scholarly journals DBSCAN clustering method is applied to identify severe Traffic Accident (TA) hotpots on roads

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
Arkadiy Gershtein ◽  
◽  
Andrey Terekhov ◽  

DBSCAN clustering method is applied to identify severe Traffic Accident (TA) hotpots on roads. The research examines severe TA, defined as those that led to human damage (injury or death), in the city of Newton, MA and in the entire state of Massachusetts, USA from 2013 to 2018. DBSCAN algorithm was also applied to network-constrained uniformly distributed over road network data to locate threshold in number of points per cluster so that all more populated clusters identified in real data can be treated as statistically significant. For DBSCAN algorithm two types of distance metrics, Euclidean and over Network, were compared. It is found that both distances are equivalent on scale of 10 meters, which justifies hybrid approach to clustering: using Network distance only to generate uniformly distributed points needed for Monte-Carlo simulations. All clustering can be performed using Euclidean distances which is much faster and more memory efficient. Subsequent years analysis demonstrates the extend that hotspots identified are stable and occur consecutively for several years and hence may possess predictive value.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4757
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bączkiewicz ◽  
Jarosław Wątróbski ◽  
Wojciech Sałabun ◽  
Joanna Kołodziejczyk

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have proven to be a powerful tool for solving a wide variety of real-life problems. The possibility of using them for forecasting phenomena occurring in nature, especially weather indicators, has been widely discussed. However, the various areas of the world differ in terms of their difficulty and ability in preparing accurate weather forecasts. Poland lies in a zone with a moderate transition climate, which is characterized by seasonality and the inflow of many types of air masses from different directions, which, combined with the compound terrain, causes climate variability and makes it difficult to accurately predict the weather. For this reason, it is necessary to adapt the model to the prediction of weather conditions and verify its effectiveness on real data. The principal aim of this study is to present the use of a regressive model based on a unidirectional multilayer neural network, also called a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), to predict selected weather indicators for the city of Szczecin in Poland. The forecast of the model we implemented was effective in determining the daily parameters at 96% compliance with the actual measurements for the prediction of the minimum and maximum temperature for the next day and 83.27% for the prediction of atmospheric pressure.


2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2059-2068 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ivan ◽  
I. Haidu ◽  
J. Benedek ◽  
S. M. Ciobanu

Abstract. Besides other non-behavioural factors, low-light conditions significantly influence the frequency of traffic accidents in an urban environment. This paper intends to identify the impact of low-light conditions on traffic accidents in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The dependence degree between light and the number of traffic accidents was analysed using the Pearson correlation, and the relation between the spatial distribution of traffic accidents and the light conditions was determined by the frequency ratio model. The vulnerable areas within the city were identified based on the calculation of the injury rate for the 0.5 km2 areas uniformly distributed within the study area. The results show a strong linear correlation between the low-light conditions and the number of traffic accidents in terms of three seasonal variations and a high probability of traffic accident occurrence under the above-mentioned conditions at the city entrances/exits, which represent vulnerable areas within the study area. Knowing the linear dependence and the spatial relation between the low light and the number of traffic accidents, as well as the consequences induced by their occurrence, enabled us to identify the areas of high traffic accident risk in Cluj-Napoca.


Author(s):  
J. W. Li ◽  
X. Q. Han ◽  
J. W. Jiang ◽  
Y. Hu ◽  
L. Liu

Abstract. How to establish an effective method of large data analysis of geographic space-time and quickly and accurately find the hidden value behind geographic information has become a current research focus. Researchers have found that clustering analysis methods in data mining field can well mine knowledge and information hidden in complex and massive spatio-temporal data, and density-based clustering is one of the most important clustering methods.However, the traditional DBSCAN clustering algorithm has some drawbacks which are difficult to overcome in parameter selection. For example, the two important parameters of Eps neighborhood and MinPts density need to be set artificially. If the clustering results are reasonable, the more suitable parameters can not be selected according to the guiding principles of parameter setting of traditional DBSCAN clustering algorithm. It can not produce accurate clustering results.To solve the problem of misclassification and density sparsity caused by unreasonable parameter selection in DBSCAN clustering algorithm. In this paper, a DBSCAN-based data efficient density clustering method with improved parameter optimization is proposed. Its evaluation index function (Optimal Distance) is obtained by cycling k-clustering in turn, and the optimal solution is selected. The optimal k-value in k-clustering is used to cluster samples. Through mathematical and physical analysis, we can determine the appropriate parameters of Eps and MinPts. Finally, we can get clustering results by DBSCAN clustering. Experiments show that this method can select parameters reasonably for DBSCAN clustering, which proves the superiority of the method described in this paper.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-210
Author(s):  
LANA ATMIM NUR

The government through the Ministry of National Education has planned a Vocational Development Program, one of which is to increase the number of existing SMKs so that in 2014 it is expected that the ratio of the number of SMKs: SMAs is 67%: 33% as stated in the 2010-2014 Ministry of National Education Strategic Plan policy. The author tries to research the development of Vocational High Schools (SMK) in Pontianak City by taking real data in the field seen from the aspect of the spectrum of expertise, the fulfillment of eight national education standards and the fulfillment of Human Resources which is more devoted to the availability of teachers. From these aspects, we can later see whether the real data that the author has obtained is in accordance with the economic activities of the city of Pontianak or not. This is done as an initial writing for the benefit of further vocational development, for example to consider the type of vocational expertise to be developed. This study uses a descriptive qualitative writing approach. The instrument used in writing is in the form of an observation sheet that has been made by Dikti. This observation sheet serves to record the data that the authors found on the subject of writing including the competence of skills in the visited vocational schools, school accreditation, and teacher profiles. The data needed in this paper were obtained through observation, interviews and documentation studies. The results of the study found that vocational schools with business and management expertise dominated the vocational schools in Pontianak city. This is not in line with economic activity which is dominated by the trade, restaurant and hotel sectors which should be fully supported by vocational schools with expertise in Arts, Crafts, and Tourism. In addition, there are also 314 productive teachers who support vocational education in Pontianak City ABSTRAKPemerintah melalui Kementerian Pendidikan Nasional telah merencanakan Program Pengembangan SMK yang salah satu diantaranya adalah dengan menambah jumlah SMK yang ada sehingga pada tahun 2014 diharapkan rasio jumlah SMK : SMA sebesar 67% : 33% sebagaimana tertuang dalam kebijakan Rencana Strategis Depdiknas 2010-2014. Penulis mencoba untuk meneliti tentang pengembangan Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) di Kota Pontianak dengan mengambil data-data riil yang ada di lapangan dilihat dari aspek spektrum keahlian, pemenuhan delapan standar nasional pendidikan dan pemenuhan Sumber Daya Manusia yang lebih dikhususkan pada ketersediaan guru. Dari aspek-aspek tersebut nantinya dapat kita lihat apakah data-data riil yang sudah penulis dapatkan sesuai dengan kegiatan perekonomian kota Pontianak atau tidak. Hal ini dilakukan sebagai penulisan awal untuk kepentingan pengembangan SMK selanjutnya, misalnya untuk mempertimbangan jenis keahlian SMK yang akan dikembangkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penulisan kualitatif deskriptif. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penulisan yaitu berupa lembar observasi yang sudah dibuat oleh Dikti. Lembar observasi ini berfungsi untuk mencatat data-data yang penulis temukan pada subjek penulisan meliputi kompetensi keahlian yang ada di SMK yang dikunjugi, akreditasi sekolah, dan profil guru. Data yang diperlukan pada penulisan ini diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil Penelitian didapati bahwa SMK dengan bidang keahlian bisnis dan manajemen mendominasi SMK yang ada di kota pontianak. Hal ini belum sejalan dengan kegiatan perekonomian dimana didominasi oleh sektor perdagangan, restoran dan hotel yang mestinya didukung penuh oleh SMK dengan bidang keahlian Seni, Kerajinan, dan Pariwisata. Selain itu terdata juga jumlah guru produktif sebanyak 314 guru yang mendukung pendidikan vokasi di Kota Pontianak


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayra R. Tocto-Erazo ◽  
Daniel Olmos-Liceaga ◽  
José A. Montoya

AbstractThe human movement plays an important rol in the spread of infectious diseases. On an urban scale, people move daily to workplaces, schools, among others. Here, we are interested in exploring the effect of the daily local stay on the variations of some characteristics of dengue dynamics such as the transmission rates and local basic reproductive numbers. For this, we use a two-patch mathematical model that explicitly considers that daily mobility of people and real data from the 2010 dengue outbreak in Hermosillo, Mexico. Based on a preliminary cluster analysis, we divide the city into two regions, the south and north sides, which determine each patch of the model. We use a Bayesian approach to estimate the transmission rates and local basic reproductive numbers of some urban mobility scenarios where residents of each patch spend daily the 100% (no human movement between patches), 75% and 50% of their day at their place of residence. For the north side, estimates of transmission rates do not vary and it is more likely that the local basic reproductive number to be greater than one for all three different scenarios. On the contrary, tranmission rates of the south side have more weight in lower values when consider the human movement between patches compared to the uncoupled case. In fact, local basic reproductive numbers less than 1 are not negligible for the south side. If information about commuting is known, this work might be useful to obtain better estimates of some contagion local properties of a patch, such as the basic reproductive number.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Andyka Kusuma ◽  
Tri Tjahjono ◽  
Nuzul Achjar

Traffic accident cost analysis is needed to predict potential losses of nation due to the emergence of traffic accident victims. The cost of traffic accidents in Indonesia is based on the characteristics of the City of Bandung in 2003, and it is shown that the cost of traffic accidents can vary according to regional characteristics. This study tries to compare the analytical approach in Bandung in 2003 with the Consumer Price Index and Human Development Index approaches for an area with medium accessibility, namely East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province. The location of traffic accidents greatly influences the cost of traffic accidents, because the costs on inter-city roads are relatively higher compared to those on roads in the city. This study shows that the cost of traffic accidents is related to accessibility of health facilities. This analysis can be developed for all regions in Indonesia, so that it can be used as a reference for traffic stakeholders in assessing the performance of the traffic safety programs implemented. Analisis biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas diperlukan untuk memprediksi potensi kerugian negara akibat timbulnya korban kecelakaan lalu lintas. Biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas di Indonesia dibangun berdasarkan karakteristik kota Bandung tahun 2003, dan diperlihatkan bahwa biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas dapat bervariasi sesuai dengan karakteristik wilayah. Penelitian ini mencoba membandingkan pendekatan analisis di Bandung tahun 2003 dengan pendekatan Indeks Harga Konsumen dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia untuk suatu wilayah dengan aksesibilitas menengah, yakni Lombok Timur, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Lokasi kecelakaan lalu lintas sangat mempengaruhi biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas, karena biaya di jalan antar kota relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan biaya di jalan dalam kota. Penelitian ini meperlihatkan bahwa biaya kecelakaan lalu lintas terkait dengan aksesibilitas fasilitas kesehatan. Analisis ini dapat dikembangkan untuk semua wilayah di Indonesia, sehingga dapat dijadikan acuan bagi pemangku kepentingan lalu lintas dalam menilai kinerja program keselamatan lalu lintas yang dijalankan.


Author(s):  
Mohamad Haidar

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the public perception of the quality of service in the public transit system in Montreal using a combination of analyses and surveys. The results are used to make recommendations to improve the STM and its perception. General guidelines of SERVQUAL with some additional questions that are more specific to the current social environment of the city are presented. A survey was conducted by asking 250 international graduate Concordia students to rate a series of statements based on the importance of the issue and how much they agreed with the statement, the results were analyzed using three methods: SERVQUAL, SERVPERF, and IPA. The improvement of timetable synchronization between different metro lines and buses is crucial, as well as the education of STM employees in terms of dealing with different ethnicities, languages, and backgrounds are found. The chapter is a rare outside look at the STM and how users perceive the quality of the service, as opposed to the usual internal studies done by the organization itself.


Author(s):  
Alexander Troussov ◽  
Sergey Maruev ◽  
Sergey Vinogradov ◽  
Mikhail Zhizhin

Techno-social systems generate data, which are rather different, than data, traditionally studied in social network analysis and other fields. In massive social networks agents simultaneously participate in several contexts, in different communities. Network models of many real data from techno-social systems reflect various dimensionalities and rationales of actor's actions and interactions. The data are inherently multidimensional, where “everything is deeply intertwingled”. The multidimensional nature of Big Data and the emergence of typical network characteristics in Big Data, makes it reasonable to address the challenges of structure detection in network models, including a) development of novel methods for local overlapping clustering with outliers, b) with near linear performance, c) preferably combined with the computation of the structural importance of nodes. In this chapter the spreading connectivity based clustering method is introduced. The viability of the approach and its advantages are demonstrated on the data from the largest European social network VK.


2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bottero

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-methodological approach for assessing the sustainability of urban projects. The proposed framework has the objective of addressing the different dimensions involved in the analysis (economic, environmental, social, technological, cultural, etc.), following the subsequent phases for the definition of the projects (from a very general masterplan to more detailed preliminary projects). Design/methodology/approach – The multi-methodological approach is organized according to subsequent steps, involving the application of different evaluation methods, namely SWOT analysis, multicriteria analysis, discounted cash flow analysis and sensitivity analysis. With the aim of better illustrating the proposed approach, the method is applied on a real case concerning the project of a new boulevard in the city of Skopje. Findings – The proposed approach resulted to be successful in structuring the complex planning context and in increasing and improving the information for the project, thus acting as a learning process. Originality/value – The paper is based on the experimentation of an hybrid approach for addressing planning process. The multi-methodological framework can be useful in supporting decision making process in the domain of urban projects. In this sense, the proposed framework is able to communicate the planners’, designers’ and decision maker’s perspectives, to enhance transparency in the decision process and thus to increase acceptance.


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