scholarly journals ОПТИМІЗАЦІЯ ОБСЯГУ НЕРЕЛЯЦІЙНОЇ БАЗИ ДАНИХ ТА ЧАСУ ДОСТУПУ ДО ДАННИХ ПРИ МНОЖИННИХ ЧАСТОТАХ РЕЄСТРАЦІЇ ПАРАМЕТРІВ

2018 ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Иванович Волков ◽  
Нина Николаевна Лопунова
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Least Common Multiple ◽  
Database Size ◽  
Test Flight ◽  
Multiple Frequencies ◽  
Background Mode

A non-relational database was developed at JSC Element for the recording operating parameters of GTE and systems during the test flight. The database is modernized version of one which is a part of the GTE test bench. The purpose of the database is the recording and analysis of GTE and systems operating parameters. The parameters are measured (collected) with multiple frequencies in range from fractions of Hz to tens of kHz. Number of recorded operating parameters is 1000+. Correspondingly the database file is huge and may reach tens of Gbytes. Number of different parameters recording frequencies is 10…20 (e.g. 20 parameters – 10 Hz, 30 parameters – 50 Hz, 20 parameters – 10000 Hz). Data reading and chart displaying should be possible as right after the test flight as just in parallel with database recording. There should be no significant delays in getting the data displayed independently from the zoom level chosen. The user should see the result in time comparable with time of the displayed chart perception making the user feel the smooth application operating and not interrupting the process of test flight result comprehension – main purpose of our product.However, min-max chart displaying (minimal and maximal value are found to render one-pixel vertical lines) requires processing of all the data for the corresponding time interval. Correspondingly, time to process data depends on that. In order to provide data quickly on user’s actions the sample is read according to the chart horizontal resolution. Then whole the data is processed in background mode to build min-max chart. This dual approach allows to surf the database quickly losing no details when the surfing is stopped.Modern computers and SSD drivers provides high I/O performance. However huge files can be neither quickly read nor stored in RAM. Therefore, to read data in parallel with the recording only the choice is to store the data blocks which are either indexed by the time stamp or fixed size. Our solution is based on fixed size approach with the constant offset of each parameter storing. Size of the block is calculated as least common multiple of all the frequencies the parameters are recorded with. According to our statistic the disk usage rate is 95%. As result the time to display the sample for 2000 timestamps is less than 0.5 sec independently for the database size and the displayed duration of the test flight.

scholarly journals Effect of the Assimilation Frequency of Radar Reflectivity on Rain Storm Prediction by Using WRF-3DVAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2103
Author(s):  
Yuchen Liu ◽  
Jia Liu ◽  
Chuanzhe Li ◽  
Fuliang Yu ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Radar Reflectivity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Outer Domain ◽  
Storm Prediction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Assimilation Time

An attempt was made to evaluate the impact of assimilating Doppler Weather Radar (DWR) reflectivity together with Global Telecommunication System (GTS) data in the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system of the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model on rain storm prediction in Daqinghe basin of northern China. The aim of this study was to explore the potential effects of data assimilation frequency and to evaluate the outputs from different domain resolutions in improving the meso-scale NWP rainfall products. In this study, four numerical experiments (no assimilation, 1 and 6 h assimilation time interval with DWR and GTS at 1 km horizontal resolution, 6 h assimilation time interval with radar reflectivity, and GTS data at 3 km horizontal resolution) are carried out to evaluate the impact of data assimilation on prediction of convective rain storms. The results show that the assimilation of radar reflectivity and GTS data collectively enhanced the performance of the WRF-3DVAR system over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region of northern China. It is indicated by the experimental results that the rapid update assimilation has a positive impact on the prediction of the location, tendency, and development of rain storms associated with the study area. In order to explore the influence of data assimilation in the outer domain on the output of the inner domain, the rainfall outputs of 3 and 1 km resolution are compared. The results show that the data assimilation in the outer domain has a positive effect on the output of the inner domain. Since the 3DVAR system is able to analyze certain small-scale and convective-scale features through the incorporation of radar observations, hourly assimilation time interval does not always significantly improve precipitation forecasts because of the inaccurate radar reflectivity observations. Therefore, before data assimilation, the validity of assimilation data should be judged as far as possible in advance, which can not only improve the prediction accuracy, but also improve the assimilation efficiency.

Improving Nurse’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Toward Nurse’s Role in Organ Donation Process in a Context-based Learning Course

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleiman Ahmady ◽  
Toktam Masoumian Hosseini ◽  
Mohsen Masoumian Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Learning Method ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Donation Process ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Nurse Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Abstract Background: The Nurse’ knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward their roles in the Organ Donation Process are extremely important to the success of organ donation. Therefore, the nurses involved with this phenomenon should be aware of their roles. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Context-Based Learning educational program on Nurse' knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Nurse's Role in Organ Donation Process.Methods: In this Experimental study, Through Random Assignment, 3 ICU Wards of Gheam Hospital of Mashhad university of medical science devoted to Context-based Learning (Intervention) and 6 Wards devoted to Workshop Group (Control). Then through the Stratified Random Sampling Allocation Method, Demandable Nurses That Determine based on Pilot Study Were Selected and Intervention Was Done on 60 ICU Nurses (each group, n=30(. The CBL Training was performed in 3 sessions, every session length 2 hours, and the Time Interval between Sessions was 1 week. In the workshop group, Intervention was performed in two stages, every stages length 3 hours and between two stages was last 1 week. Both groups before and 1 month after intervention complete the questionnaire of Assessing Nurse's Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about Nurse's Role in Organ Donation Process. Data Analysis was done by SPSS11.5 software and by using t-test, Paired test, Wilcoxon, Man-whinny, and Chi-Square.Results: Change Score of Knowledge in Context-Based Learning was (43/4± 13/1) greater Than Workshop Group (14/3± 4/0) that statistically was Significant (p<0/001). Also in Attitude Change Score in Context-Based Learning was (28/7 ± 21/2) greater Than the Workshop group (13/1± 8/7) which statistically was Significant (p<0/001). Furthermore, in Practice Change Score in Context-Based Learning was (73/6± 21/1) greater Than the Workshop group (23/3± 6/8) which statistically was Significant (p<0/001).Conclusion: Based on Results, the Context-Based Learning Method had more effect in increasing the average Level of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about the Nurse’s Role in the Organ Donation Process rather than the Workshop Method. It is therefore suggested to utilize Context-Based Learning Method for the education of Nurse's Role in Organ Donation Process.

scholarly journals Testing and evaluation of cold-start emissions from a gasoline engine in RDE test at two different ambient temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Kinga Skobiej ◽  
Karolina Kurtyka
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In order to better reflect the actual ecological performance of vehicles in traffic conditions, both the emission standards and the applied emission tests are being developed, for example by considering exhaust emissions for a cold engine start. This article presents the research results on the impact of ambient temperature during the cold start of a gasoline engine in road emission tests. The Real Driving Emissions (RDE) tests apply to passenger cars that meet the Euro 6 emissions norm and they are complementary to their type approval tests. A portable emissions measurement system was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters, as well as to measure the exhaust emissions during tests. This allowed for parameters such as engine load, engine speed and vehicle speed to be monitored. The cold start conditions for two different temperatures (8°C and 25°C) were compared in detail. Moreover, the engine operating parameters, exhaust concentration values and road emissions for the 300 s time interval, were compared. The summary of the article presents the share of a passenger car’s cold start phase for each exhaust compound in the urban part of the test and in the entire Real Driving Emissions test depending on the ambient temperature.

A Computer Compatible Multi-Purpose Event Recorder

Behaviour ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 268-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell D. Fernald ◽  
Peter Heinecke
Keyword(s):  
Paper Tape ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Event Recorder ◽  
Second Mode ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Paper Tape Reader ◽  
Intermediate Storage ◽  
Multi Mode

AbstractWe describe a multi-mode event recorder for registering behavioral events directly on a punched paper tape. The paper tape produced can be read by any computer equipped with a paper tape reader. For paper tape with an 8-bit code, 256 different events can be registered. The device itself can be operated in any one of four modes. In the first mode, pressing a key on the keyboard results in a unique code (hole combination) being punched on the paper tape. In the second mode of operation, a sequentially increasing number ("time") is punched automatically at preset intervals. In addition, other codes may be entered via the keyboard. A time punch may thus be used to signal that an observation should be entered from the keyboard. In the third mode, the machine punches, at regular intervals, the code of the key currently depressed. In mode 4, external events are counted for a given time interval and the sum punched onto the tape at the end of the interval. With each punch, the sum is reset to zero. The paper tapes produced are read directly and the data processed according to the program. This results in a great reduction in the time necessary to process data. The system is compared with other devices which use magnetic tape as an intermediate storage device. The main advantage of this system is the time saved in processing data.

scholarly journals Disembodied Mind: Cortical Changes Following Brainstem Injury in Patients with Locked-in Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Pistoia ◽  
Riccardo Cornia ◽  
Massimiliano Conson ◽  
Olivia Gosseries ◽  
Antonio Carolei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Insular Cortex ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Pars Opercularis

Locked-in syndrome (LIS) following ventral brainstem damage is the most severe form of motor disability. Patients are completely entrapped in an unresponsive body despite consciousness is preserved. Although the main feature of LIS is this extreme motor impairment, minor non-motor dysfunctions such as motor imagery defects and impaired emotional recognition have been reported suggesting an alteration of embodied cognition, defined as the effects that the body and its performances may have on cognitive domains. We investigated the presence of structural cortical changes in LIS, which may account for the reported cognitive dysfunctions. For this aim, magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired in 11 patients with LIS (6 males and 5 females; mean age: 52.3±5.2SD years; mean time interval from injury to evaluation: 9±1.2SD months) and 44 healthy control subjects matching patients for age, sex and education. Freesurfer software was used to process data and to estimate cortical volumes in LIS patients as compared to healthy subjects. Results showed a selective cortical volume loss in patients involving the superior frontal gyrus, the pars opercularis and the insular cortex in the left hemisphere, and the superior and medium frontal gyrus, the pars opercularis, the insular cortex, and the superior parietal lobule in the right hemisphere. As these structures are typically associated with the mirror neuron system, which represents the neural substrate for embodied simulation processes, our results provide neuroanatomical support for potential disembodiment in LIS.

scholarly journals Relating Convective and Stratiform Rain to Latent Heating

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1874-1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Kuo Tao ◽  
Stephen Lang ◽  
Xiping Zeng ◽  
Shoichi Shige ◽  
Yukari Takayabu
Keyword(s):  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Radiative Heating ◽  
Latent Heating ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Light Rain ◽  
Eddy Heat Flux ◽  
Simulated Precipitation ◽  
Rain Rates

Abstract The relationship among surface rainfall, its intensity, and its associated stratiform amount is established by examining observed precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR). The results show that for moderate–high stratiform fractions, rain probabilities are strongly skewed toward light rain intensities. For convective-type rain, the peak probability of occurrence shifts to higher intensities but is still significantly skewed toward weaker rain rates. The main differences between the distributions for oceanic and continental rain are for heavily convective rain. The peak occurrence, as well as the tail of the distribution containing the extreme events, is shifted to higher intensities for continental rain. For rainy areas sampled at 0.5° horizontal resolution, the occurrence of conditional rain rates over 100 mm day−1 is significantly higher over land. Distributions of rain intensity versus stratiform fraction for simulated precipitation data obtained from cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations are quite similar to those from the satellite, providing a basis for mapping simulated cloud quantities to the satellite observations. An improved convective–stratiform heating (CSH) algorithm is developed based on two sources of information: gridded rainfall quantities (i.e., the conditional intensity and the stratiform fraction) observed from the TRMM PR and synthetic cloud process data (i.e., latent heating, eddy heat flux convergence, and radiative heating/cooling) obtained from CRM simulations of convective cloud systems. The new CSH algorithm-derived heating has a noticeably different heating structure over both ocean and land regions compared to the previous CSH algorithm. Major differences between the new and old algorithms include a significant increase in the amount of low- and midlevel heating, a downward emphasis in the level of maximum cloud heating by about 1 km, and a larger variance between land and ocean in the new CSH algorithm.

Application of Improved Voltage Compensation in the SEM to Imaging of Organic Materials

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
P.J. Killingworth ◽  
M. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
Specimen Material ◽  
Voltage Compensation ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultimate resolution in the scanning electron microscope is determined not only by the diameter of the incident electron beam, but by interaction of that beam with the specimen material. Generally, while minimum beam diameter diminishes with increasing voltage, due to the reduced effect of aberration component and magnetic interference, the excited volume within the sample increases with electron energy. Thus, for any given material and imaging signal, there is an optimum volt age to achieve best resolution.In the case of organic materials, which are in general of low density and electric ally non-conducting; and may in addition be susceptible to radiation and heat damage, the selection of correct operating parameters is extremely critical and is achiev ed by interative adjustment.

Electron sources: Past, present, and future

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 764-765
Author(s):  
David C Joy
Keyword(s):  
Glass Tube ◽  
Source Size ◽  
Electron Gun ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Electron Sources ◽  
Difficult Decision ◽  
Probe Size ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Overall Performance

The electron source is the most important component of the Scanning electron microscope (SEM) since it is this which will determine the overall performance of the machine. The gun performance can be described in terms of quantities such as its brightness, its source size, its energy spread, and its stability and, depending on the chosen application, any of these factors may be the most significant one. The task of the electron gun in an SEM is, in fact, particularly difficult because of the very wide range of operational parameters that may be required e.g a variation in probe size of from a few angstroms to a few microns, and a probe current which may go from less than a pico-amp to more than a microamp. This wide range of operating parameters makes the choice of the optimum source for scanning microscopy a difficult decision.Historically, the first step up from the sealed glass tube ‘cathode ray generator’ was the simple, diode, tungsten thermionic emitter.

Engaging Undergraduate Students in Child Language Research

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-16
Author(s):  
Jade H. Coston ◽  
Corine Myers-Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Student Growth ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Research Knowledge ◽  
Research Dissemination ◽  
Language Sampling ◽  
Language Research ◽  
Language Sample Analysis ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Assessment Techniques

To better prepare the professionals and scholars of tomorrow in the field of communication sciences and disorders (CSD), a research project in which undergraduate students collected and analyzed language samples of child-parent dyads is presented. Student researchers gained broad and discipline-specific inquiry skills related to the ethical conduct of research, the literature review process, data collection using language assessment techniques, language sample analysis, and research dissemination. Undergraduate students majoring in CSD developed clinical research knowledge, skills, and dispositions necessary for future graduate level study and professional employment. In addition to the benefits of student growth and development, language samples collected through this project are helping to answer research questions regarding communicative turn-taking opportunities within the everyday routines of young children, the effects of turn-taking interactions on language development, and the construct validity of language sampling analysis techniques.

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