scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Derkach ◽  
Yuliia Tsevukh ◽  
Sergey Yakubovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Information And Communication

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONS ON SERVICES EXPORTS OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Shnyrkov ◽  
Rita Zablotska ◽  
Oleksii Chugaiev
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Institutional Factor ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Impact

Besides labor, capital and technology, institutions are another important factor of production and exports. They set a framework of motivation for economic activities and their efficiency. The previous research provided evidence for the effect of institutions on international trade and development. This paper focuses on the effect of institutional progress on export competitiveness of several services sectors in Central and Eastern Europe in the post-crisis period (2011-2017). In the analyzed period the services exports growth turned out to be more stable than the goods exports growth. The multi-country models showed that several types of institutional improvements affected the exports growth in the medium run. Excluding outliers, using weighted enlarged sample and alternative method for measuring exports growth were applied to assess robustness of the research results. Labor force growth, GDP and GDP per capita were initially used as control variables, but in most cases their effect for exports growth was insignificant in Central and Eastern Europe. Sector specific approach to the analysis turned out to be the most effective to understand the transmission mechanism of the effect under the situation of services heterogeneity. Monetary freedom (currency stability and market-based prices) stimulates exports of transport services. The rule of law (contract enforcement, property rights, efficiency of police and courts, absence of crime and violence etc.) is important for raising international tourism receipts. Information and communication technologies services exports depend primarily on voice and accountability (democratic principles, respects human rights and free media). As for financial and insurance services exports, no significant institutional factor was found. Control of corruption, political stability, labor freedom, government integrity, government effectiveness and lower government size also may be important, but their effect is not robust or cannot be distinguished from the effect of the abovesaid factors. It is more likely that fighting corruption may have a positive impact on the services exports than on the goods exports. The latter depend positively on the level of investment freedom. Using the selected EU Member States in Central and Eastern Europe as a benchmarking level enabled us to estimate a potential effect for services exports in case of Ukraine if it reaches their level of institutional development. In particular the institutional progress can boost Ukrainian transport, tourism, information and communication technologies services exports by 30-200% or by 10-15% of its GDP.

scholarly journals Assessing the level of digital maturity of enterprises in the Central and Eastern European countries using the MCDM and Shannon’s entropy methods

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0253965
Author(s):  
Jarosław Brodny ◽  
Magdalena Tutak
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Entropy Methods ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The process of global economic digitalization is a natural stage of evolutionary changes resulting from a dynamic development of information and communication technologies. Having appreciated the importance and advantages of digital transformation, individual countries began to strive to introduce it as soon as possible. In this context, it is important to study the level of digital maturity in Central and Eastern Europe, where the level of digitization is relatively low. This article assesses the level of digital readiness of enterprises in these countries based on 14 determinants characterizing the most important areas of the digitalization process. The research was carried out for 11 countries from the region, both for all and manufacturing enterprises. Multi-criteria analysis aimed at assessing the digital maturity of countries were performed using the Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods (the TOPSIS, MOORA, VIKOR), and entropy methods for delineating the weights of the determinants. In order to obtain an unambiguous assessment of the determined digital maturity, the mean-rank method was applied. The method of multidimensional scaling allowed for the analysis of similarities between the countries in question. The results showed that the level of digital maturity in the Central and Eastern Europe countries varies greatly and is lower than in other European Union countries.

Modern patterns of development of the communication and informatization sphere

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Maryna Demyanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Telecommunication Services ◽  
The World ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
Telecommunications Services

Information and telecommunication services are currently a full-fledged resource for social development compared to traditional resources. The growth of the level of scientific and technological progress has led to the incredibly fast development paces in the sphere of information and communication technologies, which has a significant impact on the development of the economy. On the basis of a thorough analysis of the sectors of information and communication technologies and components of the ICT development index, the article substantiates the need for accelerated digitization of the majority of enterprises of different spheres of economic activity with the aim of qualitative development of Ukrainian economy in order to increase its competitiveness in the world. This is explained by the fact that information and technology represent the main economic resource in the period of formation of information society and digital economy, and enterprises of the sphere of communication and informatization are a catalyst for social and economic development of the country as a whole. Using a methodological toolkit of the theory of systematic and correlation-regression analysis, an economic-mathematical model of the development of the sphere of communication and informatization in the regions of the world and individual countries of the world is constructed. It is based on the existing pattern of leading development of the communications sector, but takes into account the degree of economy dependence on the ICT development, which in some regions and countries is 100%. This is due to the approaching mass availability of ICT services in some countries in these regions. On the basis of the constructed model, the forecasting of GDP PPP per capita was carried out, which showed faster rates of growth of the country’s economy with the growth of the development level of the sphere of communication and informatization and accessibility of telecommunication services. In turn, the availability of telecommunication services is influenced by the digital skills of society and the level of their prices, which has necessitated determining the dependence of GDP PPP per capita on prices for communication services of countries with varying degrees of socio-economic development. This makes it possible to identify reserves for improving the productivity of individuals while increasing the availability of telecommunications services.

Scales and Dynamics in Outsourcing

2011 ◽  
pp. 1399-1406
Author(s):  
Iva Miranda Pires ◽  
Torunn Kvinge
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Great Degree ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Skilled Labor ◽  
New Markets ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Information And Communication

Outsourcing is used to describe the situation where a firm decides to subcontract assembly and/or service functions to an external supplier, either locally or abroad. When activities are subcontracted abroad, the term offshore outsourcing often applies. While offshore assembling activities have taken place for some time, the phenomenon of outsourcing services abroad is quite new. Several factors have contributed to these altered circumstances. First, the development of information and communication technologies (ICT) implies that services can, to a great degree, also be located at arm’s length or elsewhere in the flat world (Friedman, 2005). Second, institutional changes have opened access to new markets for goods and services as well as skilled labor, for instance in Eastern Europe and China. Third, the increased competition through globalization pushes firms to adapt quickly to new contexts and to achieve efficiency in order to maintain competitiveness.

The Unintended Consequence

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Nemati ◽  
Amna Latif
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Unintended Consequence ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
The Law

Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are an important factor in the socio-economic development of transitioning and developing countries. Given the importance of ICT in global social and economic development, many researchers have examined its development and growth strategies from national and governmental policy perspectives. However, understanding the consequences of information and communication technologies in developing countries is complex and far from certain. Given the ambiguity, complexity, and diversity of what constitutes ICT, Heeks (2002) suggested the existence of incongruencies between what policy makers envision as ICT and the actuality of what is ultimately manifested, proposing the “design-actuality gap” framework to understand this inconsistency. Baqir et al. (2009) extended the design-actuality gap framework to show that the dimensions of design maybe different than those of the actuality, but did not provide an explanation for this gap. In this paper, the authors posit that the gap can only be explained based on the law of “unintended consequence” (Merton, 1936). This phenomenon can best be seen in developing nations where ICT’s impact on socio-economic development is exaggerated. The authors present the case of the Islamic Republic of Iran and show how the law of unintended consequence can explain the major chasm that exists between ICT development and the actuality of use.

Diversity in the use of information and communication technologies among European Union countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Jolanta Wojnar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Method Of Principal Components ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Components Analysis

The aim of the research discussed in the article is to assess the diversity among European Union countries in terms of the use of information and communication technologies (ICT). Fifteen indicators describing the use of ICT by natural persons and households were selected for the analysis. The data were obtained from Statistics Poland reports and from the Eurostat database for the year 2017. The method of principal components analysis was applied in the process of analysing the diversity. Moreover, a cluster analysis based on the k-means method was performed. The analysis demonstrates that Scandinavian and Benelux countries are the leaders in using ICT, while countries of southern and south-eastern Europe as well as Poland are the lowest rated.

scholarly journals e-Learning: estratégias de formação e desenvolvimento econômico

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Silveira Bonilla
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
E Learning

Este texto tem como objetivo analisar alguns contextos em que e-Learning vem se desenvolvendo, especialmente nos âmbitos das políticas públicas e da economia. Considerando que as linhas gerais dessas políticas estão voltadas para o desenvolvimento econômico dos países ou regiões em que se inserem, a educação e os novos territórios educativos constituídos a partir do uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação vêm sendo utilizados como estratégias para esse desenvolvimento. Ao mesmo tempo, a educação vem constituindo um novo mercado, rentável, e com perspectivas de crescimento rápido, o que atrai investimentos de um grande número de empresas. A análise feita aqui tenta mostrar as limitações dessas perspectivas e o reducionismo aplicado à educação, uma área ligada umbilicalmente à constituição do ser humano, enquanto ser social, complexo. A análise não tenta dar conta de todas as implicações dessas dinâmicas e sim problematizar aquelas que mais se destacam no contexto contemporâneo. <br> <br> <B>Palavras-chave</B>: e-Learning, políticas públicas, estratégia econômica. <br> <br> <br> <B>Abstract</B>: The objective of this text is to analyze some contexts where e-Learning has been developing, especially in the ambit of public policy and the economy. Considering that the general lines of these policies are aimed at the economic development of the countries or regions in which they are found, education and the new educational areas resulting from the use of information and communication technologies have come to be used as strategies for this development. At the same time, education has become a new market, profitable, and with prospects for fast growth, attracting investment from a large number of companies. The analysis carried out here tries to show the limitations of these prospects and the reductionism being applied to education, an area linked irrevocably to what it is to be a human being – when it is social, complex. The analysis doesn’t try to cover all the implications of those dynamics but certainly tries to question those that stand out more in the present-day context. <br> <br> <B>Key words</B>: e-Learning, public policies, economic strategy.

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