scholarly journals SCIENTIFIC-THEORETICAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL ASPECTS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL IN THE FIELD OF SMALL BUSINESS OF UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Melen ◽  
Tetiana Zhadan
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
And Control

The small business sector in Ukraine does not yet play such an important role in the national economy as in economically developed countries. He fights almost daily for "survival", forced to constantly adapt to current market conditions. The development of small business is one of the priority areas of economic development at the present stage. The state relies on small business for rapid and positive structural changes in the economy, overcoming the crisis and creating conditions for market reforms. The issue of organization of accounting and control is relevant for small businesses of any form of ownership and organizational and legal form. This is due to specific features in the application of methods and techniques of accounting and control. A single view on the definition of the term "organization of accounting" scientists have not yet defined, so this question is still relevant. Features of the organization of the accounting system in small enterprises depend on the choice of the small business tax system, the choice of form of accounting, the choice of accounting system, the use of chart of accounts by small businesses and the ability to keep accounts without using the chart of accounts and principle double entry, which is typical for micro-entrepreneurs. The presence of quite frequent changes in legislation and approaches to doing business, which regulate the accounting and tax accounting of small businesses require constant improvement of accounting. Undoubtedly, the guarantee of successful operation of the enterprise is experienced management and strict control over business operations and financial flows. Control of accounting and reporting is carried out to ensure the reliability of accounting data; prevention of loss of money or valuables as a result of theft or abuse; ensuring accurate accounting of business transactions occurring in the business activities of business entities, and information in accounting registers, etc. That is, accounting control is a set of procedures that ensure the safety of assets of business entities and the accuracy of reporting prepared by the accounting department. Financial control of business operations and financial flows is the key to successful business entities. Therefore, in small businesses it is very important to form an effective system of accounting and control.

scholarly journals ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL OF SMALL ENTERPRISES IN A PANDEMIC CONDITION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganna Datsenko ◽  
Olena Kydurko
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Production Equipment ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Accounting Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control ◽  
Tax Accounting

The article discusses the development of small businesses during the spread of coronavirus disease, the problems that have become in the way of the activities of enterprises. According to statistics, small business in Ukraine occupies about 80 percent of all operating enterprises. They are the ones who most of all suffered from the coronavirus, because it is extremely vulnerable to external factors, since it does not have enough funds and reserves to quickly adapt to new conditions of activity. The purpose of this article is to identify problematic aspects of accounting at small businesses in Ukraine against the background of the spread of coronavirus infection and to establish directions for the implementation of internal control during an exacerbation of the pandemic. In connection with the adopted quarantine measures, business entities, especially in the part of small business, were forced to stop conducting their activities for the period of the introduction of the lockdown or improve it, which led to a change in the type of economic activity. In connection with the spread of coronavirus disease, a number of laws were passed that prevented the spread of coronavirus disease and related to small businesses. As a result, atypical transactions arose in accounting and tax accounting related to payroll during downtime, the implementation of depreciation deductions for production equipment that is also not used due to quarantine, reflection of the cost of travel of employees to the place of work during the period of prohibition of travel on public transport people who do not work in emergency services. The article provides examples of the business transactions mentioned above and the transactions that should be used in such situations. With all this, it is necessary to carry out internal control, which will allow assessing the activities of the enterprise, the veracity and legality of the introduction of accounting and tax accounting. Control will help improve the efficiency of accounting, reduce shortcomings and errors, help find reserves for improving operations, and also help avoid fines, because unnecessary expenses in a pandemic can lead to losses.

scholarly journals The Investigation of Association between Transformational Leadership Behavior and Job Satisfactions Among Small Business in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Al-Ahmadi ◽  
Karina Kasztelnik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Leadership Behavior ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Entities

This study has been the focus of much investigation in the search for the association between transformational leadership behavior and job satisfaction among small businesses in the United States. Several attempts have been made to the importance that small businesses have on the economy, and small businesses constitute over half of all jobs. No known empirical research has focused on exploring the association between transformational leadership behavior and job satisfaction among small businesses in Virginia. The research is based on a theoretical framework such as self-determination theory. The investigation of association qualitative research study was undertaken to explore the potential relationship between transformational leadership behavior and job satisfaction among small businesses in the United States. Results showed the importance improvement both personal lives and the health of small businesses and the microeconomy of the United States. Employee satisfaction has been a topic of interest for scientists for many years and has roots in multiple psychological theories that served as a basis for understanding job satisfaction. When employees trust leadership, this can contribute many benefits to the business, such as an increased focus on being productive at work, commitment to the organization, intent to stay with the organization, and increased profitability. Small businesses are also known for their innovation, job creation, and financial growth. Yet, some suffer from severe issues with inexperienced owner-managers, lack of resources, and competition that can significantly hinder their chances of success. The small businesses that struggle or are faced with closure represent an essential part of the economy that cannot be overlooked. However, despite their value in the economy, many still struggle due to multiple factors, including unskilled or incompetent leaders and owners, challenges related to technical expertise, and funding issues, including increased business costs that can be exacerbated by poorly performing owners or managers, who in turn may negatively affect employees as well. In fact, in developed countries, small businesses contribute 40% to 60% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and 67% of employment. The research presented here confirms that the workplace is crucial in improving teamwork from the general perspective and approach. The findings can contribute to a better understanding of the transformational leadership style for all management levels and the effect on the job satisfaction of all employees hired by small business entities in the United States.

scholarly journals SMALL BUSINESS ENTERPRISE: TAXATION AND ACCOUNTING MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Dolishnia
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Tax System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Large Enterprises

The goal of the article is to disclose the issues of taxation and organization of accounting for small business entities. To achieve this goal, the tools of scientific research are used, namely: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction (when stating an objective); comparison, systematization and theoretical generalization (when determining the criteria for the division of business entities into micro, small, medium and large enterprises; when choosing taxation system, disclosing the organization of accounting); logical generalization (to justify the relationship between the choice of the organizational and legal form of business, the tax system and the organization of accounting); tabular method (for rational, compact, visual presentation of research material). Criteria for dividing business entities into micro, small, medium and large enterprises are determined. It is found that small business entities can independently choose either a simplified or a general system of taxation, taking into account their advantages and disadvantages. The results of the analysis of the organization of accounting have shown that natural persons-entrepreneurs organize and conduct it using no special form electronically or on paper. At the same time, the organization and maintenance of accounting for legal entities are clearly regulated by current laws and standards. It is recommended to review the requirements for the organization of accounting for compliance with the needs of information support of users, as well as to consider the possibilities of simplification, unification and standardization in the organization of accounting, and to make appropriate changes in the legal field. It is proven that the understanding and consideration of small businesses by the relationship between the choice of the organizational and legal form of business, the tax system and the organization of accounting in decision-making will ensure their successful operation. Prospects for further research are identified, namely the justification of criteria for selecting the optimal tax system and software products for accounting by small business entities.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE ACCOUNT AT THE ENTERPRISES OF SMALL BUSINESS IN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-167
Author(s):  
Andrii Dovbush ◽  
Halyna Davydovska
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Business Transactions ◽  
Organizational Issues ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Taxation System

Purpose. The aim of the article is to research the economic content and features of accounting organization in small businesses. Methodology of research. A number of legal and general scientific methods are used in writing the work. The main method of writing the work is the method of research of legal sources, the Tax Code and the Law of Ukraine “On Accounting and Financial Reporting in Ukraine” in particular. The following research methods are also used: monographic – for a detailed study of the organization of the accounting system in small enterprises; comparison – to identify common features and differences of the studied processes and phenomena; analysis and synthesis – to detail the accounting system of small enterprises by dividing it into constituent parts; grouping – to identify the conceptual features of the accounting system of small businesses. Findings. It is determined that one of the most important organizational issues of small business accounting is the choice of form of accounting, because each form of accounting provides a combination of different types of accounting registers, which should ensure operational control, timeliness, completeness and reliability of generalization in the accounting of all business transactions that took place in the entity. It is concluded that the peculiarities of the organization of accounting for small businesses include the following: the choice of taxation system; approval of the chosen form of accounting in the Order on accounting policy; use of certain primary documents to confirm business transactions; display of information in the relevant accounting registers - depends on the chosen form of accounting; generalization of information in financial statements. Originality. The diversity of definitions of this concept has been clarified as a result of studying scientific approaches to the disclosure of the essence of the organization of accounting. The main factors influencing the organization of accounting of small enterprises are substantiated and revealed. It is believed that an important factor influencing the construction of accounting in small business is the taxation system. The advantages and disadvantages of simplified and general systems of taxation of small enterprises are presented in the article. Practical value. The obtained results of the research allow to deepen the theoretical principles and develop practical recommendations for improving the organization of accounting in small businesses, as well as to apply them for further research. Key words: organization of accounting, form of organization of accounting, small business enterprises, small business entities, taxation system.

Assessment of small businesses activities in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Igor Ponomarenko ◽  
Kateryna Volovnenko
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The subject of the research is a set of approaches to the statistical analysis ofthe activities of small business entities in Ukraine, including micro-enterprises. The purpose of writing this article is to study of the features of functioningof small business entities in Ukraine. Methodology. The research methodology isto use a system-structural and comparative analysis (to study the change in thenumber of small enterprises by major components); monographic (when studyingmethods of statistical analysis of small businesses); economic analysis (when assessing the impact of small business entities on socio-economic phenomena andprocesses in Ukraine). The scientific novelty consists to determine the features ofthe functioning of small businesses in Ukraine in modern conditions. The influenceof the activities of the main socio-economic and political indicators on the activities of small enterprises in recent periods of time has been identified. It has beenestablished that there is flexibility in the development of strategies by small businesses in conditions of significant competition, which makes it possible to quicklyrespond to changing situations in specific markets. Conclusions. The use of acomprehensive statistical analysis of small businesses functioning in Ukraine willallow government agencies to develop a set of measures to optimize the activitiesof these enterprises, which ultimately will positively affect the strengthening oftheir competitiveness and will contribute to the growth of the national economicsystem.

scholarly journals THE EVALUATION OF THE EXPEDIENCY’S DEVELOPMENT AND SUPPORT OF SMALL INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RUSSIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anzhela Litvinova ◽  
Denis Paleev
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Entities

This article analyzes the situation of innovative approaches to building business processes and interaction between universities, the government,  and representatives of the business environment. A methodology is proposed by the authors for calculating the feasibility of government support for small innovative enterprises (SIEs) as independent small business entities organized at higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation, the activities of which are aimed at research, development, implementation, and commercialization.The importance and role of small innovative entrepreneurship in the economy of the country and large cities is becoming the main world trend. Russia is trying to match its innovation strategy in small business, but the success is, unfortunately, still negligible. On the part of the government, millions of rubles are allocated to support small innovative entrepreneurship, as well as the construction of technology parks, the creation of business incubators, technological laboratories, and platforms being organized at universities in order to ensure the implementation of innovative projects. In accordance with the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 217-FL of August 2, 2009, universities were able to register small innovative enterprises on their territory as independent small businesses in the sphere of innovative development, whose activities are focused mainly on the commercialization of intellectual property objects and their active promotion in the market.Nevertheless, the implementation of new technologies and know-how is associated with greater risks of SIEs and needs a methodical approach to assess the appropriateness of providing government support to such enterprises. We are going to consider and calculate the indicator of the feasibility of government support for a small innovative enterprise in the amount of 50 million rubles for a period of five years for its development and will prove the increase in the efficiency of the enterprise and the possibilities for its development through the government support mechanisms for innovations.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Framework For Small Business With Limited Available Capital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Around
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
General Level ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Financial Assessment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
A Current

In the world of business special attention is paid to entrepreneurs for their potential and large corporations for their impact on the market. Due to this, small businesses often fall short of resources and tools to help them grow. The aim of this dissertation is to introduce a framework for decision making to small businesses as a tool to help embed more structure into their organization. The framework was then applied to two distinct case studies to display its functionality and usefulness. The framework consists of several steps: 1) corporate plan and financial assessment 2) a current state analysis 3) a quantitative and mathematical feasibility study of the decision The framework in each case study resulted in an objective and qualified decision. It also suggests that, due to the unique structure and characteristics of each small business, the framework proposed would only be relevant and applicable on a general level and more work is required to refine the details in order to be able apply it universally to business entities with limited working capital.

A Look at the Future

2009 ◽  
pp. 275-301
Author(s):  
Stephen Burgess ◽  
Carmine Carmine Sellitto ◽  
Stan Karanasios
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Diffusion Process ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Early Adopters ◽  
Web Presence ◽  
Cumulative Curve ◽  
Business Entities

This chapter serves to raise an awareness of some of the more cutting edge Internet innovations and applications that may become viable and useful to the small business operator in future. The chapter focuses on some of the new and emerging forms of technologies that the authors have identified as potentially affecting the Web presence. Consequently, the topic areas and content examined in the chapter does not claim to be all encompassing or prescriptive. Some of the innovations examined are nascent and may not progress to a critical mass for general adoption, whilst others tend to be used by larger business entities, possibly requiring a re-configuration if they are to be successfully used in the small business environment. Arguably, many if not all would in some way impact on the business Web presence if they were to be adopted in future. An examination of the adoption and use of new forms of technology and ideas - or innovations as they are sometimes referred - can be assisted by examining how the early adopters use these innovations. This was briefly discussed in Chapter IV. The concept of innovation adoption and the importance of early adopters is well documented by Rogers (1995). The Rogers’ paradigm describes how innovations advance, or diffuse, through a population either to be adopted or to be rejected. The successful diffusion of an innovation generally follows the S-shaped rate of adoption when a cumulative curve is plotted. The cumulative S-shaped rate of adoption curve is depicted in Figure 1 showing the relationship between the adopters and late-adopters over a period of time. Generally, the adoption of the innovation by the early adopters results in an adoption curve that is reasonably flat. However, as more members of a business group adopt the innovation, the curve ‘takes off’, with the advent of late adopters signalling the innovation has diffused through that particular group. Clearly, for the small business operator an indicator of an innovation that may be associated with a Web presence can be closely allied in the identification of the early adopters. The early adopters are important in the diffusion process as opinion leaders - where potential adopters look to them for advice and information, as well as best practices to emulate. Moreover, the early adopters are considered to be the individuals to investigate or analyse before using a new idea, tending to serve as role models for many others. Early adopters can be deemed to be the most important constituent in the innovation-diffusion process because they decrease uncertainty about a new idea or technology, and as a consequence convey a message of acceptance and effectiveness to peers (Rogers 1995). According to Norman (1998), the early users of an innovation provide the experience for the late adopters to observe and to learn from. Norman further suggests that even though these early users are relatively few in number, they are the drivers of a technology and can provide examples of how and why that innovation can be used. Arguably, the small business operator by conducting an examination within their own industry for the specific use of new forms of Web-related technology will identify a set of industry early adopters from which they themselves can learn from. Small businesses have been known to be conservative in nature in relation to their use of ICTs, so many feel quite comfortable with the notion of waiting until the early adopters have been successful or otherwise. Of course, if the adoption has been successful they do not necessarily achieve the same level of benefits (often resulting in competitive advantage) that early adopters realise, but at the same time they are not taking the same risk with an unknown technology. Often, the late adopter is forced to adopt the technology as it has diffused through the majority of the industry as is regarded as a requirement by business partners or customers.

The Use of Accounting Information in the Small Business Firm's Planning and Control Process

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Dunne ◽  
Dee E. Ezell ◽  
Arthur T. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Control

The need for information relative to the current state of business affairs and the potential impact upon operations including future opportunities should be recognized, both in planning and execution of plans. The use of accounting information as a basis for necessary analysis and interpretation is relatively simple and effective approach for small business managers. This article details the utlization of modularized contribution margin income statements and their contribution to the decision-making and policy formulation processes. The segmented approach to financial accounting and reporting affords the level of visualization and control that small businesses require.

scholarly journals The financial condition of selected enterprises from the Świętokrzyskie voivodeship during the COVID-19 pandemic – A survey analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Daria Moskwa-Bęczkowska
Keyword(s):  
National Court ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Survey Analysis ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Financial Liquidity ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Cost Accounting System

Purpose of the study: This article aims to assess the financial condition of selected enterprises from the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: The article presents the results of proprietary surveys on the usefulness of the economic entities' cost accounting system to manage their costs in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. These studies were carried out using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview method. Economic entities from the Świętokrzyskie voivodship with an entry in the National Court Register were invited to the survey via email. They were commercial law companies, mainly limited liability companies, joint-stock companies, etc. Main Findings: The main conclusion from the conducted research is the statement that the difficult economic situation of the market sector in Poland does not always translate into the financial condition of enterprises. The common opinion about the financial problems of Polish companies caused by the COVID-19 pandemic turns out to be wrong. The examined economic entities do not struggle with the issue of losing financial liquidity at all. On the contrary, over 40% of them indicated an improvement in the financial result in 2020 compared to 2019. Applications of this study: The results of the conducted research confirm that the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland did not significantly worsen the financial situation of the surveyed business entities; on the contrary, the vast majority of them do not and have had no problems with maintaining financial liquidity. The originality of this study: The analysis of the literature on the subject showed that there is no data on the assessment of the financial condition of enterprises in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account at the same time the organizational and legal form of the studied entity and the area of ​​its operation.

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