scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Searching and Optimization Techniques in Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Antim Panghal
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
And Mathematics

Solving a problem mean looking for a solution, which is best among others. Finding a solution to a problem in Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence is often thought as a process of search through the space of possible solutions. On the other hand in Engineering and Mathematics it is thought as a process of optimization i.e. to find a best solution or an optimal solution for a problem. These reduce search space and improve its efficiency. At each and every step of search,it select which have the least futility. In this paper ,We categorize the different AI search and optimization techniques in a tabular form on the basis of their merits and demerits to make it easy to choose a technique for a particular problem.

scholarly journals El sesgo de la máquina en la toma de decisiones en el proceso penal.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-71
Author(s):  
Raquel Borges Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Intelligent Machines ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
The One

Artificial intelligence has countless advantages in our lives. On the one hand, computer’s capacity to store and connect data is far superior to human capacity. On the other hand, its “intelligence” also involves deep ethical problems that the law must respond to. I say “intelligence” because nowadays machines are not intelligent. Machines only use the data that a human being has previously offered as true. The truth is relative and the data will have the same biases and prejudices as the human who programs the machine. In other words, machines will be racist, sexist and classist if their programmers are. Furthermore, we are facing a new problem: the difficulty to understand the algorithm of those who apply the law.This situation forces us to rethink the criminal process, including artificial intelligence and spinning very thinly indicating how, when, why and under what assumptions we can make use of artificial intelligence and, above all, who is going to program it. At the end of the day, as Silvia Barona indicates, perhaps the question should be: who is going to control global legal thinking?

scholarly journals Applicability of Artificial Intelligence in Decision-Making for Land Forces

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 039-054
Author(s):  
Paul Tudorache
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Military

Similar to other fields, also in the military one, the Artificial Intelligence has become recently an evident solution for optimizing specific processes and activities. Therefore, this research paper aims to highlight the potential uses of Artificial Intelligence in the military operations carried out by the Land Forces. In this regard, analysing the framework of the operations process and applying suitable research methodology, the main findings are related to AI’s contributions in optimizing commander’s decisions during the progress of planning and execution. On the other hand, picturing the AI upgrated combat power of the Land Forces is another significant result of this study.

Abstrakcja, obiekty i cywilizacja globalna

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Robert Janusz
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Logical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Exact Description

The article is about an interaction between philosophy and informatics. The discussion is based on a complex example - a country, which has an evolving domain. In contemporary computer science very complex systems are modeled. However it would be impossible to model such systems with every detail, because it would be too difficult, it would be as complex as the reality itself. Frequently complex domains don't have an exact description of their behavior: some have an inadequate description, some have a contradictory one. To model such complex domains a computer science specialist acts like a philosopher: makes classifications, explanations, etc. On the other hand there have to be some philosophical presuppositions - a conviction that a logical analysis and design will work in the domain being modeled: a postulate is introduced that logos is able to capture-in the reality. The descriptions are continuously purified from irrational influences.

The Effects of Industry 4.0 on Labor Force Attributes and New Challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-454
Author(s):  
Mehmet Saim Aşçı
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Challenges

Unmanned factories became a topic of discussion after the concept of Industry 4.0 was first introduced in the Hannover Fair in 2001, and increasing the computerization level in business life and supporting the production processes with advanced technology were determined as targets. In this regard, artificial intelligence and increased automation are expected to create new kinds of jobs in the coming years; however, a significant problem is predicted considering that these changes will invalidate a high number of job types exist today. Thus, the workforce will face a severe unemployment threat. As a result of all of this, radical changes in the work methods, along with means of seeking employment, are now considered. The qualities of the work and the workforce are being transformed along with the organization methods of the production. While on the other hand, it becomes evident that education also has to adapt to this transformation. In this study, the issues the labor might have to face during this period will be discussed, along with what could be done to solve these problems.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized enterprises: Comparative study between Slovakia and Poland for the years 2001–2007

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ubrežiová ◽  
K. Wach ◽  
J. Horváthová
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Regional Structure ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Supporting System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Impact

The main attention of the submitted paper is devoted to the comparison of development of entrepreneurship in Slovak and Polish small and medium-sized he enterprise sector. The conditions for blooming entrepreneurship are created in the national economy. Especially the role of SMEs in the transition economy, both in Slovakia and Poland, has the impact on SMEs. The entrepreneurship of small and medium-sized enterprises is extended in the whole Slovakia. From the viewpoint of the regional structure, most enterprises are located in the Bratislavský region (30.4%), Košický region (11.8%), Žilinský region (10.1%) and Trenčianský region (10.1%). On the other hand, the least of enterprises were registered in the Nitrianský region (8.9%), Trnavský region (9.2%) and Banskobystrický region (9.6%). Small and medium entrepreneurship is diversed throughout Poland. The average small and medium entreprenership ratio is 44.5, while the highest is in the Mazowieckie region – 55.2% and the lowest in the Podkarpackie region – 30 %. The supporting system for private entrepreneurship in both countries, Slovakia and Poland, is very similar and the entrepreneurs are satisfied with its offer and help.

A Comparative Study of Embelia Schiperi and Embelia Keniensis on Blood Glucose and Triglycerides in Normal and Epinephrine- Induced Hyperglycemic Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 365-370
Author(s):  
Atsushi Kato ◽  
Toshihiro Miura ◽  
Yumi Nishiyama ◽  
Yoko Tachibana ◽  
Yasuhiro Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lowering Activity

Intraperitoneal administration of the methanol extract of Embelia schiperi (ES) to normal mice caused a significant decrease in blood glucose (p < 0.01) and a significant increase in triglycerides 4 hours after administration at 100 mg/kg (p < 0.01). The toluene fraction of Embelia keniensis methanol extract (TS) showed hypoglycemic and lipid lowering activity 7 hours after intraperitoneal administration at 100 mg/kg. In addition, TS (100 mg/kg) administration significantly decreased blood glucose in epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice (p < 0.01). Moreover, ES tended to increase while TS tended to decrease the blood triglycerides in epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice. On the other hand, no changes in blood cholesterol were observed after the administration of ES or TS in normal and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice. We found that two species from Embelia, ES and TS, have different activities on blood glucose and triglycerides in normal and epinephrine-induced hyperglycemic mice.

Nesting Arbitrary Shapes Using Geometric Mating

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Chan Yu ◽  
Souran Manoochehri
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Problem ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reasonable Time ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Object Relative ◽  
Arbitrary Shapes

A genetic algorithm-based optimization method is proposed for solving the problem of nesting arbitrary shapes. Depending on the number of objects and the size of the search space, realizing an optimal solution within a reasonable time may not be possible. In this paper, a mating concept is introduced to reduce the solution time. Mating between two objects is defined as the positioning of one object relative to the other by merging common features that are assigned by the mating condition between them. A constrained move set is derived from a mating condition that allows the transformation of the object in each mating pair to be fully constrained with respect to the other. Properly mated objects can be placed together, thus reducing the overall computation time. Several examples are presented to demonstrate the efficiency of utilizing the mating concept to solve a nesting optimization problem.

scholarly journals A comparative study of using formalin in fish of Tangail and Tongi town

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
Luthfunnesa Bari ◽  
M Ariful Islam ◽  
Zannatul Ferdous ◽  
M Atiqul Azman ◽  
Shahanaz Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Industrial Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fish Samples

Context: Recent reports of media have brought great attention to the problem of formalin used by whole sellers and venders in preserving fish. It is evident from several studies that fish items in different markets in Bangladesh are treated with formalin for preservation which is highly hazardous and carcinogenic chemical. Objectives: The study was undertaken to determine the presence of formalin in fishes collected from various wet markets of Tangail and Tongi town. Materials and Methods: From 12 selected wet markets, various species of fishes were collected and presence of formalin was detected using the “formalin detection kit in fish” developed by Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR). Results: It was found that 16 fishes were formalin contaminated out of 192 fish samples in which 0% in Santosh bazar, 11.11% in Soi ani bazar, 13.33% in Park bazar, 14.81% in Old bus stand bazar, 0% in Chara bari bazar and 12.82% in New bus stand bazar of Tangail town. On the other hand, 33 formalin contaminated fish out of 171 were obtained in which 0% in Coto bazar, 20% in Gazipura bus stand bazar, 37.5% in Chourasta bazar, 0% in Boro bari bazar, 36.36% in CheragAli bazar and 20% in Tongi bazar of Tongi town. The study indicates that almost 8.33% of fish samples in Tangail town and 19.29% of fish samples in Tongi town were formalin contaminated. Conclusion: The present study revealed that in Tangail town 75% imported fish and 25% local fishes were formalin contaminated whereas in Tongi town, 82% imported fishes and 18% local fishes were formalin contaminated. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v21i0.22518 J. bio-sci. 21: 43-49, 2013

scholarly journals Cognitive Challenges in Human–Artificial Intelligence Collaboration: Investigating the Path Toward Productive Delegation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Fügener ◽  
Jörn Grahl ◽  
Alok Gupta ◽  
Wolfgang Ketter
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Knowledge Work ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

A consensus is beginning to emerge that the next phase of artificial intelligence (AI) induction in business organizations will require humans to work with AI in a variety of work arrangements. This article explores the issues related to human capabilities to work with AI. A key to working in many work arrangements is the ability to delegate work to entities that can do them most efficiently. Modern AI can do a remarkable job of efficient delegation to humans because it knows what it knows well and what it does not. Humans, on the other hand, are poor judges of their metaknowledge and are not good at delegating knowledge work to AI—this might prove to be a big stumbling block to create work environments where humans and AI work together. Humans have often created machines to serve them. The sentiment is perhaps exemplified by Oscar Wilde’s statement that “civilization requires slaves…. Human slavery is wrong, insecure and demoralizing. On mechanical slavery, on the slavery of the machine, the future of the world depends.” However, the time has come when humans might switch roles with machines. Our study highlights capabilities that humans need to effectively work with AI and still be in control rather than just being directed.

scholarly journals معايير التأثر والتأثير بين رواية زينب وفريدة هانم: دراسة مقارنة (The Criteria of Influence and Effect between the Novel of Zainab and Faridah Hanum: A Comparative Study)

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
روسني بن سامة (Rosni Bin Samah)
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Status ◽  
Literary Circles

ملخص البحث:تعد رواية فريدة هانم الماليزية أول رواية فنية في الأدب الماليزي الحديث، حيث اتفق الأدباء والباحثون على ذلك، ولكنهم اختلفوا في أصليتها الإبداعية لوجود تصوير البيئة المصرية لأحداثها. ومن جهة أخرى عاش البطل في الرواية من بدايتها حتى نهايتها في القاهرة، ومنهم من رأى بأنها رواية مترجمة من الرواية العربية، ومن منهم من رأى بأنها رواية إبداعية ابتدعها الراوي بتصوير البيئة المصرية. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن حقيقة أمرها بتجلية معايير تأثرها برواية زينب، حيث قام الباحث بالمقارنة بين الروايتين، وتوصلت النتائج إلى أن رواية فريدة هانم الماليزية تأثرت برواية زينب المصرية ولكن راويها لا يترجم تلك الرواية بل قام بالاطلاع عليها ثم صاغها بصياغته الجديدة مع رعاية البيئة المصرية وعاء لها.الكلمات المفتاحية: رواية هانم المصرية- رواي هانم الماليزية- معاير الرواية -المقارنة- التشابه.Abstract:Faridah Hanum is regarded as the first  Malay novel in Modern Malay Literature by the literary circles and researchers but they are in disagreement on the originality of its creativity features since its setting is Egyptian. On the other hand, its hero lived in Cairo from the beginning of the story until the end. Some of them viewed that it is a translated version of an Arabic novel while others still see it as a creative work with an Egyptian background. This study aims at discovering the truth about the status of the novel through pointing out the influences of the Arabic novel “Zainab” on it. This is done through comparing between the two novels. It is concluded that the Malay novel “Faridah Hanum” indeed had been influenced by “Zainab”, but it is not a translation but rather the writer happened to have read the Zainab novel but later on tried to put the story in  a new plot though he did retain the Egytian background as the setting.Keywords: Hanum Egyptian Novel–  Hanim the Malaysian novelist– Standards of Novel – Comparison– Similarities.Abstrak:Faridah Hanum dianggap sebagai novel Melayu pertama dalam kesusasteraan Melayu moden oleh kumpulan sasterawan dan penyelidik-penyelidik namun mereka masih lagi berada dalam percanggahan tentang keasliannya kerana persekitarannya yang berlatarkan sebuah negara asing: Mesir kerana wiranya tinggal di Kaherah dari permulaan cerita sehinggalah ke penghujungnya. Sebahagian dar mereka melihat yang ia adalah satu terjemahan satu novel Arab manakala yang lain masih menyaksikan ia adala satu hasil kerja kreatif dengan hanya menggunakan latar belakang Mesir. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan beberapa fakta tentang status novel tersebut dengan melihat kepada pengaruh-pengaruh novel Arab “Zainab”  yang terdapat padanya. Ini dilaksanakan melalui perbandingan antara dua novel tersebut. Kesimpulannya, novel Melayu “Faridah Hanum” sememangnya telah dipengaruhi oleh “Zainab”, namun ia bukan satu terjemahan tetapi penulis telah berpeluang  membaca novel Zainab dan kemudiannya cuba untuk meletakkan cerita dalam satu plot baru walaupun dia mengekalkan latar belakang Mesir sebagai persekitaran ceritanya.Kata kunci: Orang Mesir– Hanum– Hanim novelis Malaysia– Piawaian Novel– Persamaan-persamaan– Perbandingan.

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