Life-World, relevance and power. Phenomenology and social critique

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-122
Author(s):  
Jochen Dreher
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Phenomenological Description ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Social Critique ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Life World ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
The One

Does the phenomenological paradigm omit the examination of the problem of power? Frequently formulated criticisms of phenomenological thought underline that it would be characterized by oblivion of power. The following line of argument will demonstrate that phenomenology and phenomenologically oriented sociology do have the theoretical potential to open up a critical perspective as well as to analyze phenomena of power. The focus will be on the basic question on how the phenomenological perspective can be used to investigate power structures, social inequality, justice, violence, subjective and intersubjective experiences of alienation and suffering. In this sense some reflections will be presented on how phenomenological description is used as critical diagnosis. The paper deals on the one hand with criticism of the phenomenological paradigm of an alleged oblivion of power, and on the other hand it reflects upon the this paradigm'spotential of with respect to a formulation of social critique.

scholarly journals On the Possibilities of Researching the Marriage Policies of the Rurikids: The Case of Mstislav Fyodor Vladimirovich Monomakhovich

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 91-110
Author(s):  
Dariusz Dąbrowski
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Source Material ◽  
The Other ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
The Political ◽  
Know How ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One

The main goal of the article is to present the possibilities and methods of research on the Rurikid’s matrimonial policy in the Middle Ages on the example of a selected group of princes. As the subject of studies were chosen Mstislav Vladimirovich and his children. In total, 12 matrimonial relationships were included. The analysis of the source material revealed very unfavorable phenomena from the perspective of the topic under study. The Rus’ primary sources gave information on the conclusion of just four marriages out of twelve. The next four matrimonial arrangement inform foreign sources (Scandinavian and Norman). It should be emphasized particularly strongly that – save for two exceptions of Scandinavian provenance – the sources convey no information whatsoever as regards the political aims behind this or that marriage agreement. It appears, then, that the chroniclers of the period and cultural sphere in question did not regard details concerning marriages (such as their circumstances or the reasons behind them) as “information notable enough to be worth preserving”. Truth be told, even the very fact of the marriage did not always belong to this category. Due to the state of preservation of primary sources the basic question arises as to whether it is possible to study the Rurikids’ matrimonial policy? In spite of the mercilessly sparse source material, it is by all means possible to conduct feasible research on the Rurikids’ marriage policy. One must know how to do it right, however. Thus, such studies must on the one hand be rooted in a deep knowledge of the relevant sources (not only of Rus’ provenance) as well as the ability to subject them to astute analysis; on the other hand, they must adhere to the specially developed methodology, presented in the first part of the article.

scholarly journals Poetic Storytelling in Contemporary Photography. Relation to Nature and the Poesis of Everyday Life in Works of Selected Artist in Iceland and Other Nordic Countries

Arts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Sigrún Alba Sigurðardóttir
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
Climate Crisis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Narrative Medium

The past 20 years have seen a shift in Icelandic photography from postmodern aesthetics towards a more phenomenological perspective that explores the relationship between subjective and affective truth on the one hand, and the outside world on the other hand. Rather than telling a story about the world as it is or as the photographer wants it to appear, the focus is on communicating with the world, and with the viewer. The photograph is seen as a creative medium that can be used to reflect how we experience and make sense of the world, or how we are and dwell in the world. In this paper, I introduce the theme of poetic storytelling in the context of contemporary photography in Iceland and other Nordic Countries. Poetic storytelling is a term I have been developing to describe a certain lyrical way to use a photograph as a narrative medium in reaction to the climate crisis and to a general lack of relation to oneself and to the world in times of increased acceleration in the society. In my article I analyze works by a few leading Icelandic photographers (Katrín Elvarsdóttir, Heiða Helgadóttir and Hallgerður Hallgrímsdóttir) and put them in context with works by artists from Denmark (Joakim Eskildsen, Christina Capetillo and Astrid Kruse Jensen), Sweden (Helene Schmitz) and Finland (Hertta Kiiski) artists within the frame of poetic storytelling. Poetic storytelling is about a way to use a photograph as a narrative medium in an attempt to grasp a reality which is neither fully objective nor subjective, but rather a bit of both.

scholarly journals Évolution du concept de dangerosité en criminologie européenne (« Vingt ans après... »)

Criminologie ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Houchon
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
The One ◽  
Problematic Situations

In this article, we examine how dangerousness is a concept which is now scrutinized in Europe in terms of criminal policy, clinical criminology and criminology in general. On the one hand, new rationales based on the fear of crime shed some light on criminal policy; on the other, the current conceptual crisis in criminology must not lead to a refusal to perceive serious problematic situations which really affect some persons. Social intervention interrogates us in a critical perspective linked to the abolitionist model.

IADA history

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edda Weigand
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Difficult Issue

Abstract IADA History not only refers to the series of conferences and workshops which have been organized since the foundation of the Association but also to the discussions about a unified concept of dialogue which accompanied IADA’s activities during the last three decades. On the one hand, there is the basic question of what constitutes dialogue, while on the other hand there are multiple approaches which claim to be acknowledged as dialogic approaches. If we do not want to accept the plurality of models in the sense of ‘anything goes’ we need to address the difficult issue of how far individual models can contribute to an investigation of dialogue as a complex whole.

scholarly journals Capitalism as the Global Social Order: A Critical Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Anna Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Special Form ◽  
Social Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suggested Model ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Global System ◽  
The One

The article studies the concept of the global social order as a subject of social research. The author starts with pointing at the changes in the structure and the character of the today's global social order (acceleration of exchanges and flows, gradual disappearing of a single hegemony, multipolarity) and claims that it is exactly capitalism that becomes a foundation for multipolar but yet unequal constitution of the global order. The article proposes to deal with the global social order as an example of a global subject – alternative to world system or global system – which can be placed in focus of social research. Also, the paper offers a definition to the notions of social order and global social order. Then the author provides several possible classification of the approaches to the study of the global social order, and then moves on to pointing out their mutual positions. The paper considers capitalism as a special form of global social order and suggests to analyze imperialism and neocolonialism as, on the one hand, the products of this order, and on the other hand, as instruments for its legitimation and hegemony. In the further research the suggested model can be used, first, for the improvements in the study of sociology's global subject, and, second, for deepening the knowledge about the process of (re)production of global social order.

Dignity and Equality in Pufendorf’s Natural Law Theory

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Zurbuchen
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
The Other ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Natural Law Theory ◽  
The One ◽  
In Virtue Of

The chapter explores the ambiguity of the notion of dignity in Pufendorf’s natural law theory. On the one hand, dignity (dignatio) denotes the moral status of human beings in virtue of which they have to treat each other as equals. On the other hand, Pufendorf holds dignity and natural equality to be compatible with social inequality, notably with servitude and slavery. Moreover, when he deals with the comparative value and reputation (existimatio) of human beings, he admits that their moral status is conditioned by their readiness to behave as social beings. Human beings can thus lose their basic moral standing and are then considered as common enemies of all.

scholarly journals Metaphysics without Pre-Critical Monism: Hegel on Lower-Level Natural Kinds and the Structure of Reality

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 48-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Kreines
Keyword(s):  
Natural Kinds ◽  
The Other ◽  
Basic Question ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Normative Authority ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The One ◽  
Complete Interpretation ◽  
Theoretical Philosophy

Recent debates about Hegel's theoretical philosophy are marked by a surprising lack of agreement, extending all the way down to the most basic question: what is Hegel talking about? On the one hand, proponents of ‘metaphysical’ interpretations generally read Hegel as aiming to articulate the overall structure or organisation of reality itself, and the nature of a highest or most fundamental being. Particularly influential is the idea that Hegel is reviving and modifying a form of Spinoza's metaphysical monism, according to which the organised whole of everything is the highest being, providing a ground or reason for everything real. On the other hand, proponents of ‘non-metaphysical’ interpretations argue Hegel's topic is something else entirely. The idea is that Hegel agrees with Kant in finding pre-critical forms of metaphysics to be uncritical or dogmatic. And the topic of Hegel's positive project is supposed to be not the nature of reality itself, nor any most fundamental being, but rather ‘forms of thought’ akin to Kant's categories and the objectivity, legitimacy, or normative authority of those forms of thought.This is of course only a rough sketch of the most basic recent debate, about which there is more to say than can fit in this paper. My focus here is on what Hegel has to say about nature and natural kinds, in ‘Observing Reason’ from the Phenomenology, and also in similar material from the Logic and Encyclopedia. I intend to argue that this material suggests a surprising way of stepping beyond the fundamental debate sketched above. There can of course be no question of elaborating and defending here a complete interpretation of Hegel's entire theoretical philosophy. I will have to restrict myself to arguing for the unlikely conclusion that there is an approach that can combine and integrate the strongest points made by both sides in the most basic debate shaping recent Hegel interpretation.

scholarly journals Beuys� Chair and the Violence of the Other: Toward a Theory of Aesth-ethics

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Dror Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Joseph Beuys ◽  
The Social ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Good And Evil ◽  
The Way

Most rare are those works of art that, in a simple visual gesture, succeed in formulating a dilemma that occupies culture as a whole. Such is the artwork of Joseph Beuys entitled Fat Chair. The work�viewed mainly from a phenomenological perspective�is comprised of two elements holding a tension: a chair on the one hand, and a lump of fat placed on top of it on the other. The tension between these elements, so the article argues, manifests the tension between two types of violence: following Benjamin, these are termed �the violence of the Father� and �the violence of the Other� (or in Hebrew, �the Violence of ha-Rav�). The violence of the Father refers mainly to the violence of culture: the violence of the concept and the category from the side of the object, and the violence of the law/name of the Father from the side of the subject. The violence of the Other, transgressing distinctions between good and evil and subject and object, is the violence of the pre-cultural and the primordial, before law and language. This primal violence cannot appear in its full presence, either in culture in general or in art in particular; it can only appear as a leftover and a spectre. Beuys' artwork manifests this aporetic appearance in a paradigmatic manner, and in this sense, it could serve as a paradigm for the possibility of hospitality in art. In fact, the article opens the way for an argument of a larger scale, according to which art, and not the social sphere�as Levinas maintains�should be viewed as the sphere of the� hospitality of the entirely Other. The study of such hospitality in art should therefore be termed �Aesth-ethics.�

scholarly journals TWO IMAGES OF IDEAL: BADIOU AND PLATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Structure ◽  
Important Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Life World ◽  
European Culture ◽  
Practical Reality ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

The comparison of the strikingly different perspectives on the concepts of “idea”, “the ideal” within works of the two philosophers, separated by ages, uncovers the problem of a relation be-tween “idea” and the phenomena of multiplicity, becoming and movement, also revealing certain possibilities for interpreting “idea” as the principle of liberation from (existing) laws/rules, rather than the pillar of their validity. Herein we intend to demonstrate the potential of interpreting “idea” through the lens of the phenomena of becoming, difference and being as exemplified by A. Badiou’s works. Clarifying such a relation is an important task, because in classical Platonism – as well as in European culture in general – the aspects of immobility and unity of “idea” are emphasized, still creating the impression of an odd isolation of “idea” from the practical reality of the “life world”. However such an image of “idea” is clearly destroyed by the logic of the di-alogue “Parmenides”, where the One is deemed inconceivable without the Other/Many. Within this context it becomes possible to understand “idea” in a “non-platonic” way (though rooted in the platonic way of thinking) through the lens of the “the other/many”, rather than “the one”. We claim that A. Badiou’s interpretation of Plato follow the forementioned frame of understanding, when he grasps “idea” as something profoundly challenging logic, or mathematical structure of any given world.

Toward a Feminist Critic of Science

Janus Head ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Archana Barua ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Relativism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Life World ◽  
Carol Gilligan ◽  
Postmodern Feminism ◽  
The One ◽  
Male Authority

It is undeniable that aspects of postmodernist thought are also useful to the feminist goal of unseating the hegemonic dominance of traditional male authority. The threat of moral relativism hangs over the Postmodernist head, and this stance is strongly criticized within feminist circles: As Carol Gilligan has said,” Life can’t just be continually reconstructed; ...There is a complex reality, yes, but there is something called reality, and there is something called a you.” A postmodern feminism can cope with the collapsed notions of foundationalist premises, such as that of the stable and unified self-concept. This article makes an attempt at re-visiting feminist critic of science in light of phenomenological and hermeneutical attempts at bridging the gap between science and life either in the Husserlian project of restoring the structures of the Life World, or in the Heideggerian quest for liberating the ‘Being’ from the prison house of language. Do they share similar concerns for overcoming the limitations of binary structures of understanding? The article makes an attempt at understanding the one from the perspective of the other and vice versa.

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