scholarly journals „Olimpul din Lipcani” – un fenomen literar basarabean

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Miroslava Metleaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Jewish Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Official Data

This article analyzes the phenomenon of „Bessarabian Olympus” in the cultural and literary life of Jews not only in Bessarabia, but also in the Romanian and world cultural space. The author tries to explain why Lipcani - a small town, produced such a large group of remarkable people. Eliezer Șteinbarg, Iehuda Șteinberg, Leiser Grinberg, Mihail Kaufman, Yankev Șternberg, Moisei Altman - these are just a few representative names for the respective pleiad of Jewish writers. Even a brief review of the history of Jewish national culture from the Bessarabian region leads to the conclusion that the peak of its development took place in the 20s and 30s of the 20th century. The author discusses the links between social and historical memory as multilateral relations, offering the possibility to make a specific portrait of the era and of the people who represent it. The Bessarabia of that time, of the integration of the foreign-speaking population, contrasts strongly with the official data not only of the Soviet sources, but also with those of different studies published after 2000. It is necessary that the scientific analysis of Jewish literature and culture in the interwar period to be carried out in a form as developed as possible, which would allow the scattering of preconceived ideas about the culture and history of Bessarabia.

scholarly journals CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE UNIFICATION OF LITHUANIAN ANTI-SOVIET PARTISANS DURING 1946-1949

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
D. Juodis
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
State Building ◽  
World War ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
The People ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unified Command

In 2019 comes the 70th anniversary of the founding of LLKS – the Union of Lithuanian Freedom Fighters (Lietuvos Laisvės Kovos Sąjūdi). This underground organization had been founded in February of 1949. It united the people, who had been fighting against the Soviet power in Lithuania. Heads of the LLKS were active partisans and they called themselves freedom fighters. In the same time, other people called partisans ‘forest men’, ‘greens’ etc. The main purpose of this article – to consider the process of unification of the forces of Lithuanian partisans under unified command and to highlight the main circumstances of this process. The article is based on the archival materials and modern research writings. So far, very few research papers about Lithuanian anti-Soviet struggle have been published outside Lithuania. That’s why one of the goals of the author – to provide the information about this episode of the modern history of Lithuania to Ukrainian readers. Perhaps, the similarity with Ukrainian national insurgent movement during the 2nd World War will be found. The final ambition of the armed struggle of Lithuanian partisans was the creation of free democratic Lithuania. Partisans considered the mistakes of Lithuanian state-building during the interwar period, such as authoritarian regime and weak social politics. Freedom fighters hoped to get help from the West countries – Great Britain of the USA – through the mediation of Lithuanian emigrants. The unification of partisans was difficult because of the activity of infiltrated Soviet security agents. The chronological framework of the article covers the period of 1946-1949, when where held the main events of the unification of partisans. Active partisan struggle against the Soviet in Lithuania power lasted to 1953.

scholarly journals The Siberian Polonia in the second half of the 19th - early 20th century in the Polish historiography

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shaidurov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The period between the 19th – early 20th century witnessed waves of actively forming Polish communities in Russia’s rural areas. A major factor that contributed to the process was the repressive policy by the Russian Empire towards those involved in the Polish national liberation and revolutionary movement. Large communities were founded in Siberia, the Volga region, Caucasus, and European North of Russia (Arkhangelsk). One of the largest communities emerged in Siberia. By the early 20th century, the Polonia in the region consisted of tens of thousands of people. The Polish population was engaged in Siberia’s economic life and was an important stakeholder in business. Among the most well-known Polish-Siberian entrepreneurs was Alfons Poklewski-Koziell who was called the “Vodka King of Siberia” by his contemporaries. Poles, who returned from Siberian exile and penal labor, left recollections of their staying in Siberia or notes on the region starting already from the middle of the 19th century. It was this literature that was the main source of information about the life of the Siberian full for a long time. Exile undoubtedly became a significant factor that was responsible for Russia’s negative image in the historical memory of Poles. This was reflected in publications based on the martyrological approach in the Polish historiography. Glorification of the struggle of Poles to restore their statehood was a central standpoint adopted not only in memoirs, but also in scientific studies that appeared the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. The martyrological approach dominated the Polish historiography until 1970s. It was not until the late 20th century that serious scientific research started utilizing the civilizational approach, which broke the mold of the Polish historical science. This is currently a leading approach. This enables us to objectively reconstruct the history of the Siberian Polonia in the imperial period of the Russian history. The article is intended to analyze publications by Polish authors on the history of the Polish community in Siberia the 19th – early 20th century. It focuses on memoirs and research works, which had an impact on the reconstruction of the Siberian Polonia’s history. The paper is written using the retrospective, genetic, and comparative methods.re.

scholarly journals On Preserving the Historical Memory of the First Half of the 20th Century. Introduction to Considerations about the Past of Education

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Michalski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

In the context of reflections on the breakthrough moments in the history of Poland in the first half of the 20th century, the content of the volume of the journal “Nauki o Wychowaniu. Studia Interdyscyplinarne” (Nowis. Interdisciplinary Studies) which testifies to the preservation of their historical memory, is discussed.

Dynamics of Cultural and Educational Processes of National Minorities of Transcarpathia of the Second Half of the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-253
Author(s):  
Natalija Malets ◽  
Oleksandr Malets
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
National Minority ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The People ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Socialist Economic

The article analyses the dynamics of ethnic composition and ethnic processes in Transcarpathia in the second half of the 20th century, as well as ethno-cultural processes of national consolidation of Ukrainians of the region as part of the Ukrainian nation. The paper evaluates the practice of the Soviet state and the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to determine the nature, content and directions of all ethno-national and ethno-cultural policies in Transcarpathia. While researching the consolidation processes of Transcarpathian Ukrainians as part of the Ukrainian nation, the authors showed that the development of the traditions of Ukrainian national culture was seen in the environment of the creative intelligentsia and the majority of the people as an alternative to ideological communication. It is justified that the main goal of the communist authorities in Transcarpathia in 1945-1991 was to establish socialist, economic, political and ideological regime in the region. In order to accelerate this process, a Russian (Russian-speaking) national minority was hastily created in the region by the state authorities, which, having occupied leading political, ideological and economic positions, became a reliable support for the new communist regime. The article analyses the dynamics of ethnic composition and ethnic processes in Transcarpathia in the second half of the 20th century, as well as ethno-cultural processes of national consolidation of Ukrainians of the region as part of the Ukrainian nation. The paper evaluates the practice of the Soviet state and the ideology of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) to determine the nature, content and directions of all ethno-national and ethno-cultural policies in Transcarpathia. While researching the consolidation processes of Transcarpathian Ukrainians as part of the Ukrainian nation, the authors showed that the development of the traditions of Ukrainian national culture was seen in the environment of the creative intelligentsia and the majority of the people as an alternative to ideological communication. It is justified that the main goal of the communist authorities in Transcarpathia in 1945-1991 was to establish socialist, economic, political and ideological regime in the region. In order to accelerate this process, a Russian (Russian-speaking) national minority was hastily created in the region by the state authorities, which, having occupied leading political, ideological and economic positions, became a reliable support for the new communist regime.

scholarly journals Russian Liturgical Memories in the Slavic Byzantine-Catholic Menologion (Recensio Vulgata) of the Mid-20th Century

Slovene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-391
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Semenenko-Basin ◽  
Stefano Caprio
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
The People ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catholic Churches ◽  
The Church ◽  
Eastern Russia ◽  
The Catholic Church

The article is devoted to the menologion (calendar of saints) compiled in the 20th century for Russian Byzantine Catholics. The latter are a church community with its own Byzantine-Slavic worship and piety, which follow both the Catholic and the Eastern spiritual traditions. Like the entire liturgical literature of the Russian Eastern Catholics, the menologion was created in Rome under the auspices of the Congregation for Eastern Churches, as part of the activities of the Russian Catholic Apostolate, i.e., of the mission of the Catholic Church addressed to Russia and the Russian diaspora in the world. The corpus of service books for Russian, Bulgarian and Serbian Eastern Catholics was called Recensio Vulgata. The menologion under study is contained in the books of Recensio Vulgata and was compiled on the basis of the Orthodox menologia of pre-revolutionary Russia. The compilers of the Byzantine-Catholic menologion did not just select Russian liturgical memories in a certain way, they also included the names of several martyrs of the Eastern Catholic Churches and some additional commemorations of Western saints. According to the compilers of the menologion, the history of Catholic (orthodox) holiness in North-Eastern Russia ended at the turn of the 1440s, when the Principality of Moscow and the Novgorod Republic abandoned the Union of Florence. The menologion reflects the era after the Union of Florence in the events that show the invariable patronage of the Mother of God over the people and the Russian land. The Recensio Vulgata menologion (RVM) contains twelve Russia-specific holidays that honor icons of the Mother of God, nine of which celebrate the events of the period from the late 15th to the 17th centuries. The compilers of the menologion created a well-devised system in which the East Slavic saints, the ancient saints of the Byzantine menologion, the Latin teachers of the Church, the saints of the Byzantine Catholic churches of different eras all are subject to harmonious logic, and harmony serves to organize the whole.

scholarly journals The Soviet Journal “LOKAF” on Foreign Literature: How not to Become a Remarquable

Slovene ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-367
Author(s):  
Alla O. Burtseva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Foreign Literature ◽  
The People ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catholic Churches ◽  
The Church ◽  
Eastern Russia

The article is devoted to the menologion (calendar of saints) compiled in the 20th century for Russian Byzantine Catholics. The latter are a church community with its own Byzantine-Slavic worship and piety, which follow both the Catholic and the Eastern spiritual traditions. Like the entire liturgical literature of the Russian Eastern Catholics, the menologion was created in Rome under the auspices of the Congregation for Eastern Churches, as part of the activities of the Russian Catholic Apostolate, i.e., of the mission of the Catholic Church addressed to Russia and the Russian diaspora in the world. The corpus of service books for Russian, Bulgarian and Serbian Eastern Catholics was called Recensio Vulgata. The menologion under study is contained in the books of Recensio Vulgata and was compiled on the basis of the Orthodox menologia of pre-revolutionary Russia. The compilers of the Byzantine-Catholic menologion did not just select Russian liturgical memories in a certain way, they also included the names of several martyrs of the Eastern Catholic Churches and some additional commemorations of Western saints. According to the compilers of the menologion, the history of Catholic (orthodox) holiness in North-Eastern Russia ended at the turn of the 1440s, when the Principality of Moscow and the Novgorod Republic abandoned the Union of Florence. The menologion reflects the era after the Union of Florence in the events that show the invariable patronage of the Mother of God over the people and the Russian land. The Recensio Vulgata menologion (RVM) contains twelve Russia-specific holidays that honor icons of the Mother of God, nine of which celebrate the events of the period from the late 15th to the 17th centuries. The compilers of the menologion created a well-devised system in which the East Slavic saints, the ancient saints of the Byzantine menologion, the Latin teachers of the Church, the saints of the Byzantine Catholic churches of different eras all are subject to harmonious logic, and harmony serves to organize the whole.

scholarly journals SEJARAH SOSIAL EKONOMI MAJALENGKA PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN HINDIA BELANDA (1819-1942)

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Miftahul Falah
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Sugar Factory ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dynamic Growth ◽  
In The Beginning

AbstrakTulisan ini menggambarkan sejarah sosial-ekonomi Kabupaten Majalengkapada masa Pemerintahan Hindia Belanda yang mencakup aspek demografis, pertanian,perkebunan, perdagangan, industri, dan prasarana transportasi. Untuk merekonstruksiitu digunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik,interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhanpenduduk Kabupaten Majalengka mengalami penurunan yakni dari 2,29% per tahunpada akhir abad ke-19 menjadi 1,68% pada awal abad ke-20. Meskipun demikian,kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakatnya tumbuh cukup dinamis. Pertanianmerupakan sektor perekonomian terpenting di Kabupaten Majalengka. Pesawahanhampir dikenal di setiap wilayah di Kabupaten Majalengka. Sektor perkebunanjuga tumbuh cukup dinamis sehingga Kabupaten Majalengka menjadi penghasilkopi terbesar di Karesidenan Cirebon. Sektor industri pun cukup berkembang yangditandai dengan adanya upaya peningkatan produksi gula dengan membangun pabrikgula di Kadipaten serta perluasan areal penanaman tebu di wilayah Jatiwangi.AbstractThis paper describes a socio-economical history of Kabupaten (regency)Majalengka in Dutch colonial era, covering issues on demography, agriculture,plantation, commerce, industry and transportation infrastructure. In reconstructingsuch kinds of issues the author applied methods that are used in history: heuristic,critique, interpretation, and historiography. The result shows that in the end of 19thcentury there was a decrease in population in Kabupaten Majalengka from 2.29% to1.68% in the beginning of 20th century. Socio-economically, however, the people faceda dynamic growth. The most important economical sector then was agriculture. Onthe other hand, plantations also grew dynamically, making Kabupaten Majalengkathe biggest coffee producer in Karesidenan Cirebon. Not to mention industrial sector, marked by the efforts to increase sugar production by building a sugar factory inKadipaten as well as expanding sugarcane plantation di Jatiwangi.

From the history of the Russian emigration in the interwar period: The letter of P. N. Krasnov to the Yugoslav King Aleksandar (July, 1930)

2019 ◽  
pp. 493-511
Author(s):  
Igor Selivanov
Keyword(s):  
Interwar Period ◽  
Full Text ◽  
High Time ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Candidate

This article puts under scrutiny one of the episodes of the activities of the Russian general Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov (1869-1947). His personality still evokes contradictory evaluations even nowadays. Being Monarchist, in 1922 Krasnov puts into words the aim of his life in the future in the following way: to make it happen, that in his historical homeland once again a “Sovereign Crowned Ruler” appears, able to pacify the people and to put the things into order. To reach this goal, Krasnov supposed to use the resources of the White Emigration, among other those on the territory of Yugoslavia. In summer 1930, Krasnov wrote a letter to the King of Yugoslavia Aleksandar, which he saw as the main candidate to “save” the Orthodox Russia. In the Archive of Yugoslavia the original of this document is kept. This publication represents its full text. In his epistle, Krasnov represents himself as a pronounced Russian patriot. The image of King Aleksandar for him is a reincarnation of the Russian Emperor Nicolas II who died from the hand of the Bolsheviks. Krasnov thought it was high time the Yugoslav sovereign, a Slav by origin, had paid the “debt” off, that his country had before the Russians who fought for Serbia in 1876-1878 and 1914-1917. On the basis of the materials available at the Archive of Yugoslavia, the reaction of Aleksandar to this letter by Krasnov remains unknown.

Patrimonio del XX secolo: restauro e storia materiale del costruito

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Franz Graf
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Monographic Study ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Material History ◽  
Three Components

With restoration the path taken reverses, to deal firstly with the object and then with the design. In this process, awareness of the material nature of the built assumes great importance because construction often constituted the central theme of design for many protagonists of the 20th Century. The material history of architecture is addressed along three main lines: the history of the materials, the history of the construction site and the history of the construction systems. Every building is conditioned by how these three components overlap. Systematic and thorough representation of these will give rise to a monographic study which describes it precisely. The method leads to identification of the problems presented by a building through scientific analysis and at the same time the method can be used to select, clearly interpret and identify the elements that one has decided to conserve, highlight or complete.

Memorate despre câteva obiceiuri din satul Mărișel, jud. Cluj. Note de teren

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Mirela Miron ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oral History ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Oral Transmission ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Village People ◽  
Ceremonial Life

The field research in this rural community, Mărișel village, Cluj county, took place between 2013-2015, using visual means and structured transgenerational interviews, thus observing the process of oral transmission of narratives. I did not propose the identification of some other meanings to the researched facts, other than those attributed by the interviewed subjects. I should mention that the historical-oral presentation of the life facts told by the people interviewed from the few hamlets of Mărișel village was made from the perspective of our interlocutors, being followed by autobiographical narratives. Thus, I paid attention to narratives articulated in an oral history of the area, stories about customs such as the carols of the young men, the "juni", the wedding or their meetings (“sezatoarea”), as perceived by people of the generation that lived in the interwar period or immediately after the war. The exploration of ceremonial, calendar and family life was done from a multiple methodological perspective, both ethnographic-anthropological and of oral history, so that "the ethno-anthropological analysis of the ceremonial life of a village can also function as a socio-anthropological diagnosis for understanding the deep transformations and mutations in the life of that community ”.(Neagota, 2016) The memorates that are the research object of this work are the result of interviews with village people, elders, in whose house I had the privilege of residing as their grandchildren’s teacher.

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