scholarly journals Formation of meat productivity of bulls depending on the level of feeding

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (95) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
Ya. I. Pivtorak ◽  
I. Yu. Salamakha ◽  
I. P. Holodiuk ◽  
O. O. Mil ◽  
B. S. Denkovich
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Meat Productivity

The materials of the publication continue to reflect the results of long-term research conducted by the Department of Animal Feeding and Feed Technology on lactating cows and fattening bulls. The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of the formation of meat productivity by bulls of Volyn meat breed depending on the level of feeding, which in the same diets fully meets the needs of animals in nutrients, namely: dry matter, available energy, protein fraction, carbohydrates, mineral, and biologically active substances. Theoretical issues concerning the organization of complete nutrition of specialized meat breeds with year-round uniform feeding using haylage-type mono-feed are relevant especially in the practice of fattening young animals to obtain veal and young beef. This type of feed according to our recipe is made on the farm “Pchany-Denkovych”. More complex feeds of a mixture of three, four, and five components have also been developed, and the field produces compound feed, which is called grain haylage. Diets of this type do not require the use of concentrated feed in livestock fattening. This approach is reflected in the materials of scientific and practical publications on the intensity of functional processes of muscle tissue growth without excess fat. The data obtained in our studies allow us to conclude that there is a direct relationship between the total protein content in muscle tissue and the nutritional qualities of diet food. It is such components of mono-feed as corn cobs of milk-wax ripeness and soybean pods that provide a relatively high protein content in the feed, which provided high average daily gains in live weight with a limited number of concentrates. The control slaughter of bulls at the end of the experiment showed that the average pre-slaughter live weight was at the level of 541–501 kg. Slaughter yield of carcasses was directly dependent on the structure of the diet with a small group difference, which was in the range of 0.8–1.2 % compared to the first group, whose diet compensated for the need of animals for energy and protein through concentrates and was usually more expensive. Thus, the replacement of some concentrates in terms of the nutritional value of the second and third groups does not lead to a significant negative impact on the morphological composition of carcasses, which gives reason to believe the effectiveness of such diets. Studies on fattening bulls of the Volyn meat breed give grounds to claim that the harvest of mono-feed (corn-soybean) haylage type, the nutritional value of which is more than 0.5 feed. from contains a sufficient amount of protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, provides high average daily gains in live weight, and has a positive effect on the quality of young beef. The production of this type of fodder allows producing 78.1–99.8 quintals of fodder from 1 ha of fodder area, respectively. from and 6.1–13.9 quintals of digestible protein and makes it possible to reduce the cost of concentrated feed in the structure of animal diets for fattening.

Infl uence of crossbreeding and level of feeding on microstructural indicators of lamb

2020 ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
I. I. Dmitrik
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Marbling Score ◽  
Sheep Meat ◽  
Histological Method ◽  
Meat Productivity

When studying indicators that characterize the quality of meat and its nutritional value as part of the development and improvement of existing research methods, histological analysis of the tissues included in it becomes increasingly important. Histological method has been used to study the microstructure of muscle tissue (m. longissimus dorsi) and chemical composition in sheep of diff erent genotypes and reared at diff erent feeding levels. It has been found that the muscle tissue of sheep obtained from crossbreeding of breeds North Caucasus (SC) with Texel (T) has been characterized by a large amount of muscle fi bers by 5,0 and 11,3 % (P < 0,05), the smaller amount by 5,7 and 18,6 % (P < 0,05) in diameter, a higher “marbling” score by 5,2 and 8,3 points, and the lower content of connective tissue by 0,8 and 1,3 abs.% compared to purebreds North Caucasian and from crossbreeding North Caucasian with Poll Dorset breed (PD). Chemical analysis of meat revealed a tendency to increase the content of dry matter and fat by 1,1 and 0,1 abs. % in lamb genotype T×SC and less than the amount by 1,1 and 0,1 abs.% moisture compared to purebreds and PD×SC. Increasing the energy supply of sheep, regardless of breed affi liation, contributes to the formation by 10 % more number of muscle fi bers per unit area and the decrease in their diameter, which increases the “marbling” of lamb and increases its consumer quality. The results have been obtained indicate the feasibility of using morphometric indicators of muscle tissue in the development of criteria for assessing the quality of sheep meat productivity, intended for practical use in agriculture and the meat industry.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE AND CULTIVATION CONDITIONS OF OATS IN THE CONTENTS OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN GRAIN

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Sergey Aleksandrovich Gerasimov ◽  
Vadim Igorevich Polonskiy ◽  
Alena Vladimirovna Sumina ◽  
Nikolay Aleksandrovich Surin ◽  
Aleksey Gennad'yevich Lipshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Negative Links

With the aim of studying the influence of genotype and climatic conditions on the content of β-glucans, fat and protein in grain, oat samples were grown in the Krasnoyarsk territory region and the Republic of Khakassia for three years. The object was 1 naked and 2 husked samples of oats of Krasnoyarsk selection. The content of β-glucans and fat was measured on an automatic grain analyzer Infratec Analyzer 1241 using 50 ml cuvette. In parallel, standard methods were used to measure other chemical and physical characteristics of oat grain: protein content in the grain, its filminess, weight of 1000 grains. It was found that the husked samples formed a grain with a content of β-glucan in it about 3% and naked over 4%, while a noticeable advantage of the naked sample compared with the husked in the content of protein and fat in the grain was found. Cultivation of different oat samples in two geographical areas of Eastern Siberia for three years showed insignificant positive impact of climatic conditions of Khakassia on the content of β-glucans in grain, its size and filthiness and negative impact on fat and protein content. Comparison of the content of β-glucans and fat in oat grain of three varieties from two geographical points revealed a significant effect of the genotype (63.6 and 66.6%, respectively) and a slight influence of the point of cultivation, as well as the interaction of the genotype×point. The existence of strong negative links between the weight of 1000 grains and the content of β-glucans, fat or protein in the grain, as well as strong positive reliable links between the content of β-glucans and fat in the grain.

scholarly journals Influence of biologically active compounds on milk production and metabolism of lactating cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 203 ◽  
pp. 01005
Author(s):  
Roini Sharvadze ◽  
Elena Gaidukova ◽  
Tamara Krasnoshchekova ◽  
Ketevan Babukhadiya ◽  
Andrey Burmaga
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Lactating Cows

Dairy farming is a strategic and most efficient branch of agriculture. Milk production depends on a number of factors. The practical experience of many scientists has shown that an increase in the milk productivity of cows is possible when the rations are fed in the form of complete feed mixtures (mono feed). Despite the fact that such a feeding technology contributes to an increase in milk productivity of cows, there are problems in the new calving period, related to their health. After calving, during the milking period, the cows lose their live weight, they quickly acquire metabolic disorders (liver steatosis, ketosis, acidosis, etc.). To prevent such pathological processes, it is necessary to feed energy-compensating supplements in the new calving period. One of the solutions of this problems is the inclusion of biologically active compounds in feed mixtures. In our research these are feed additives “Ecostimul-2” and “Active Mix". In the process of experimental studies, the effect of feed additives “Ecostimul-2” and “Active Mix” during their separate and joint feeding to lactating cows in the new calving period on their milk productivity and metabolism was studied. As a result of the experimental studies, it was found that feeding the used additives to cows in the new calving period promotes an increase in milk yield and a faster recovery of reproductive functions.

The use in the rations of lactating cows rapeseed presscake and PVMA

2020 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
I. Ivanova ◽  
Yu. Karmatskikh
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Increase In Productivity ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Active Substances

When balancing ration it is necessary to remember that the active factors of feeding are not the feed itself, but the content of nutrients and biologically active substances in them. It has been developed and physiologically justified feeding rations of cows during increasing the milk yield period, which are based on succulent feed, hay, grain and rapeseed presscake and a source of minerals and vitamins PVMA have been used. The experimental part of the work has been carried out in the winterstall period in the educational and experimental farm in the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals. It has been found that from cows of the experimental group during the increasing the milk yield period 1503 kg of milk containing 3,98 % fat and 2,87 % protein has been obtained. Animals of the experimental group exceeded cows of the control group in milk yield by 90 kg (P > 0,95), in terms of fat and protein content in milk their superiority was 0,37 abs.% (P > 0,999) and 0,21 abs.% (P> 0,999). Input into the rations of lactating cows rapeseed presscake in the amount of 2 kg/ head/day and PVMA in the amount of 100 g during 3 months of lactation gives an increase in productivity for the entire lactation in the experimental group by 572 kg of milk with additional products by 2745,2 Rubles can be obtained more. The positive effect of the input of rapeseed presscake in the rations of lactating cows in the amount of 2 kg/head has been established/day and PVMA in the amount of 100 g in the period of following on the subsequent productivity of animals.

scholarly journals Protein metabolism, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue in Large White weaners

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
V. Khalak ◽  
A. Horchanok ◽  
O. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Serum Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Biochemical

We presented the blood serum biochemical parameters, physicochemical properties and chemical composition of muscle tissue in Large White weaners of British origin. We found that serum biochemical parameters in five months weaners were within the physiological norm (the content of total protein was 71.28 g/l (?V = 8.16%), creatinine concentration was 155.62 µmol L-1 (?V = 14.13%). Studies of physicochemical properties and chemical composition of samples of Longissinus dorsi muscle of Large White young pigs show that the number of high quality samples in terms of moisture holding capacity, % is 12.0%, colour intensity, units of ext.×1000 – 16.0%, tenderness, s – 12.0% and fat content, % – 16.0%. We revealed significant correlations between moisture holding capacity and protein content (r = -0.484, tr = 2.65), moisture holding capacity and hygroscopic moisture content (r = 0.402, tr = 2.11). The correlation between total protein content in blood serum and fat content in muscle tissue was -0.257 (tr = 1.28), whereas the correlation between serum total protein content and calcium content in muscle tissue was 0.375 (tr = 1.94).

Hulless barley in compound feed for quails

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
S. Shpуnova ◽  
O. Yadrishchenskaya ◽  
T. Selina ◽  
E. Basova
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
High Quality Protein ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group

In recent years, the Russian poultry industry has been successfully developing because of the use of modern crosses, as well as technologies for poultry housing and feeding. The development of quail farming as an eff ective source of dietary and delicacy products is promising. One of the most important conditions for successful breeding of quails is the organization of complete feeding, which involves the use of high-quality protein and energy feed in the diets. It is very important to maximize the use of local raw materials. In this series, a special place is occupied by hulless barley, which is characterized by a reduced content of hard-to-digest fi ber, and therefore has the increased nutritional value for poultry. Therefore, it is of particular relevance to study the input of various varieties of hulless barley in the composition of compound feed for poultry. The purpose of the research was to study the infl uence of compound feed using hulless barley of Siberian selection on the meat productivity of quails. The results of the study on quails using compound feed with 10 % hulless barley have been presented in the article. It has been found that the expenditures of feed per 1 kg of live weight gain in the experimental group of quails have been higher by 3,6 % due to better assimilation of feed nutrients. The live weight of quails in the experimental group has been increased by 4,31 %, while the average daily feed intake has been increased by 0,62 %. Data from the balance experiment have shown that protein digestibility has increased by 1,81 % in the experimental group. It has been found that the use of compound feed with 10 % of hulless barley is of practical signifi cance in relation with the increase in the productivity of quails and the profi tability of meat production by 8,3 %.

CALCULATION OF NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF TARGETED COMPOUND FEEDS FOR DIETS OF HIGHLY PRODUCTIVE LACTATING COWS

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Р.В. НЕКРАСОВ ◽  
А.С. АНИКИН
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Lactating Cows

Рассмотрен вопрос расчета питательности адресных комбикормов для высокопродуктивных лактирующих коров в соответствии с современными нормами потребности в питательных веществах. В исследовании использована модель, разработанная в ФГБНУ ФНЦ ВИЖ им. Л.К. Эрнста, для расчета потребностей высокопродуктивных лактирующих коров в обменной энергии и питательных веществах с использованием факториального метода. В ней учтены показатели продуктивности (суточные удои), изменения живой массы, сроки стельности, упитанность, активность животных, МДЖ, МДБ в молоке на любой период лактации для высокопродуктивных лактирующих коров. В модели расчетов потребности лактирующих коров рассчитываются для рациона с одной составляющей, что не позволяет динамично изменять состав рациона в зависимости от периода лактации. Предложенная модель расчета построена на следующих принципах: рацион лактирующих коров состоит из двух составляющих (основная часть рациона и адресный комбикорм).Основная часть рациона обеспечивает от 5 до 15 кг молока в сутки. Продуктивность сверх данного уровня обеспечивается адресным комбикормом. Результаты расчета содержания энергии и питательных веществ для адресных комбикормов показаны на примере потребности в питательных веществах для молочных коров с удоем 8000 кг молока за лактацию (содержание в молоке жира — 3,8—4,0% и белка — 3,2%, живая масса взрослого животного — 600 кг, упитанность — 3,25 балла). The issue of calculating the nutritional value of targeted compound feeds for highly productive lactating cows in accordance with modern standards of nutrient requirements is considered. The study uses a model developed at the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, for calculating the needs of highly productive lactating cows for metabolic energy and nutrients using the factorial method. The model for calculating the nutritional value of targeted compound feeds for high-yielding lactating cows takes into account productivity indicators (daily milk yield), changes in live weight, pregnancy terms, fatness, animal activity, % of fat and protein in milk for any lactation period for high-yielding lactating cows. In this calculation model, the needs of lactating cows are calculated for a diet with a single component, i.e. feed is included in the diet as a component of the concentrate part of the diet. This does not allow you to dynamically change the composition of the diet depending on the lactation period. The proposed calculation model is based on the following principles: the diet of lactating cows consists of two components (the main part of the diet and targeted feed). The main part of the diet provides from 5 to 15 kg of milk per day. Productivity above this level is provided by targeted feed. The results of calculating the energy and nutrient content for targeted compound feeds are shown by the example of the nutritional requirements for dairy cows with a milk yield of 8000 kg of milk per lactation (the content of fat in milk is 3.8—4.0% and protein is 3.2%, the live weight of an adult animal is 600 kg, body fatness is 3.25 points).

MEAT PRODUCTIVITY OF PIGS DEPENDING ON CATTLE MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Долженкова ◽  
Galina Dolzhenkova ◽  
Галиева ◽  
Zulfiya Galieva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Large White ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

The purpose of the study is to identify the best pigs hygienic conditions through the effective functioning of the systems provide controlled microclimate in the buildings. Comparative evaluation of fattening and meat qualities of pigs depending on hygienic conditions of detention were held in Meleuz (group 1), Belebeevsky (group 2) and Ilichesky (group 3) pig farms of LLC «Bashkir bacon». To conduct research in these enterprises on the principle of analogues with regard to origin, age and live weight were formed the experimental group of weaned piglets of Large white breed 25 heads. The studies were conducted at identical feed the background with the use of full-feed in a stack according to the age and breeding programs. In all groups feed was used the same batch of manufacture. The feed consumption was determined according to the group based on the actual amount of feed consumed during the period of fattening. Studies have shown that zoo-hygienic conditions of breeding and fattening to a certain extent, affect not only the intensity of increase in live weight, but also on fattening and meat quality of pigs. It was found that the identified zoohygienic parameters do not have a significant negative impact for the hygienic characteristics of raw meat. The results of author&#180;s research as well as recommendations developed on the basis of the conducted research, adopted for implementation in the units of LLC «Bashkir bacon». The data below show that the index of massiveness that reflect the main feature of the habitus, in pigs of group I was higher than in group II at 2.0% and III – by 3.7%.

scholarly journals Profile and nutritional value of fatty acids in selected skeletal muscles of Polish Holstein-Friesian bu

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (02) ◽  
pp. 6208-2019
Author(s):  
PIOTR DOMARADZKI ◽  
PAWEŁ ŻÓŁKIEWSKI ◽  
ANNA LITWIŃCZUK ◽  
MARIUSZ FLOREK ◽  
MAŁGORZATA DMOCH
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Atherogenic Index ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Holstein Friesian

The aim of the study was to compare the skeletal muscles (longissimus lumborum – LL vs. semitendinosus – ST) of Polish Holstein-Friesian bulls in terms of their chemical composition, fatty acid proportions and the degree to which they meet standards for selected nutrients. The proximate composition, that is, the content of water, ash, crude protein, fat and collagen, was determined in the muscle samples collected. The calorific value of 100 g of meat was calculated based on the total protein content and intramuscular fat, using energy equivalents: 4 kcal for protein and 9 kcal for fat. The fatty acid profile (FA) was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID), and the following groups were distinguished: saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids in the cis (MUFA cis) and the trans configuration (MUFA trans), as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). On the basis of the content of individual fatty acids, the ratio of PUFA/SFA and n-6/n-3 was calculated. In addition, the following indices were calculated: atherogenic index (AI), thrombogenic index (TI), saturation index (S/P), as well as nutritional value (NV) and the ratio of hypo- and hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids (h/H). The results obtained for fatty acids were expressed as 1) percentage of individual fatty acids in total FAs quantified and 2) as quantity (in mg) per 100 g of fresh meat. Statistical calculations were performed using Statistica software ver. 13. Differences between the muscles were verified with the t-test for independent samples, assuming significance levels of p ≤ 0.05 and p ≤ 0.01. The muscle type was found to significantly influence the fatty acid (FA) profile for four of the 24 FAs identified. Compared to ST, the LL muscle had a significantly higher share of C18:0 (18.95% vs. 16.55%; p ≤ 0.01) and CLA (0.38% vs. 0.29%; p ≤ 0.05) and significantly lower percentages of C16:1 c9 (3.17% vs. 3.74%; p ≤ 0.05) and C18:1 c9 (36.02% vs. 38.65%; p ≤ 0.05). With regard to particular groups of fatty acids, the LL muscle had significantly higher percentages of SFA (53.20% vs. 50.71%, p ≤ 0.05), PUFA (4.20% vs. 3.49%, p ≤ 0.05) and n-6 (2.69% vs. 2.10%, p ≤ 0.01) and a significantly lower percentage of cis MUFA (40.73% vs. 43.96%; p ≤ 0.01). The average amount of fat in 100 g of muscle tissue was 693.30 mg for SFA, 560.81 mg for MUFA cis, 54.74 mg for PUFA (including 33.87 mg of n-6 and 16.23 mg of n-3) and 24.63 mg for MUFA trans. The beef can be classified as a secondary source of fatty acids. The coverage of the recommended intake ranged from 2.5% to 3.8% for SFA, from 1.1% to 1.9% for MUFA, from 0.29% to 1.8% for n-3 acids, and was smaller than 1% for PUFA and n-6. The amount of EPA and DHA satisfied from 0.66% to 1.3% of the minimum daily requirement, while the amount of trans FA ranged from 0.9% to 1.4% of the maximum daily level. It is worth noting that 100 g of the beef provided on average 102.53 kcal, 1.46 g of fat and 22.34 g of protein, which cover, respectively, 5.1% of the daily calorie requirement, 1.9-3.3% of the fat requirement, and as much as 30-45% of the protein requirement for adults. Although the ST muscle, because of its 40% lower fat content and 2% lower protein content, was less caloric than the LL muscle, it also contained fewer biologically active FAs, including CLA, VA, ALA, LA, AA, EPA and DPA. Irrespective of the differences shown, the meat can be classified as a low-calorie and high-protein product, as 87% of its energy value came from protein.

THE USE OF SHUNGITE IN THE DIETS OF HIGH PRODUCTIVE CATTLE

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Девяткин ◽  
Vladimir Devyatkin ◽  
Романов ◽  
Viktor Romanov ◽  
Боголюбова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Basic Diet ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Economic Experience ◽  
Optimization Of Fermentation ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Stimulation Of

The research focused on the optimization and stimulation of digestion by using of biologically active substances and their complexes. The task was to study the possibility of optimizing the digestive processes and, consequently, increase the productivity of highly productive ruminants caused by the feeding of mineral shungite. Studies conducted on lactating cows and calves Black-Motley breed in the conditions of the FUSE «Kljonovo-Chegodaevo», Moscow region. 1 scientific-economic experience on the principle analogues was formed 2 groups of lactating cows of Black-Motley breed, on 15 ones in each, while the level of productivity 6500-7000 kg of milk per lactation. In the 2nd scientific and economic experience was formed 2 groups of calves of Black-Motley breed at the age of 3-4 months, staged with the live weight of 100-110 kg, 15 heads in each group. Animals of the experimental groups received the basic diet of farm mineral shungite at the rate of 0.3% of the ration dry matter. The results showed that the inclusion in the composition of the diet of dairy cattle shungite contributes to the optimization of fermentation processes in the rumen, which is manifested in the decrease of ammonia concentration by 25.4%, the increase of amylolytic activity of microorganisms by 2.6%, the concentration of LFP 3.3% and mass of microorganisms. Introduction to the basic diet of lactating cows mineral shungite helped increase milk productivity of cows to 5.4-8.9 percent. Data of individual weighing of calves showed that feeding of mineral shungite improves the intensity of animals growth. Thus, the average daily live weight gain of calves fed the diet with the mineral shungite, increased by 8.4%.

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