scholarly journals Uneven Use of Remote Work to Prevent the Spread of COVID-19 in South Korea's Stratified Labor Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saejung Park ◽  
Sanghee Lee ◽  
Joonmo Cho
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Probability Model ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Dual Labor Market ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Large Corporations ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Linear Probability

Background: This research analyzed whether South Korean companies adopted remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic by focusing on the dual labor market structure comprising of primary sector (large corporations) and secondary sector [small and medium enterprises (SMEs)]. Companies in the dual labor market were classified based on firm size.Methods: We used August supplementary data from the Economically Active Population Survey covering 2017–2020 provided by Statistics Korea. In this empirical study, a Linear Probability Model was used to analyze the probability that employees would work for companies that introduced remote work since COVID-19 depending on the size of the company.Results: This study showed three main results. First, unlike other flexible work systems, the use of remote work has increased rapidly since COVID-19. Second, the larger the size of the company, the higher the probability that employees would work for companies that introduced remote work after COVID-19. Third, according to the analysis by industry, the difference in remote work utilization between large corporations and SMEs was relatively small because of a similar working method in manufacturing.Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that polarization within the dual labor market structure also spilled over to adoption of remote work, which was initially introduced to prevent the spread of the pandemic. This study examined the system and factors of labor-management relations contributing to such polarization and presented policy directions for the current labor market structure.

scholarly journals Small and Medium Enterprises: Importance for the Kosovo Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
Afrim Loku ◽  
Nadire Loku ◽  
Naim Baftiu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
National Economies

This study aims to broaden the understanding of the importance of SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) for the economy of Kosovo, especially in terms of economic development, labor market and innovation. The study was conducted through analysis of documentary sources such as relevant reports of national and international institutions as well as relevant scientific papers. The scientific contribution of this study is theoretical and aims to help researchers of the field for an expanded understanding of SMEs over national economies. This study provides a concise framework of important elements on the economic impact of SMEs on Kosovo's economy. Examination of available data has shown that the SME sector plays a crucial role for the Kosovo economy. The key role of SMEs was emphasized in terms of overall value generated and the labor market while innovation remains a challenge to be addressed by stakeholders

A BALANCED LABOR MARKET AS A PREVENTIVE TOOL FOR RESTRICTING EXTERNAL LABOR MIGRATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiya Rushchyshyn ◽  
◽  
Olha Mulska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
The State ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Educational Migration ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Key Indicators

The article describes the labor market as an element of the economic system that determines the direction and pace of macroeconomic development, affects the welfare of the population and social protection. The dynamics of reduction of labor force for 2010-2020 due to the increase in the level of external labor and educational migration is given. It is substantiated that the creation of high-paying jobs and the reform of the wage system are effective tools for regulating external migration, which reduces aggregate supply, unemployment and the load on vacant demand. It is outlined that the development of the market of the newest forms of employment and freelance by stimulating the population to create small and medium enterprises, providing organizational, economic and regulatory prerequisites for the development of youth business, can be considered an effective tool to curb migration. The tools of improving the state employment policy are given, namely the tools of balancing the labor market of Ukraine in the projection of the state policy of migration management. The reasons for the growth of unemployment among graduates of educational institutions, youth and skilled people, which encourage potential migration in a period of socio-economic instability and political turmoil. Means of ensuring the preservation of intellectual and human resources of Ukraine and avoiding a shortage of workers in the labor market, which encourage the development of appropriate information and analytical support for analyzing the needs of the labor market (regional, local, sectoral, professional) in the projection of labor supply. The basic vectors of development of the modern labor market which efficiency depends on realization of effective tools, and also structural transformations in the labor markets are resulted. The role of the state in ensuring positive changes and the formation of new transformational approaches in the field of social and labor relations is outlined. The main criteria and priorities for the formation of employment policy in Ukraine are highlighted and the transformation of new types of employment is emphasized. The key indicators of the new type of labor relations are given.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC ASPECTS OF LABOR MARKET FORMATION AS A DRIVER OF THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Stroiko ◽  
Oleksander Bulavchenko ◽  
Alina Yeremeieva
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Remote Work ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Market Competitiveness ◽  
Tax Benefits

The article considers the strategic aspects of the formation of the labor market as a driver of competitiveness of the Ukrainian economy. The situation on the labor market is also analyzed, namely: indicators of economically active population, including age groups in the period 2015 - 2019, unemployment rate and population outflow in the territorial - sectoral context in the period 2019 - 2020. The author investigated The main indicator that is characteristic of the labor market is the level of employment of the population by age groups on average to the corresponding group. The situation on the "black labor market" was also analyzed and labor market trends in coronavirus conditions were studied. It has been established which professions will be the most popular and are currently functioning. Strategic vectors of social and labor development have been formed, which in the future should form a qualitatively new socio-economic policy in Ukraine, use innovation-oriented mechanisms to overcome the deficit. It is proved that during the symbiosis of the financial crisis and the labor market crisis, the main tools that can mitigate the effects of coronavirus outbreaks should be: maintaining existing traditional jobs, creating new, virtual jobs, based on robotics, automation, artificial intelligence and IT -technologies; support for employment in general, and provide conditions for remote work for all who can switch to this form of work; protection of workers in the workplace; protection and prevention of workplaces to prevent or reduce the spread of infectious diseases; strengthening work to prevent discrimination against employees; taking into account the physiological and psychological needs of employees, raising their awareness, implementing occupational safety practices, investing in health care, sanitation and hygiene; development of skills and entrepreneurial activity; intensification of social dialogue; the introduction of temporary measures to apply tax benefits that would allow for the deferral of taxes, provided tax rebates to small businesses. Key words: labor market, competitiveness, coronavirus pandemic, innovations, professions, black market.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENGEMBANGAN EKONOMI LOKAL (PEL) DI KOTA MEDAN (Studi Kasus Usaha Kecil Dan Menengah Sebagai Sektor Basis)

2017 ◽  
pp. 74-84
Author(s):  
Anton Atno Parluhutan Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Local Economic Development ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Threshold Score ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The concept of Local Economic Development (LED) is an analytical tool that can be used to describe and measure economic conditions in a region. The territory in question may be administrative territory or region / region of particular business / commodity development, including small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are part of the most strategic economic sector, concerning the livelihood of the people and is an important pillar in supporting and moving the joints of the economy in many countries .. SMEs play several important roles in Indonesia, one of them important players In Local Economic Development (LED) and community development. The purpose of this study is directed to determine the factors - factors that affect Local Economic Development with SMEs as the base sector in the city of Medan. The research method used in this research is Quantitative Descriptive Research Method. Data collection is done by using secondary and primary data. Then the analysis used to test the research hypothesis that has been determined by using the sample data obtained. The Inferential Statistics Method used in the analysis of this research data is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Descriptive result of this research is there are three variables have the average score of each - each variable is smaller than the middle threshold score 9. The three latent variables referred to include: social capital, socio-economic characteristics, and economic development policy However, when viewed From educational and skill perspectives, labor market and geographical characteristics greater than the middle threshold score 9. The results of this study are social capital, education and expertise, social characteristics, labor market, economic development policy and local culture are six factors Have a positive and significant impact on the succession of local economic development program of Medan city.

scholarly journals From big business to small and medium-sized enterprises: factors and prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anton Kvitka ◽  
Anna Kramarenko
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Large Corporations ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The article considers changes in organizational structure (in the context of a shift in favor of small business), the main factors and long-term prospects of these changes. Enhancing the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in many countries of the world is described. The concept of SMEs, as well as the range of indicators measuring organizational structure, is defined. Modern trends that indicate the increasing role of small and medium-sized enterprises are shown. On the basis of dynamics of economic indicators in Europe and the United States, the increasing role of small and medium enterprises is investigated. It is shown that the increase in the share of the service sector is the result of market saturation. The influence of the service sector on the shifts in the organizational structure in the period of global economic changes, as well as the influence on the increasing share of more flexible and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises in total employment and income, is argued. Increased competition in the process of saturation of the market is shown as one of the factors of the development of personal needs that promote individual entrepreneurs, inventors and innovators, for whom a complex and rigid structure of large organizations is the factor which limits the growth and interferes with their becoming the engines of scientific and technological progress. It is proved that in conditions when large corporations find themselves unable to identify a new micro niche quickly, small and medium enterprises are becoming the most convenient form for the realization and promotion of innovation. The transition from the dominance of large corporations to the dominance of SMEs in the process of substitution of technological modes is investigated. The increasing role of small and medium firms in the context of long-term trends of economic development is considered.

scholarly journals NATIONAL CORPORATE GOVERNANCE MODEL: SYSTEM GROWTH FACTOR OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Stepan Igorevich Mezhov ◽  
Igor Stepanovich Mezhov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
Large Corporations ◽  
Medium Enterprises

The paper discusses the problems of the formation and development of corporate business organization in solving the problems of economic growth in Russia. Modern corporations of developed countries, possessing huge tangible and non-tangible assets, human capital and advanced technologies, are essentially the main drivers of economic development. By constantly investing significant amounts of capital in the creation of innovative products, corporations play a leading role, both in existing markets, and create new ones, receiving not only average industry profits, but also rents. Large corporations play a special role in national economies, since it is they who practically implement scientific and technological progress, create jobs, provide orders to small and medium enterprises, and make a significant contribution to the country’s GDP and significant tax revenues. Creating conditions for the emergence and development of large corporations in Russia is an urgent task, including for the implementation of national projects and economic growth programs, the implementation of which until now has been hampered by the inadequate organization of the national economy.

scholarly journals The Spatial Variation of Unemployment in Jordan by Using Geographic Information System GIS

لارك ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (39) ◽  
pp. 647-627
Author(s):  
د. مرتضى سرحان عوض الصافي ◽  
م.م ختام ثجيل شمخي
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

This study is concerned with studying the phenomenon of unemployment and its spatial variation in Jordan and analyzing the causes and effects resulting from it and ways to address unemployment and reduce its social, economic and security risks in the society, as well as to identify the concept of unemployment and its types and the reasons for its prevalence and continuity, in addition to the use of geographical information systems (GIS) in distribution to the category Active age, educational level, gender and governorate by employing statistical data on employment and unemployment indicators in Jordan based on government statistical data of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan for 2015 and 2016. The main reasons that exacerbate this phenomenon, the most important of which were poor planning and expansion by encouraging investment and creating job opportunities and not linking the outputs of education and training to the needs of the labor market, as well as insufficient attention by the government to small and medium enterprises (SME) and neglect to raise the proportion of women in the Jordanian labor market.  It is considered one of the lowest levels in the world, as well as the impact of expatriate labor which posed an additional challenge to the Jordanian government.

scholarly journals Impacto del factor escolaridad como obstáculo para la dirección femenina en la micro y pequeña empresa mexicana. Un estudio en 18 estados

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 150-171
Author(s):  
Nuria Beatriz Peña Ahumada
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Gender Perspective ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
The World ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Medium Enterprises

El aumento constante de la participación de la mujer en el mercado laboral ha estimulado la generación de diversas investigaciones, hoy en día alrededor del 40% de la micro, pequeña y mediana empresa (MIPYME) en el mundo, son operadas por mujeres. Con base en este contexto y bajo la perspectiva de género, el objetivo de la investigación de la cual deriva este artículo es analizar cuáles son los obstáculos a los cuales se enfrentan las mujeres que dirigen una MYPES en México, si bien el resultado presenta una gama de ocho factores,  este trabajo se enfocará particularmente en el factor nivel escolaridad. Los datos presentados provienen de una investigación con enfoque cualitativo donde se analizaron 1000 casos de empresarias en 20 municipios de 18 estados de la República Mexicana, se lleva a cabo el análisis de este fenómeno al cual se enfrentan estas mujeres, quienes en su mayoría, no se perciben a sí mismas como directivas. Abstract The constant uptick in women’s participation in the labor market, has prompted the production of several research projects. Nowadays, around 40% of the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the world, are operated by women; based on this context the aim of this research is to analyze from a gender perspective, what are the obstacles faced by women who run a MSE in Mexico. Although we found eight factors, this paper will focus on the educational level factor. The data presented comes from an investigation with a qualitative approach where we analyzed 1000 cases of businesswomen in 20 municipalities of 18 states of the Mexican Republic in which we analyze what these women face day to day, who, for the most part, do not they perceive themselves as directors.

Pandemic Structural Damage in the Market – Structural Damages in Micro, Small and Medium Scale Enterprises: Strategic Way Forward

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satya Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Market Structure ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Medium Enterprises

Pandemic: Pandemic refers to Covid-19 declared by the WHO on March 11, 2020. Market structure: Market structure is defined as the various systems, procedures that exist amongst the micro, small, and medium scale enterprises who are engaged in commercial activity by buying and selling products or services, and carrying out trade, generating wealth, and are a subsect of overall macro level economy. Structural change: Structural change is a complete shift in the basic ways a market operates. In this case, the functions and operations of micro, small and medium scale enterprises. Structural changes happened in business as a result of internet usage, online payments, GST to name a few. Structural damage: Structural damage is the harm that has happened and is happening to the markets, in this case, the micro, small and medium scale enterprises, which impairs the value usefulness, or normal functioning of the enterprises. Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs): Government of India (GoI)’s Jun 2020 definition of MSME is adopted for this study and they are as follows: • Micro enterprises are those that have Rs 1 Crore investments and Rs 5 Crore turnover. • Small enterprises are those that have Rs 10 Crores investments and Rs 50 Crores turnover. • Medium enterprises are those that have Rs 50 Crores investments and Rs 250 Crores turnover.

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