Comparative Study of Oral Hygiene Among Urban and Urban Slum Dwellers of Ahmedabad

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. e000152
Author(s):  
Kinjal Solanki ◽  
Harsh Joshi ◽  
Alpesh Patel ◽  
D V Bala
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitive Teeth ◽  
Slum Areas

Aims and Objectives: To compare the oral hygiene practices and study the proportion of dental problems among urban and urban slum areas. Methodology: An observational, cross sectional study was carried out in 150 people in urban and urban slum areas. The study duration was four months (June 2015 to September 2015). The data was collected in a pre-designed proforma. The knowledge of the community was considered with regards to oral hygiene and harmful effects of bad food habits and tobacco consumption. The oral problems and hygiene was assessed by using mouth mirror and probe. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 Software. Results: Out of the total data collected, 75 of the data entries were obtained from urban area and urban slum area each. The age wise distribution was done as well in both the areas. Among them, most common age group was 20-45 years (50.7% in urban while 48.0% in urban slum) followed by 10-19 years, 46-60 years, 1-9 years and 60and above age group. The common symptoms observed like broken teeth (28%), gingivitis (13.30%), caries (21.10%) etc. were more in urban as compared to urban slum areas. Most common brushing practice was using paste (90%) followed by powder (10%) and salt (1%). More number of people in urban area (28%) consumes carbonated drinks as compared to urban slum (6.7%) (P value = 0.001). The proportion of sensitive teeth was more in urban (36%) as compared to urban slum (26.7%) (P value = 0.126). Most of the people in urban as well as urban slum area (97.3%) change their brush within 15 days-3 months. Conclusion: The proportion of gingivitis, dental illness, grinding teeth, sensitive teeth are more commonly seen in urban areas as compared to that of the urban slums. However, the proportion of bleeding gums, awareness regarding dental problems, frequency of brushing teeth and pattern of brushing were almost similar in both of the areas.

scholarly journals Comparative study of oral hygienic practices and oral health status among people residing in urban and urban slum of Ahmedabad municipal corporation

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 2181
Author(s):  
Alpesh B. Patel ◽  
Rakesh R. Shah ◽  
Vaibhav B. Ramanuj
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health State ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Oral hygiene should be educated and practiced at early age as it is one of the determinants of the health state later in one’s life. Dental problems are very much prevalent not only in urban slum owing to poor oral hygiene but also in well-developed urban area due to pursuing bad food habit.  The present study was undertaken to compare the oral hygienic practices among people in both areas. Methods: A cross sectional study carried out in 300 people (>10 years) residing in urban and urban slum of Vejalpur (150 from each area). A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant for applied statistical tests. Results: The present study showed that only 26.7% and 17.2% people in urban and urban slum respectively had habit of brushing both time morning and at night before going to bed. Only 25.7% and 11.8% of people used correct brushing technique. Regarding oral health status 47.4% of people in urban area and 61.1% in urban slum had dental caries. Conclusions: Oral hygienic practices were poor needs educational motivation regarding duration of brushing, appropriate way to brush the teeth, and use of mouthwash. 

scholarly journals Study of prevalence of hypertension in an adult population of age group 40 to 60 years in an urban slum of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Neeta Dilip Rathod ◽  
Rushali Rajan Lilare
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Hypertension is one of the commonest health related risk factor in India, with the largest contribution to burden of disease and mortality. Awareness of hypertension in India is low while appropriate treatment and control among those with hypertension is even lower. This mainly effects the middle age adult populations especially in urban slum area are more vulnerable for hypertension as they are so busy with their job responsibilities, family commitments, economic stress etc. If hypertension is detected early it is possible to minimize the risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke and kidney failure. An estimated 18 per cent of men and 13 per cent of women with high blood pressure are not receiving treatment that could protect them from an early death. So it is necessary to study the prevalence of hypertension in adult population of 40 to 60 years in an urban slum and to study the socio- demographic profile of this population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of the T. N. Medical College, Mumbai during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. A total 350 participants in the age group of 40 to 60 years using systematic sampling technique from urban slum area were interviewed and examined. A pre-tested interview tool was used to collect necessary information. Blood pressure <120/80 mmHg (normal), 120/80 to 139/89 mmHg (pre hypertension) and >140/90 mmHg (hypertension).Results: Out of the 350 participants, 148 (42.3%) participants had normal blood pressure and 81 (23.1%) participants had pre-hypertension, 79 (22.6%) participants had stage I hypertension and 42 (12.0%) participants had stage II hypertension.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 34.5% and 23.1% respectively. Various factors like gender, increasing age, low physical activity (exercise), high BMI, history of addiction, history of extra salt intake and family history of hypertension was associated with hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in an urbanized village of East Delhi

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghavendra A. H. ◽  
Monika Singh ◽  
Pragti Chabra ◽  
Arun Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Duration Of Stay ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas

Background: Hypertension is the major public health problem both in developing and developed nations. There is disparity in prevalence of hypertension in rural and urban areas. Data is available on the prevalence of hypertension in both urban and rural areas but studies on migratory population are limited. Methods: A community based cross sectional study conducted in urbanized village of east Delhi.  WHO STEPS questionnaire was used collect the data. Total of 451 persons were interviewed by stratified random sampling method.  Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 16.4%, high age group, high income, body mass index more than 23 and duration of stay in urban area were significantly associated with prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions: Older age group, higher BMI and longer duration of stay in urban area have significant associations with the higher prevalence of hypertension. 

scholarly journals Study of sociodemographic factors and their relationship with the morbidity among adolescent girls of Pune slum area

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Neha Joshi ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Kunal Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and education can influence health and nutritional outcomes, especially in adolescent girls. Aims and objectives of research work was to study of sociodemographic factors and their relationship with the morbidity among adolescent girls residing in slum areas of Pune region.Methods: A cross-sectional study of the urban slum population from October 2011 to September 2012. Adolescent girls of the age group 10-19 years who gave consent and are living in a slum area for more than 6 months were enrolled. Information on health status including morbidity was collected by health examination.Results: Majority of the adolescent girls (54.02%) had to age between 14-16 years. Majority of the adolescent girls (96.4%) were studying and were underweight (41.07%; of which majority 59.78% were in the age group 14-16years). Out of the 41.07% underweight girls, the majority (84.78%) had anaemia (p<0.05). A total 26.34% study subjects were stunted and 12.95% were thin (for both, commonly reported in the age group of 14-16 years). Majority of the girls (48.2%) belonged to class III SES. In class III socioeconomic status group mild, moderate and severe anaemia was reported in 50.45%, 41.51%, and 36.36% cases, respectively.Conclusions: Among the studied sociodemographic factors lower socioeconomic status and overcrowding had an impact on the morbidities. However, we noted a significant impact of morbidity in underweight girls.

scholarly journals Predisposing Factors with Complementary Feeding Practices among 9-11 Month-Old Infants in Jakarta Urban Slum Area

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Septriana Septriana ◽  
Gita Ardelia Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Complementary Feeding ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
P Value ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

The main cause of the undernutrition beside the infectious diseases is inappropriate caring practice and optimum feeding becomes one of ways to overcome long-term consequences of undernutrition. This study aimed to determine correlation between predisposing factors with complementary feeding practice among 9 – 11 month-old infants in Jakarta urban slum area. This cross-sectional study included 50 sitters of 9 – 11 month-old infants on May 2012. Data was collected through interview using questionnaire. There was no significant correlation between age of the sitters with the complementary feeding practice (p value = 0.645) as well as correlation between sitters with infants (p value = 0.724), occupation of sitters (p value = 1.000) and the number of infants in a family (p value = 0.738) which showed there was no significant correlation between those three factors with complementary feeding practice. Otherwise, there was a significant correlation between education and knowledge of sitters with complementary feeding practice (p value = 0.012 and p value = 0.005). Faktor-faktor Predisposisi dengan Praktik Pemberian Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu pada Bayi Usia 9-11 Bulan di Daerah Kumuh Perkotaan JakartaPenyebab utama kekurangan gizi selain dari penyakit infeksi adalah pola asuh yang tidak sesuai dan pemberian makan yang optimal menjadi salah satu cara untuk mengatasi konsekuensi jangka panjang dari kekurangan zat gizi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara faktor pendukung praktik pemberian makanan pendamping air susu ibu (MPASI) pada bayi usia 9 - 11 bulan di daerah kumuh perkotaan Jakarta. Penelitian potong lintang ini melibatkan 50 orang pengasuh bayi usia 9 – 11 bulan. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara usia pengasuh dengan praktik pemberian makan (nilai p = 0,645). Demikian juga dengan hubungan antara pengasuh dengan bayi (nilai p = 0,724), pekerjaan pengasuh (nilai p = 1,000), dan jumlah bayi dalam satu keluarga (nilai p = 0,738) yang menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan antara ketiga faktor tersebut dengan praktik pemberian makanan. Sebaliknya, terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pendidikan dan pengetahuan pengasuh dengan praktik pemberian makanan (nilai p = 0,012 dan nilai p = 0.005).

scholarly journals Acute food insecurity and short-term coping strategies of urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the lockdown period of COVID-19 pandemic of 2020: report of a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e043365
Author(s):  
Subhasish Das ◽  
Md. Golam Rasul ◽  
Md Shabab Hossain ◽  
Ar-Rafi Khan ◽  
Md Ashraful Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Insecure Households

IntroductionWe conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the extent and to identify the determinants of food insecurity and coping strategies in urban and rural households of Bangladesh during the month-long, COVID-19 lockdown period.SettingSelected urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.Participants106 urban and 106 rural households.Outcome variables and methodHousehold food insecurity status and the types of coping strategies were the outcome variables for the analyses. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were done to identify the determinants.ResultsWe found that around 90% of the households were suffering from different grades of food insecurity. Severe food insecurity was higher in urban (42%) than rural (15%) households. The rural households with mild/moderate food insecurity adopted either financial (27%) or both financial and food compromised (32%) coping strategies, but 61% of urban mild/moderate food insecure households applied both forms of coping strategies. Similarly, nearly 90% of severely food insecure households implemented both types of coping strategies. Living in poorest households was significantly associated (p value <0.05) with mild/moderate (regression coefficient, β: 15.13, 95% CI 14.43 to 15.82), and severe food insecurity (β: 16.28, 95% CI 15.58 to 16.97). The statistically significant (p <0.05) determinants of both food compromised and financial coping strategies were living in urban areas (β: 1.8, 95% CI 0.44 to 3.09), living in poorest (β: 2.7, 95% CI 1 to 4.45), poorer (β: 2.6, 95% CI 0.75 to 4.4) and even in the richer (β: 1.6, 95% CI 0.2 to 2.9) households and age of the respondent (β: 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.21).ConclusionBoth urban and rural households suffered from moderate to severe food insecurity during the month-long lockdown period in Bangladesh. But, poorest, poorer and even the richer households adopted different coping strategies that might result in long-term economic and nutritional consequences.

P055 Title: Standard rate of ASLO in healthy children with streptococcal (angina) or post-streptococcal (RAA) infection in Morocco

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Himri Sara ◽  
Oumokhtar Bouchra ◽  
El Fakir Samira ◽  
Atmani Samir
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Critical Threshold ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Group 2

Abstract Background The antistreptolysins O “ASLO” are anti streptococcal antibodies directed against streptolysin O. The assay of ASLO can provide proof of infection of streptococcal origin. However, it cannot confirm the presence of RAA or the degree of severity of the disease. A level of ASLO less than or equal to a critical threshold of 200 IU/ml is considered normal in children. Several factors influence the ASLO title and therefore their standard rate such as age, geographic location and seasonal variation. The objective of this study is to determine the upper normal limit (ULN) of ASLO in healthy children with angina or RAA at the CHU Hassan II of Fez in Morocco. Methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out from January 2016 to July 2019 in the cardiopediatric unit of CHU Hassan II and the Anarjiss health center in Fez. Patients below 18 years of age were included in this study. The children are classified into 3 groups: group 1: 152 children with RAA and who are diagnosed according to the modified Jones criteria, group 2: 177 children with angina, group 3: 157 healthy children who did not have an RAA, a history of recurrent or recent pharyngitis. Patient data is collected on operating sheets. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v 21 software. To establish a normal upper limit for ASLOs, the 90 percentile was used as it is a value below which at least 90% of cases studied in each group. Results The most common age group in the 3 groups is the age group between 5 and 15 years old. The frequency of children of urban origin is greater than that of rural origin in all the groups studied. The ULN is 421.4U/ml in the group of normal children, 641.95 U/ml in the RAA group and 561.8 U/ml in the group of children with pharyngitis. The study of changes in ASLO rates over time shows that they increase significantly in angina and tend to decrease in RAA. The LSN of ASLOs by gender shows that it is higher for boys than for girls. The ULN according to the residence shows that it is higher in urban areas. As well as the LSN of ASLO according to the season shows that it is higher in the cold period, especially in winter and spring (P &lt; 0.001). With regard to age, the ULN of ASLOs is higher in the 5–15 age group. Conclusion In this study, it can be concluded that an ASLO level less than or equal to 400 U/ml is the critical threshold in a normal child, while an ASLO level &gt;400 U/ml is considered pathological in children. children in Morocco.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Practice of Personal Hygiene and Sanitation: A Study in Selected Slums of Dhaka City

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shayela Farah ◽  
Mohoshina Karim ◽  
Nasreen Akther ◽  
Meherunnessa Begum ◽  
Nadia Begum
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Background: : Slum dwellers are likely to be among the most deprived people in urban areas. Poor hygiene practices and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases within developing countries like ours.Objective: To assess the knowledge and practice about personal hygiene and environmental sanitation in selected slums of Dhaka city.Materials and method: This cross sectional study was conducted in purposively selected urban slum areas of Moghbazar slum, Bashabo slum and T&T slum of Dhaka city during February 2014 to April 2014. Convenient sampling technique was applied. Semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire was used and face to face interview was conducted. Total 475 subjects, irrespective of age and sex, were included in this study.Results: Out of 475 respondents, more than fifty percent slum dwellers resided in tin shaded room while 21.7% in ‘kacha’ houses. Sixty six percent of the respondents used to drink water from tube-well and 24% used supplied water provided by the city corporation. The study revealed that near 59% of the respondents used sanitary latrine. About 67% slum dwellers regularly practiced hand washing before taking meal and 59.2% respondents used soap after defecation. About fifty percent respondents brushed their teeth regularly with tooth paste. Regarding personal cleanliness, 81% subjects took bath regularly while 78% washed clothes irregularly. A statistically significant relation was found between washing of hands before meal (p=0.001), washing of hands after defecation (p=0.02), tooth brushing (p=0.001), bathing (p=0.009), washing of cloths (p=0.001), use of footwear (p=0.63) with knowledge of personal hygiene of the slum dwellers.Conclusion: Continuous community hygiene education along with adequate access to water supply and sanitation improves hygiene behaviour and policy makers and health care providers should have definite strategy and implementation.Delta Med Col J. Jul 2015; 3(2): 68-73

scholarly journals Tooth Loss and Its Association With Frequency of Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Yemeni Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anas Shamala ◽  
Ebtesam Al-Maimooni ◽  
Salsbeel Al-Matari ◽  
Ryhana Hiyat ◽  
Mohammed Al-wesabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tooth Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Chewing ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Backgrounds: The present study sought to assess tooth loss and oral hygiene practices among a sample of Yemeni women in association with giving births (parity).Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 644 Yemeni women. They were interviewed to gather socio-demographic (age, education, number of children) and behavioral data (oral hygiene practices, khat chewing and smoking). Additionally, they were examined clinically to assess number of tooth loss. Data were analyzed using SPSS with a P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The participating women aged between 16 and 51 years. Only one fifth of the sample reported brushing their teeth regularly (i.e, at least once a day), and around 36.8% reported using dental aids occasionally. Additionally, 52% and 21% of the sample reported they were khat chewers and smokers, respectively. The mean number of tooth loss was 4.7. The mean number of children was 4.15, with approximately 54% of the participating women had more than 3 children. The results of the logistic regression revealed a significant association between number of children and tooth loss. Conclusion: Yemeni women had poor oral hygiene practices and high prevalence of tooth loss increased proportionally with the increased number of children. This emphasizes the importance of an effective oral hygiene motivation and health education among female patients during pregnancy periods.

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