scholarly journals Study of sociodemographic factors and their relationship with the morbidity among adolescent girls of Pune slum area

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Neha Joshi ◽  
Manoj Kumar ◽  
Kunal Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, socioeconomic status, and education can influence health and nutritional outcomes, especially in adolescent girls. Aims and objectives of research work was to study of sociodemographic factors and their relationship with the morbidity among adolescent girls residing in slum areas of Pune region.Methods: A cross-sectional study of the urban slum population from October 2011 to September 2012. Adolescent girls of the age group 10-19 years who gave consent and are living in a slum area for more than 6 months were enrolled. Information on health status including morbidity was collected by health examination.Results: Majority of the adolescent girls (54.02%) had to age between 14-16 years. Majority of the adolescent girls (96.4%) were studying and were underweight (41.07%; of which majority 59.78% were in the age group 14-16years). Out of the 41.07% underweight girls, the majority (84.78%) had anaemia (p<0.05). A total 26.34% study subjects were stunted and 12.95% were thin (for both, commonly reported in the age group of 14-16 years). Majority of the girls (48.2%) belonged to class III SES. In class III socioeconomic status group mild, moderate and severe anaemia was reported in 50.45%, 41.51%, and 36.36% cases, respectively.Conclusions: Among the studied sociodemographic factors lower socioeconomic status and overcrowding had an impact on the morbidities. However, we noted a significant impact of morbidity in underweight girls.

scholarly journals An epidemiological cross-sectional study to assess the socio-demographic profile and to study the prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults in an urban slum of Mumbai

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Saji ◽  
Mahesh B. Jajulwar ◽  
Anita G. Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Economic Class

Background: Obesity is perhaps the most prevalent form of malnutrition. As a chronic disease, prevalent in both developed and developing countries, and affecting both children and adults. In India due urbanization and modernization people are moving into urban centres and along with increasing wealth, concerns about an obesity epidemic in India are growing. The present study was carried out to assess the demographic distribution and prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults in an urban slum. Methods: The cross sectional study includes 350 adult populations from the Shivaji Nagar (Govandi) urban slum of the Mumbai city in India and study was carried out over a period of one year from August 2014 to July 2015. Results: Our study showed that most of subjects are in the age group of 38-57. Sex distribution was relatively equal with 44% males and 56% females. Majority of the population were Muslims. Majority of the subjects (50.6%) belong to class III, (26.9%). 32.3% subjects were obese and 8.6% were overweight according to BMI (basal metabolic index) while merely 6.6% were overweight according to WHR (waist to hip ratio). Thus BMI was found to be a better indicator than WHR for measuring obesity. Conclusions: From the present study it was seen that age group of the subjects, socio economic class, and level of education had a significant relationship with BMI, whereas sex of the subjects had non-significant relationship with BMI. 

Comparative Study of Oral Hygiene Among Urban and Urban Slum Dwellers of Ahmedabad

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. e000152
Author(s):  
Kinjal Solanki ◽  
Harsh Joshi ◽  
Alpesh Patel ◽  
D V Bala
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sensitive Teeth ◽  
Slum Areas

Aims and Objectives: To compare the oral hygiene practices and study the proportion of dental problems among urban and urban slum areas. Methodology: An observational, cross sectional study was carried out in 150 people in urban and urban slum areas. The study duration was four months (June 2015 to September 2015). The data was collected in a pre-designed proforma. The knowledge of the community was considered with regards to oral hygiene and harmful effects of bad food habits and tobacco consumption. The oral problems and hygiene was assessed by using mouth mirror and probe. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 Software. Results: Out of the total data collected, 75 of the data entries were obtained from urban area and urban slum area each. The age wise distribution was done as well in both the areas. Among them, most common age group was 20-45 years (50.7% in urban while 48.0% in urban slum) followed by 10-19 years, 46-60 years, 1-9 years and 60and above age group. The common symptoms observed like broken teeth (28%), gingivitis (13.30%), caries (21.10%) etc. were more in urban as compared to urban slum areas. Most common brushing practice was using paste (90%) followed by powder (10%) and salt (1%). More number of people in urban area (28%) consumes carbonated drinks as compared to urban slum (6.7%) (P value = 0.001). The proportion of sensitive teeth was more in urban (36%) as compared to urban slum (26.7%) (P value = 0.126). Most of the people in urban as well as urban slum area (97.3%) change their brush within 15 days-3 months. Conclusion: The proportion of gingivitis, dental illness, grinding teeth, sensitive teeth are more commonly seen in urban areas as compared to that of the urban slums. However, the proportion of bleeding gums, awareness regarding dental problems, frequency of brushing teeth and pattern of brushing were almost similar in both of the areas.

scholarly journals Study of prevalence of hypertension in an adult population of age group 40 to 60 years in an urban slum of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1990
Author(s):  
Neeta Dilip Rathod ◽  
Rushali Rajan Lilare
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Economic Stress ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Background: Hypertension is one of the commonest health related risk factor in India, with the largest contribution to burden of disease and mortality. Awareness of hypertension in India is low while appropriate treatment and control among those with hypertension is even lower. This mainly effects the middle age adult populations especially in urban slum area are more vulnerable for hypertension as they are so busy with their job responsibilities, family commitments, economic stress etc. If hypertension is detected early it is possible to minimize the risk of heart attack, heart failure, and stroke and kidney failure. An estimated 18 per cent of men and 13 per cent of women with high blood pressure are not receiving treatment that could protect them from an early death. So it is necessary to study the prevalence of hypertension in adult population of 40 to 60 years in an urban slum and to study the socio- demographic profile of this population.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of the T. N. Medical College, Mumbai during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. A total 350 participants in the age group of 40 to 60 years using systematic sampling technique from urban slum area were interviewed and examined. A pre-tested interview tool was used to collect necessary information. Blood pressure <120/80 mmHg (normal), 120/80 to 139/89 mmHg (pre hypertension) and >140/90 mmHg (hypertension).Results: Out of the 350 participants, 148 (42.3%) participants had normal blood pressure and 81 (23.1%) participants had pre-hypertension, 79 (22.6%) participants had stage I hypertension and 42 (12.0%) participants had stage II hypertension.Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension and pre-hypertension was 34.5% and 23.1% respectively. Various factors like gender, increasing age, low physical activity (exercise), high BMI, history of addiction, history of extra salt intake and family history of hypertension was associated with hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anemia in adolescent girls and its association with certain demographic variables: our experience from rural Telangana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007
Author(s):  
Panchasheela S. Reshmi ◽  
Anant Arunrao Takalkar
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Risk ◽  
Demographic Risk Factors ◽  
Moderate Anaemia

Background: Adolescents constitute over 21.4% of the population in India and adolescent girls constitute about 10 percent of the Indian population. This age group needs special attention because of the turmoil of adolescence which they face due to the different stages of development that they undergo, different circumstances that they come across, their different needs and diverse problems. The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of anaemia in the study population and to assess the socio-demographic risk factors associated with the anaemia.Methods: Community based cross sectional study conducted in adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years, permanently residing in the rural field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Kamineni Institute of Medical Sciences, Narketpally during September 2010 to September 2012.Results: Majority of families belong to upper lower socio-economic status (57.7%) according to BG Prasad’s classification. Age-wise prevalence of anaemia shows that prevalence of anaemia was highest (69%) in 18 to 19 years age group and least (37.5%) in the age group of 16 to 17 years. Majority of subjects with anaemia were having mild anaemia (80.2%) followed by moderate anaemia (19.2%) and severe anaemia (0.6%) respectively. Highest prevalence (68.1%) was found in joint or extended and least prevalence (56.1%) was found in nuclear families. Highest prevalence (75.0%) in subjects belonging to large family and least (54.5%) with small family.Conclusions: Prevalence of anaemia was 59% with majority of study subjects having mild to moderate anaemia. Prevalence of anaemia in these girls had a significant association with socioeconomic status of the family.

scholarly journals A study to assess the prevalence of anaemia amongst adolescent girls residing in selected slum of Bhopal city

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena Melwani ◽  
Manju Dubey ◽  
Amreen Khan ◽  
Manju Toppo ◽  
Yachana Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Adolescence has been defined by the WHO as the period of life spanning the ages between 10 to 19 years. This is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anaemia. The prevalence of anaemia among adolescents is 27% in developing countries and 6% in developed countries. The study was done with the objective to study the prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls of selected urban slum of Bhopal.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months on adolescent girls residing in selected urban slum of Bhopal. 98 adolescent girls who were registered in Anganwadi and present at time of study were interviewed. The data regarding their socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurements were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Hemoglobin level was also estimated using Hemocue (Hb 201) and participants were classified as having no, mild, moderate and severe anaemia based on WHO grading of anaemia. Data was compiled using MS Excel and analysed using Epi info 7.Results: Anaemia was present in 57.65% girls. Out of which 34.7% had mild, 44.9% had moderate and 20.4% had severe anaemia. 29.4% knew improper diet as a cause of anaemia followed by Vitamin deficiency (25.8%) and iron deficiency (22.3%). 29.4% girls did not know any cause of anaemia. Similarly 29.4% and 51.7% of study participants did not know of any symptoms and treatment of anaemia respectively.Conclusions: The overall prevalence of anaemia was high among study participants. Knowledge regarding anaemia, its symptoms, causes and treatment was very poor among study participants.

scholarly journals Take-out food frequency was associated with energy intake among mothers of young children in urban slum area in North Jakarta

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Fitya Safira Birahmatika ◽  
Dian Novita Chandra ◽  
Luh Ade Ari Wiradnyani
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Introduction: Inadequate energy intake was prevalent among women of reproductive age, which may contribute to poor diet. Having great concern towards health and nutrition may play a role in shaping eating habit and food-related behavior to achieve a healthy diet. This study aims to examine the association between health concern and energy intake, while considering other factors such as cooking frequency and having food away from home.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban slum area in Jakarta, involving 233 mothers of young children through consecutive sampling. Data was collected through interview using structured questionnaire, including 2x24-hour dietary recall. All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Version 20.Results: Energy intake of most subjects did not meet the recommendation. There was no significant correlation between health concern measured by General Health Interest Scale and energy intake. The frequency of having take-out food was a significant predictor of the energy intake. Additionally, a significant negative correlation between health concern and having take-out food was found.Conclusion: Having take-out food was associated with energy intake. Provision of health and nutrition information in the food stores might help to increase health concern to shape a healthier diet. Thus, a collaborative effort targeting both food sellers and customers is essential.

scholarly journals An epidemiological study of menstrual hygiene practices in school going adolescent girls from urban slums of Nalgonda, Telangana

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Jyothi Veleshala ◽  
Varun M. Malhotra ◽  
Suresh J. Thomas ◽  
Kondagunta Nagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Female Teacher ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
School Girls ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sanitary Pads

Background: Reproductive health of adolescent girls is crucial as it determines the health of future generations. School girls when experiencing menarche find themselves in a setting without water, toilets or a supportive female teacher to explain the changes happening in their body. Hence, the present study was conducted to assess knowledge and practices about menstruation in adolescent school girls of an urban slum and to find some socio-demographic determinants of menstrual hygiene.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among 6th to 10th class school going adolescent girls from an urban slum of Telangana state. A total of 300 girls participated.Results: The mean age of the students was 11.9±3.3 years. The mean age at menarche was 13.09 (95% CI: 12.07–14.11). 25.3% had acquired prior knowledge about attaining menarche. For majority (74.2%) the knowledge was imparted by their mothers. 96.9% of school girls used sanitary pads. Significant association observed between educational status and employment status of mother and usage of sanitary pads by respondent. Almost 90% of the young women faced physical complaints or health problems during menstruation. Majority (94.3%) had religious restrictions on them during the menstruation.Conclusions: Menstrual hygiene is an issue which needs to be addressed to all adolescents, with special emphasis in slum area. Lack of awareness is a roadblock in adopting safe and hygienic menstrual practices. More emphasis should be given on improving adolescent literacy for achieving hygienic menstrual practices.

scholarly journals Sex differences in non-communicable disease prevalence in China: a cross-sectional analysis of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study in 2011

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e017450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Guofeng Liu ◽  
Hongjiang Wu ◽  
Weiyan Jian ◽  
Sarah H Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesTo describe the sex differences in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in adults aged 45 years or older in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingNationally representative sample of the Chinese population 2011.Participants8401 men and 8928 women over 45 years of age who participated in the first wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS).Outcome measuresSelf-reported data on overall health and diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, chronic lung disease, cancer or arthritis. Sex differences in NCDs were described using logistic regression to generate odds ratios (OR) with adjustment for sociodemographic factors and health-related behaviours. All analyses were stratified by age group for 45–64-year-old and ≥65-year-old participants.ResultsIn both age groups, men reported better overall health than women. The crude prevalence of heart disease, cancer and arthritis was higher while that of stroke and chronic lung disease was lower in women than in men. After adjustment, ORs (95% CI) for the 45–64 and ≥65 year age groups were 0.70 (0.58 to 0.84) and 0.66 (0.54 to 0.80), respectively, for arthritis for men compared with women. In contrast, ORs were 1.66 (1.09 to 2.52) and 2.12 (1.36 to 3.30) for stroke and 1.51 (1.21 to 1.89) and 1.43 (1.09 to 1.88) for chronic lung disease for men compared with women. ORs for heart disease (0.65 (0.52 to 0.80)) were lower in men than in women only in the 45–64 year age group.ConclusionsOdds of arthritis were lower while those of stroke and chronic lung disease were higher in men than in women in both age groups. However, odds of heart disease were lower in men than in women, but only in the group of individuals aged 45–64 years.

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