scholarly journals EUROPEAN GREEN DEАL AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF UKRAINE: EXPECTATIONS AND CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Fedorchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Eu

The article considers main questions regarding implementation and adaptation of the European Union program called «European Green Deal» in Ukrainian agribusiness. The article analyzes factors, risks and challenges that arise as a result of the implementation of the «green deal» to Ukrainian farmers. The European experience of the program implementation as a part of agricultural sector is studied. Prospects for Ukraine to obtain direct access to the «green economy» and become a climate-neutral country in the agricultural sector are outlined. At this stage, Ukrainian diplomacy is negotiating with the European Union within the framework of the «green deal» and is ready to cooperate as a guarantor of the implementation of this program for the agribusiness. The most important thing is to build synergies between the agricultural sector and all the authorities that are involved, in order to adapt the European course in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to deepen the theoretical and methodological approaches to the development of mechanisms that ensure the transition of the domestic agricultural sector to the model of the European «green deal». Our research shows that against a background of the economic and coronavirus crisis, the European Green Deal (EGD) is still the unifying element that will increase the resilience of a vulnerable world. It is related not only to the climate policy but also to a green concept of modernizing the economy and economic growth in order to ensure human life being in harmony with the planet and its resources. Given a wide range of areas covered by the course, it will have a significant impact on our trade and economic cooperation with the EU. In 2020, Ukraine has already started internal discussions with businesses regarding the European Green Deal (EGD). Agricultural initiatives and the transition to a sustainable EU food system are likely to increase agricultural and food demand, which could be an additional trade barrier and cause negative affect on Ukrainian exports. However, the promotion of organic products in the EU will create new market opportunities for manufacturer.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF AGRARIAN RELATIONS IN BULGARIA AFTER ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION (2007–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Maria Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Production Relations ◽  
The Eu

The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of industrial relations in the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy in terms of its membership in the European Union. Thanks to the involvement of a wide range of statistical sources, it is determined that modern Bulgarian society is experiencing profound changes in socio-economic development, the response to which has brought the Bulgarian agricultural sector to a competitive level. It is determined that the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy had a rather difficult way of adapting production relations to European requirements. At the same time, Bulgaria’s accession to the European Union stimulated the development of agriculture, contributed to the introduction of the latest agro-technical production technologies, rational land use, improvement of agricultural products. The main trends in the development of the agricultural sector of the Bulgarian economy after the country’s accession to the EU and the transformation processes in the sector are analyzed. In addition, as a result of an in-depth analysis, it was proved that the Bulgarian agricultural sector on the verge of joining the EU had a number of problems that hindered the increase of its productivity and profitability. Following Bulgaria’s accession to the European Economic Area, the country had to take a number of measures to address the above-mentioned problem. In particular, it consisted in the adaptation of agricultural legislation, state support measures to European norms and standards of agricultural production to European norms and requirements. The deepening of European integration and the further accession of Bulgaria to the EU accelerated the transformation of agricultural production relations and the modernization of agriculture, which was accompanied by the adaptation and harmonization of the agricultural sector to increase its productivity.

Policy-Making in the European Union

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Policy ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Common ◽  
Key Events ◽  
The Eu

Policy-Making in the European Union explores the link between the modes and mechanisms of EU policy-making and its implementation at the national level. From defining the processes, institutions and modes through which policy-making operates, the text moves on to situate individual policies within these modes, detail their content, and analyse how they are implemented, navigating policy in all its complexities. The first part of the text examines processes, institutions, and the theoretical and analytical underpinnings of policy-making, while the second part considers a wide range of policy areas, from economics to the environment, and security to the single market. Throughout the text, theoretical approaches sit side by side with the reality of key events in the EU, including enlargement, the ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon, and the financial crisis and resulting Eurozone crisis, focusing on what determines how policies are made and implemented. This includes major developments such as the establishment of the European Stability Mechanism, the reform of the common agricultural policy, and new initiatives to promote EU energy security. In the final part, the chapters consider trends in EU policy-making and the challenges facing the EU.

scholarly journals Etyczne i prawne aspekty stosowania preparatu medycznego ellaOne czyli tzw. pigułki „pięć dni później”

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-34
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kobyliński
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Medicinal Product ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medical Prescription ◽  
Postcoital Contraception ◽  
Emergency Contraceptive ◽  
The Eu

The article focuses on ethical and legal aspects of the use of the postcoital contraception. In November 2014, The European Medicines Agency recommended a change in classification status from prescription to non-prescription for the emergency contraceptive ellaOne. This medicinal product has been authorized in the European Union since 2009. The European Medicines Agency found that ellaOne could be used safely and effectively without medical prescription, which means that this medicinal product could be obtained without a prescription in the EU. The decision opens up a new stage of public debate about the beginnings of human life and recognition of the human embryo as a human being from the very moment of conception.

scholarly journals Environmental aspects of agricultural policies of the European Union countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
Anna Lytvynchuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Support ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu

At present, the state of the economy of the agricultural sector in many countries of the world, including in the countries of the European Union (EU), inherent in developed industry, has led to the transition to a new environmentally oriented agricultural policy. An important role is assigned to state support of agricultural producers, through subsidies, preferential credit policy, and in some countries, the complete abolition of taxation of entrepreneurial activity in rural areas, which confirms the relevance and national economic significance of the article. In domestic agroeconomic science and practice, there is no scientific concept of state participation in the process of bringing the agricultural sector out of the crisis. Research objectives – consider the development policy of the agricultural sector of the EU countries; study the level of state support for agricultural producers. The purpose of the work is to consider the degree of development of the agricultural policy of the EU countries in the context of ensuring food security. The methods and methodology of the research were general scientific, particular methods of cognition, including the historical and logical, the method of observation and comparison. Shows the main approaches to state regulation of the development of the agro-industrial sector at the level of the European Union as a whole and in the context of member countries; characteristic features and principles that determine the success and integrity of a unified agricultural policy; factors contributing to the productivity of agricultural land; agro-ecological requirements restricting the import of genetically modified products; the main tasks in the development of a new policy of the agrarian sector of the economy; priority directions of regulation of measures to support agricultural producers, integrated development of rural areas, increasing the competitiveness of the EU agricultural sector. The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that this study will allow the state bodies of Belarus to better understand how it is necessary to form an agricultural policy in the context of ensuring food security.

scholarly journals THE EUROPEAN UNION, THE UNITED STATES, AND THE GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Anisa ◽  
Chelsilya ◽  
Grace Yohana ◽  
Mucco Eva ◽  
Morry Zefanya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Eu

Current technological advances have been present in all aspects of human life, including technological advances in biotechnology. Biotechnology not only raises hope for science but also raises heated debates among scientists, especially between the European Union and the US. This debate arises because of differences in perspective between the EU and the US. The EU has stringent rules regarding the development efforts of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). At the same time, the US thinks that GMOs are part of agriculture, so there is no need for any special laws to regulate them. Various side effects also come hand in hand with the birth of GMOs. They are ranging from adverse effects on human health, the health of food products, and even environmental damage. The development of GMOs can damage the ecosystem of species that exist in the environment. Still, more complex problems arise due to GMOs like economic problems and monopolies.   Keywords: The  GMOs, The EU, The US.

scholarly journals Quo vadis Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union?

Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Stępień ◽  
Andrzej Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
The Eu

Summary The agricultural policy of the European Union - Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) - was introduced in the 1960s as the first EU policy. Over the next decades it constituted the largest share in the expenditure of the EU budget. Today, although cohesion policy has replaced it in the first place, it is still being prioritized by the countries of the Community. Observation of the next financial perspectives, however, allows to conclude that the nature of the CAP is changing, which is a manifestation of the evolution of views on the role of the food sector in the economic development of the European Union. The aim of the study is to indicate the directions of reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy during its sixty-year functioning, the reasons for these changes and the consequences they have had for the agricultural sector in EU countries. These outcomes were supplemented by outlining the perspectives for the development of the EU agricultural policy in the coming years. The authors focused on the basic instruments of the CAP including income-generating, environmental and rural development-related. On the basis of the analysis of objectives and instruments of the CAP, it was stated that it departed from traditional market support to create more sophisticated intervention related to the changing macroeconomic conditions and expectations of the society. The paper is a review, with elements of meta-analysis, deduction and inductive reasoning.

25. Equal Treatment and Non-Discrimination

EU Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 929-994
Author(s):  
Paul Craig ◽  
Gráinne de Búrca
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Charter Of Fundamental Rights ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Eu

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses EU anti-discrimination law, which, over the past decade and a half, has expanded significantly to cover a wide range of grounds and contexts. In addition to requiring equal treatment for women and men, the Treaty provides legislative competence to combat discrimination on a range of grounds. The Charter of Fundamental Rights, which has a chapter devoted to equality, has been incorporated into the EU Treaties. Article 21 of the Charter prohibits discrimination on any ground. Articles 8 and 10 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) contain horizontal clauses requiring the EU to promote equality between men and women, and to combat discrimination based on certain grounds, namely sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age, or sexual orientation in all of its policies and activities. The UK version contains a further section analysing issues concerning EU discrimination law and the UK post-Brexit.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN AGRICULTURAL FUNDING IN BULGARIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Ognyan Stoichkova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Common ◽  
Programming Period ◽  
The Eu

The article deals with the issues related to financing of agricultural industry in Bulgaria from the EU funds and programs. The outcomes of European support under the first and second pillars of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union, in which Bulgaria has been participating since 2007, are analyzed. Besides, the positive effects on Bulgaria’s agriculture as well as the problems facing the agricultural sector in the new programming period are highlighted.

scholarly journals Assessing Sustainability Performance at the Farm Level: Examples from Greek Agricultural Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Tzouramani ◽  
Stamatis Mantziaris ◽  
Pavlos Karanikolas
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Sustainability Indicators ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Farm Level ◽  
Sustainability Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Olive Trees ◽  
The Eu

In recent years, farmers and policymakers have faced ample challenges and have struggled to support the sustainability of the agricultural sector. Sustainable agriculture encompasses multiple concepts, and its performance produces extensive debate about data requirements, appropriate indicators, evaluation methods, and tools. Under the European Union (EU) financed project FLINT (Farm Level Indicators for New Topics in policy evaluation), detailed data have been collected at the farm level to provide broader coverage of sustainability indicators on a wide range of relevant topics to facilitate the assessment of sustainability performance. The approach has been applied in a pilot network of representative farms at the EU level, considering the heterogeneity of the EU farming sector to provide data infrastructure with up to date information for sustainability indicators. This study aims to assess sustainability performance at the farm level in Greece. Representative and dominant agricultural systems, such as permanent crops, olive trees, arable crops, and livestock (sheep) farms, comprise the Greek sample. It uses the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) methodology and attempts to gain insights into the sustainability performance of agricultural systems. The outcome of the sustainability assessment reveals knowledge and develops support for strategic farm choices in order to support both farmers and policymakers towards more sustainable development plans. The results indicate that three typical Mediterranean farming systems, like permanent crops, olive trees, and extensive livestock systems (sheep farms), are more sustainable in contrast to intensive and arable crop farms.

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