scholarly journals STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF LABOR MARKET FORMATION AS A DRIVER OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Stroiko ◽  
Oleksander Bulavchenko ◽  
Alina Yeremeieva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
Tax Benefits

The article considers the strategic aspects of the formation of the labor market as a driver of competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. The situation on the labor market is also analyzed, namely: indicators of economically active population, including age groups in the period 2015 - 2019, unemployment rate and population outflow in the territorial - sectoral context in the period 2019 - 2020. The author investigated The main indicator that is characteristic of the labor market is the level of employment of the population by age groups on average to the corresponding group. The situation on the "black labor market" was also analyzed and labor market trends in coronavirus conditions were studied. It has been established which professions will be the most popular and are currently functioning. Strategic vectors of social and labor development have been formed, which in the future should form a qualitatively new socio-economic policy in Ukraine, use innovation-oriented mechanisms to overcome the deficit. It is proved that during the symbiosis of the financial crisis and the labor market crisis, the main tools that can mitigate the effects of coronavirus outbreaks should be: maintaining existing traditional jobs, creating new, virtual jobs, based on robotics, automation, artificial intelligence and IT -technologies; support for employment in general, and provide conditions for remote work for all who can switch to this form of work; protection of workers in the workplace; protection and prevention of workplaces to prevent or reduce the spread of infectious diseases; strengthening work to prevent discrimination against employees; taking into account the physiological and psychological needs of employees, raising their awareness, implementing occupational safety practices, investing in health care, sanitation and hygiene; development of skills and entrepreneurial activity; intensification of social dialogue; the introduction of temporary measures to apply tax benefits that would allow for the deferral of taxes, provided tax rebates to small businesses. Key words: labor market, competitiveness, coronavirus pandemic, innovations, professions, black market.

scholarly journals El trabajador en relación de dependencia en el Ecuador

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Carpio ◽  
Ma. Auxiliadora Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Target Group ◽  
National Policies ◽  
Active Population

El presente artículo busca determinar el comportamiento que existe entre la situación de laborar en relación de dependencia y los distintos grupos etarios de la población económicamente activa de las distintas provincias del Ecuador; analiza sus diferencias y desequilibrios dentro del espectro del mercado laboral; con esto se busca  identificar qué grupo objetivo necesita mayor enfoque o atención para así poder aplicar políticas nacionales que disminuyan este desequilibrio.Palabras Claves: Relación de dependencia, mercado laboral, población económicamente activa, desempleo, subempleo.AbstractThis article seeks to determine the behavior between the situation of working in dependent and different age groups of the economically active population of the various provinces of Ecuador, analyzing their differences and imbalances in the labor market spectrum, with this seeks to identify which target group needs more focus and attention in order to implement national policies that reduce this imbalance.

scholarly journals Uneven Use of Remote Work to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 in South Korea's Stratified Labor Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saejung Park ◽  
Sanghee Lee ◽  
Joonmo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Dual Labor Market ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Large Corporations ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Linear Probability

Background: This research analyzed whether South Korean companies adopted remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on the dual labor market structure comprising of primary sector (large corporations) and secondary sector [small and medium enterprises (SMEs)]. Companies in the dual labor market were classified based on firm size.Methods: We used August supplementary data from the Economically Active Population Survey covering 2017–2020 provided by Statistics Korea. In this empirical study, a Linear Probability Model was used to analyze the probability that employees would work for companies that introduced remote work since COVID-19 depending on the size of the company.Results: This study showed three main results. First, unlike other flexible work systems, the use of remote work has increased rapidly since COVID-19. Second, the larger the size of the company, the higher the probability that employees would work for companies that introduced remote work after COVID-19. Third, according to the analysis by industry, the difference in remote work utilization between large corporations and SMEs was relatively small because of a similar working method in manufacturing.Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that polarization within the dual labor market structure also spilled over to adoption of remote work, which was initially introduced to prevent the spread of the pandemic. This study examined the system and factors of labor-management relations contributing to such polarization and presented policy directions for the current labor market structure.

scholarly journals Gender and demographic features of the labor market of the Republic of Tuva: trends and prospects

POPULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Organa Natsak
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Regional Labor Market ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Gender Profile ◽  
Demographic Features

The article analyzes the gender and demographic features of the labor market of the Republic of Tuva: the structure and rate of employment and unemployment in gender dimension and historic retrospect covering the period of Tuva People's Republic (1921-1944), the Soviet and post-Soviet stages of history. On the basis of statistical data it is shown that from 1945 began predominance of female population in the demographic structure of the republic that is characteristic of modern Tuva. The author makes an attempt to give a historic explanation of this turn. The article shows changes in the ratio of male to female population of Tuva from 1931 to 2020 using various statistic sources and data. In the features of the gender profile of the regional labor market, the author identifies demographic, socio-cultural and economic factors determining it, in particular, the reasons for withdrawal of men from the economically active population in certain age groups. The article substantiates the thesis that, despite the steady trend of reducing unemployment in the republic in 2017, 2018, 2019, the issue of male employment remains acute. It also shows the level of demographic burden on the working-age population of the Republic of Tuva connected with the specifics of reproductive behavior of the population of the republic, namely, high birth rates, as well as the emerging trend of increasing the proportion of people over the working age due to the positive dynamics of increasing life expectancy in the republic.

scholarly journals Rapid Review on COVID-19, Work-Related Aspects, and Age Differences

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5166
Author(s):  
Lara Bellotti ◽  
Sara Zaniboni ◽  
Cristian Balducci ◽  
Gudela Grote
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the labor market and multiple aspects of work and workers’ life. The present rapid review analyzes this impact considering the effects that COVID-19 pandemic had on employment and work-related aspects across different age groups. A comprehensive literature search was performed on scientific contributions published between 2019 and March 2021, resulting in 36 papers pertinent to the scope of this review. Findings were grouped according to different topics, all linked to age: occupational risk, implications on the labor market (i.e., job loss and reemployment, job insecurity, turnover intentions and retirement, and healthcare workers’ return-to-work phase), remote work, and key individual and organizational resources and strategies. Overall, the review revealed variability across age groups in the impact this pandemic had on employment and several work-related aspects (i.e., occupational risk, remote work). Findings supported an age-differential effect of normative history-graded events such as the current pandemic, highlighting different responses and consequences depending on workers’ age.

THE CURRENT STATE OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE, THE IMPACT OF COVID-19

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandra Vivchar ◽  
◽  
Natalia Valihura ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Open Data ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the current state of unemployment in Ukraine, the relevance of the study, identifies the main causes and consequences for both the population and the state, reveals the concept of "unemployment" and "unemployment rate". It is determined that unemployment is one of the important socio-economic categories, because, on the one hand, it hinders the production of gross national product - the basis of society, and on the other - does not allow a person to be realized through participation in socially useful work. Using graphical diagrams, the dynamics of the components of the economically active population during 2015 - 2020 was shown. Based on the analysis of statistical data, attention is focused on the risks of impact on the socio-economic state of society and increasing poverty in Ukraine. From the open data, a table was constructed and the unemployment rate in the modern economy was estimated. The need to reduce this level with the help of active state policy is substantiated. The main methods are proposed, the introduction of which will help reduce the number of disabled in Ukraine and reduce the negative socio - economic consequences. It is determined that a necessary condition for balancing the labor market is an active policy of economic development, namely: investment in the country's economy, promoting entrepreneurial activity among the population and regulating the development of existing businesses. Based on the study, the trends of unemployment and the impact on its level of the epidemic situation, in particular quarantine restrictions, were analyzed. It is determined that with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak in the world and in Ukraine, in particular, the situation on the labor market has significantly deteriorated. It is concluded that the issue of unemployment cannot be completely solved, so, despite the measures taken by the state, it is necessary to apply them more actively and implement new effective mechanisms of state regulation to reduce unemployment to a minimum and increase employment in Ukraine.

Influence of the characteristics of competences on the employability of graduates of Higher Education Institutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Cueva Zavala
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Active Population

This research has a singular and notable importance, because if something should concern a Higher Education Institution, it is knowing what is the destiny within society of the human resource trained in its classrooms, that product that the institution delivers to the community who are its graduates and professionals. For the Institutions of Higher Education it is satisfactory on the part of employers, that the training received in the Institution of Higher Education is indicated, that the majority of graduates and professionals are incorporated into the occupational market; that is to say; some exercise their profession and others do it in occupations that do not correspond to their profession, which is justified, being aware that one of the great problems of the contemporary world is undoubtedly the lack of demand for human resources for stable work, which according to Authorized and reliable studies of every 10 people who join the economically active population, only 3 have real possibilities of fully joining the labor market, either in the private or public sector.

scholarly journals Health status and regularity of preventive activities among working population in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Georgieva ◽  
M Kamburova ◽  
P Stefanova ◽  
D Tsanova
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Insurance Fund ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Working People ◽  
Population Potential ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract Background Prevention is an important instrument for public health improvement and maintaining workability of active age people. National Health Insurance Fund of Bulgaria (NHIF) finances an annual regular check-up for people over 18 years of age. In addition, working people have access to preventive activities at their workplace. The aim of the study is to explore an actual regularity of preventive activities at active population in Bulgaria. Materials and Methods Data were collected by documents review and direct individual self-administered questionnaire, within a larger research project on health of active population in Bulgaria. It includes 326 employees in a study representing different branches, companies and professions. The questionnaire consists of questions about: a) distribution of risk factors, b) knowledge and attitude to prevention as a tool for better health c) types and regularity of preventive activities. Data processing was performed by SPSS v.24. Results Three of four respondents have been diagnosed with chronic disease, 49.4% of them suffer from more than one disease. One third of observed people take more than one medicine. Despite NHIF offers free of charge and obligatory annual check-ups, only 46% of study subjects have undergone a preventive examination within the last year, 49.7% - between 2 and 5 years and 4.3% have done so more than 5 years ago or never, which decrease the effectiveness of preventive measures. Visiting regular check-ups is significantly lower for younger age groups (below 44 years; p < 0.05). Relatively large part of people measured blood pressure (88.5%), blood glucose (67%) and blood cholesterol (51.5%) during the last year in relation to any symptoms, but not within the regular check-up. Conclusions Study results confirm the current tendency for low coverage of annual check-ups of working population in Bulgaria. Potential of preventive activities is not rationally used because recommended regularity is not observed. Key messages Phenomena as polymorbidity and polypragmasia are widely distributed in Bulgarian active population. Potential of preventive activities is not fully used because recommended regularity is not observed. Despite Bulgarian NHIF finances obligatory annual check-up for people aged over 18 years, most people become subjects of medical examination in case of disease symptoms, rather than regular check-ups.

scholarly journals The Role of Family and Friends in Return Migration and Its Labor Market Outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Joseph Gillespie ◽  
Clara H. Mulder ◽  
Christiane von Reichert
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Return Migration ◽  
Labor Market Outcomes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Market Stability ◽  
Onward Migration

AbstractDrawing on survey data on individuals’ motives for migration in Sweden (N = 2172), we examine the importance of family and friends for return versus onward migration, including their importance for different age groups and in different communities on the rural–urban spectrum. The results point to a significant relationship between the importance of family and return versus onward migration, with family importance decreasing with age among returning migrants. At the same time, the importance of friends for returning increases with age. The findings did not suggest a significant relationship between urbanicity and returning versus migration elsewhere. Based on a subset of respondents who were employed prior to migrating (n = 1056), we further examined labor market outcomes for onward versus returning migrants. The results broadly indicate that return migrations are linked to lower likelihoods of labor market deterioration and improvement, suggesting greater labor market stability for return vis-à-vis onward migrations. However, the importance of family for returning (versus moving elsewhere) is associated with higher likelihoods of labor market deterioration and improvement compared with staying the same, indicating greater volatility in labor market outcomes when the importance of family is considered.

Post-pandemic transformation of the labor market

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 684-696
Author(s):  
Dinara R. ORLOVA ◽  
Yuliya S. OTMAKHOVA ◽  
Irina A. PUZYREVA
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Displaced Workers ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Process Implementation ◽  
Basic Competencies ◽  
Market Transformation ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Ambiguous Effect ◽  
The Impact

Subject. One of the most important effects of the pandemic on the economy is the labor market transformation. It is projected that there will be a structural transformation of the map of in-demand professions and competencies. The labor market will adapt to the requirements of maximum digitalization of the labor functions process implementation. Objectives. The aim is to study the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labor market. Our tasks are to investigate the impact of the pandemic on various sectors of the economy, identify new professions in the new environment, find out the skills demanded by employers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. The study employs dialectical and systems approaches, general scientific methods of logical and comparative analysis to achieve the intended objective and solve the problem of determining the post-pandemic changes in the labor market. Results. We identified short-term and long-term market transformations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. They result in changes in basic competencies and systemic restructuring of the structural and professional component of workforce. Conclusions. The pandemic has a complex and ambiguous effect on the labor market. Companies are committed to accelerating the digitalization of work flows, education, expanding the remote work, and automating tasks within the organization. The impact of the pandemic should be addressed by supporting the displaced workers and monitoring the new opportunities in the labor market.

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