus ◽  
Mikael Gustavsson ◽  
Andreas Kortenkamp ◽  
Christina Rudén ◽  
Martin Scheringer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Danish Population ◽  
Chemical Safety ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Chemical Toxicology

Larsson and coworkers recently presented a study in Food and Chemical Toxicology on the cumulative risks to the Danish population from dietary exposure to pesticide residues. They base their analysis on food monitoring data, spray journals, controlled field trials and food consumption data in the Danish population. A cumulative hazard-index (HI) approach is then used to estimate the overall risk from pesticide exposure, an approach well established in the literature. Based on an HI of 13-44%, the authors conclude that adverse health effects due to pesticide residues are “very unlikely” and equivalent to “1 glass of wine every seventh year”. Unfortunately, the paper fails to put the limitations of the underlying data and the applied methodology in context and it misinterprets the use of Assessment Factors in chemical safety assessment. The comparison of population-wide life-long involuntary exposure to pesticides with individual, time-limited, voluntary alcohol consumption is misleading, in particular in view that children are identified as the most vulnerable sub-population.

scholarly journals Hematological Indices of Pesticide Exposure Rice Farmers in Southern Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiyada Kwanhian ◽  
Supabhorn Yimthiang ◽  
Siriuma Jawjit ◽  
Junjira Mahaboon ◽  
Udomratana Vattanasit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Pesticide Exposure ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
Hematological Indices ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Southern Thailand

The most common pesticides used in rice farming are organophosphates and carbamates. These pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, resulting in excessive levels of acetylcholine accumulation and disrupted neurotransmission. This study compared AChE activity and hematological parameters between pesticide-using rice farmers, non-pesticide using rice farmers, and non-agricultural occupational groups (non-farmers). Pesticide residues that accumulated in rice and the water and soil of the study area were also determined. AChE activity of all participants showed 10 from 87 samples (11.49%) as borderline depressed, with 50% of these being pesticide-using farmers. Most of the hematological parameters were normal in all samples. However, platelet numbers of pesticide self-spraying rice farmers were significantly lower than non-self-spraying rice farmers. The results suggested that the use of pesticides during rice farming affected AChE activity and some hematological cells. In addition, pesticide residues in soil, water and rice in rice fields using pesticides were higher than in non-pesticide use areas. Results confirmed that the exposure rates of farmers using pesticides were at higher risk than farmers who did not use pesticides

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document